scholarly journals Public trust in policing: A global search for the genetic code to inform policy and practice in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnie Clark ◽  
Rebecca Davidson ◽  
Vanessa Hanrahan ◽  
Norman E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Code ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Executive Competencies

The Executive Global Studies Program is an experiential and research-driven learning model for succession-ready police leaders and related executives across Canada, operating since 2003. Its research themes for each cohort are assigned by the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP). Nominees are each named and funded by their respective agencies with a view to informing domestic public policy and practice, while also providing a developmental framework for building global networks, shared geo-political awareness, and advanced executive competencies among the police leadership community. The program’s tenth cohort completed a 15-country study on the subject of public trust in policing, and they recently presented their summarized research results to the CACP for consideration and action. In this paper, these results are summarized and discussed for their potential implications for policy, practice, and continuing study. The primary focus of these authors, all of whom are Global 2017 team members, is to trace and explain the qualitative research process applied by their full cohort as they uncovered and conceived what the team ultimately characterized as ‘the genetic code of public trust’, a new grounded theory meant to inform and guide those continuing policy and practice considerations in Canada and beyond.

scholarly journals 10.B. Workshop: Corporate influence on science – what is happening and what can be done?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Corporate Influence ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Funding Research

Abstract The role of the corporate sector in research sponsorship is growing. So too is the evidence that corporations whose products are potentially damaging to health or the environment influence science and the ways in which science is used in policy and practice. Such efforts are a key part of corporate attempts to maintain or increase the consumption or use of industry products, and to secure favourable policy outcomes. The products and practices of corporations are responsible for a growing proportion of the global disease burden. Non-communicable diseases, many driven by consumption of unhealthy commodities and exposure to chemicals, account for over 73 percent of global deaths. It is increasingly important to understand the complex and multifaceted ways corporations seek to influence science; the impact these strategies have; and the ways this influence can be addressed. This workshop brings together global experts to explore these issues. Drawing on examples from several industries (e.g. tobacco, alcohol, food, and pharmaceuticals), it aims to: Increase understanding of the ways corporations whose products are potentially damaging to health influence science. We present a newly developed, evidence-based typology which draws together the vast existing literature in this field, to present a simplified way of understanding corporate influence on science. Delegates will be provided with materials that provide a means for recognising such influence.Examine the influence that corporations have on the first stage in the research process - research agendas. We present examples from tobacco, food and pharmaceutical industries which illustrate the mechanism through which industry funding of science drives researchers to study questions that are favourable to industry. The desired outcome is to maximise research on the benefits of industry products (positioning these products as solutions to complex problems), minimise research on the harms of their products, support their policy and legal positions, and impede potential regulation of their products.Increase awareness of the involvement that corporations have had in altering the mechanisms though which science is used in policymaking. Delegates will hear how corporations promoted and embedded policymaking reforms which increase reliance on and provide a conduit for industry-favourable science.Suggest ways forward concerning management of conflicts of interest in the publication of health research. Here we will discuss the roles that journals can play in governing conflicts of interest and issues of transparency in the publication of academic research.Suggest ways forward for funding research on unhealthy commodities. We present criteria for tobacco industry-supported research funding programs, and discuss the applicability of similar programs for funding research on other unhealthy commodities, and on the practices of other industries such as the fossil fuels industry. Key messages Corporations have been seen to skew evidence bases, manipulate interpretations of science, and influence use of science in policy and practice – such influence is a major threat to public health. This workshop exposes industry tactics in this area and begins to identify ways for dealing with them.

scholarly journals Getting our act together: a qualitative evaluation of the impact of a play on issues relating to women, sex work and substance use

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Anne Campbell ◽  
Jo Egan ◽  
Paul Murphy ◽  
Carolyn Blair
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Impact

Background: The arts have always sought to explore significant social issues through literature, performing arts and visual art. However, more recently there has been an increase in the use of theatre as a means of gauging audiences’ perception and understanding of key social issues. The primary aim of the current evaluation was to seek the views of audience members, service users of addiction services and expert commentators as regards their perception of a number of key issues related to the content of a play entitled Madame Geneva. Methods: The evaluation used an exploratory qualitative design incorporating a dualistic approach to the research process: including post show discussion with panellists and members of the audience and a focus group comprising service users who had also viewed a live performance of the play. Results: The topics elucidated by the performance of the play included women and sex work, women and substance use, and impact on policy and practice. The discussion of the issues raised reiterated that women still experience high levels of oppression and discrimination in areas of substance use, sex work and welfare ‘reform’ which are often couched within male dominated political discourses and structures in contemporary society. Conclusions: The arts and specifically dramaturgical representations of substance use and related issues is an effective method of initiating important pragmatic and policy discussion of issues, which affect women

scholarly journals Let’s do better: public representations of COVID-19 science

FACETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-423
Author(s):  
Timothy Caulfield ◽  
Tania Bubela ◽  
Jonathan Kimmelman ◽  
Vardit Ravitsky
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Communities ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Bad Data

COVID science is being both done and circulated at a furious pace. While it is inspiring to see the research community responding so vigorously to the pandemic crisis, all this activity has also created a churning sea of bad data, conflicting results, and exaggerated headlines. With representations of science becoming increasingly polarized, twisted, and hyped, there is growing concern that the relevant science is being represented to the public in a manner that may cause confusion, inappropriate expectations, and the erosion of public trust. Here we explore some of the key issues associated with the representations of science in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these issues are not new. But the COVID-19 pandemic has placed a spotlight on the biomedical research process and amplified the adverse ramifications of poor public communication. We need to do better. As such, we conclude with 10 recommendations aimed at key actors involved in the communication of COVID-19 science, including government, funders, universities, publishers, media, and the research communities.

scholarly journals Beyond Voice: Conceptualizing Children’s Agency in Domestic Violence Research Through a Dialogical Lens

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692095890
Author(s):  
Anita Morris ◽  
Cathy Humphreys ◽  
Kelsey Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Primary Care Population ◽  
Hermeneutical Phenomenology ◽  
Children’S Agency ◽  
Children’S Voices ◽  
Professional Interventions

Children who live in households where domestic violence is occurring have been variously described in the literature over time as silent witnesses, witnesses, a cohort who is “exposed” to the violence, and more recently, as individual victim survivors and active agents in their own right, each with their own lived experience of violence. Research methodologies in this arena have shifted from adult-focused measurements of the impacts of domestic violence on children to more qualitative attempts to understand the experience from the child’s perspective. In doing so, there have been notions of giving “voice to the voiceless” and doing no further harm through a desire to protect children from exposure. However, the relational framing of children’s voices and recognition and enabling of children’s agency is less evolved in research and professional interventions. A study undertaken in Australia researched with a primary care population of 23 children and 18 mothers, children’s experiences of safety and resiliency in the context of domestic violence. The findings of the research were realized using qualitative research methods with children and the analytical framing of hermeneutical phenomenology, ethics of care and in particular dialogical ethics, to draw practical understanding and application in health care settings. This article aims to demonstrate how the analytical methodology chosen was applied in the research process and reveals the elements required for children to experience agency in navigating their relationships in an unsafe world, while learning about themselves. It draws upon understandings of the child’s relational context and introduces a model of children’s agency, which may have applicability for domestic violence policy and practice settings.

Making Ethics Work in Collaborative Projects

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Emily Mauldon
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Ethical Research ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Primary Health

This article discusses problems a research team had managing their ethical obligations during a short project, and considers the implications of these problems for better understanding and carrying out ethical research in the future. Two key points will be proposed. Initially, it will be argued that the culture of ethical research as articulated within the research community may not be universally accepted within the primary health care sector. The nature of "ethical conduct" within clinical practice, service provision and research is not the same. Further, practical difficulties the researchers experienced while trying to gain approval from ethics committees and implement the proposed research plan highlight some ways in which institutional ethical review processes are structurally unsuited to the requirements of small collaborative projects. Understanding the different ways in which the term "ethics" is used will allow for a more expedient translation of concepts between different health professionals. Recognising the practical constraints ethical review places on the research process may help reduce some of the frustration primary health care professionals can experience when faced with the requirements of research ethics committees. Due to the history of, and cultural commitment to, ethical research within the university sector, those with formal academic training in research are well placed to assume responsibility for managing the ethics process when involved in cross-sectoral research. This responsibility may include the need to educate team members and study participants about the importance of research ethics.

Negotiating Participatory Research Processes With Domestic Violence Program Staff to Obtain Ecologically Valid Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 4817-4837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkiru Nnawulezi ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan ◽  
Suzanne Marcus ◽  
Latoya Young ◽  
Margaret Hacskaylo
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Partner ◽  
Community Partners ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Staff Members

The choice of research design affects not only internal and external validity but ecological validity as well. Ecological validity refers to the extent to which data are based in and relevant to real-world settings. One way for researchers to maximize the likelihood of achieving ecological validity is to design studies with community partners that use participatory approaches. Engaging deeply with community partners in determining what to study, how to measure constructs of interest, interpreting results, and using findings to create change is one means of conducting research that is likely to produce findings that are meaningful to communities. Conducting in-depth, participatory research within agencies providing crisis supports to individuals who have experienced trauma creates an additional level of complexity in the research process. This article presents a case example of how academic researchers and staff members of a nonprofit organization working with survivors of intimate partner violence collaborated on an evaluation of the community partner agency. As part of this process, the team members had to be continually aware of and responsive to the nature of crisis-focused work. We provide a reflexive account of the lessons learned and recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals 418 PB 095 WHOLE FARM CASE STUDIES OF HORTICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN WESTERN OREGON AND WASHINGTON

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 490g-491
Author(s):  
Helene Murray ◽  
Richard P. Dick ◽  
Daniel Green-McGrath ◽  
Larry S. Lev
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Research Process ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Team Members ◽  
New Information ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Time Required

Calls for increased farmer involvement in research and extension programs have been numerous and well supported. One approach to integrate the collective knowledge and experience of scientists and farmers is through whole farm case studies (WFCS). An interdisciplinary team of 34 research and extension personnel at Oregon and Washington State Universities conducted WFCS of 16 vegetable and small fruit farms. The WFCS process proved useful in developing an interdisciplinary team, and the vast majority of team members stated they would consider using the WFCS approach again; but the primary constraint cited was the amount of time required. Team members gained a better understanding of the complexity of farms and identified areas requiring further research. Farmers stated they enjoyed participating and discovered new information that will assist them in managing their fanning systems. Farmer-developed innovations were identified that are useful to other farmers and to the research process.

scholarly journals Let’s Do Better: Public Representations of COVID-19 Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISDL
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Communities ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Bad Data

COVID science is being both done and circulated at a furious pace. While it is inspiring to see the research community responding so vigorously to the pandemic crisis, all this activity has also created a churning sea of bad data, conflicting results, and exaggerated headlines. With representations of science becoming increasingly polarized, twisted and hyped, there is growing concern that the relevant science is being represented to the public in a manner that may cause confusion, inappropriate expectations, and the erosion of public trust. Here we explore some of the key issues associated with the representations of science in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these issues are not new. But the COVID-19 pandemic has placed a spotlight on the biomedical research process and amplified the adverse ramifications of poor public communication. We need to do better. As such, we conclude with ten recommendations aimed at key actors involved in the communication of COVID-19 science, including government, funders, universities, publishers, media and the research communities.

Collaborative strategies for knowledge translation: the African-German CEBHA+ research network

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sell ◽  
L M Pfadenhauer ◽  
N Jessani ◽  
B M Schmidt ◽  
N Levitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Integrated Knowledge

Abstract Background The Collaboration for Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health in Africa (CEBHA+) is an NCD research consortium that seeks to engage policy-makers and practitioners throughout the research process in order to build lasting relationships, enhance evidence uptake and build long-term capacity among partner institutions in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa and Uganda. This integrated knowledge translation (IKT) approach includes the formal development and implementation of country-specific engagement strategies. Methods An early-stage evaluation is taking place in Mid-2020. Online surveys and qualitative interviews with researchers and policy-and-practice partners will inform adaptation of country-specific strategies, advance the initial programme theory and contribute to the science of IKT. Results We present three pertinent observations based on the development and implementation of an overarching CEBHA+ IKT approach and five country-specific strategies over the last two years: Despite being informed by an overarching IKT programme theory, the site-specific strategies and resulting partnerships vary markedly, representing the whole continuum of integrated knowledge translation.The diversity of approaches is due to different understandings of IKT, discontinuity of staff, lack of IKT training, and perceptions of usefulness (compared to ongoing research activities) among CEBHA+ researchers.The individual, dynamic and often pre-existing relationships of researchers and partners from policy and practice are central to IKT, but capturing these within the programme theory and monitoring them remains challenging. Conclusions These observations are useful to guide further evaluation and cross-country comparison. Close examination of relationships and conceptualisation of IKT as a continuum may provide valuable insights into the circumstances that make IKT efforts worthwhile. Key messages Translating evidence into policy and practice is reliant on partnerships between researchers and policy-and-practice partners. These can be formalised but the relationships remain complex and dynamic.

Intimate Partner Violence and Work: A Scoping Review of Published Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 152483801988174
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. D. MacGregor ◽  
Casey L. Oliver ◽  
Barbara J. MacQuarrie ◽  
C. Nadine Wathen
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Work Related

Increasingly, intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as having important impacts on work. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the nature and extent of research on IPV and workers, the workplace, and/or employment. Using multiple search strategies, including searches conducted by a professional librarian from database inception to May 2018, 2,306 unique articles were retrieved and independently screened for eligibility by two team members. A total of 235 articles met predefined inclusion criteria, which were that articles must: (1) report findings of a research study, (2) be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and (3) be focused on IPV and the workplace, workers, and/or employment. The most common topics examined were the relationship between IPV and employment, IPV- and work-related factors, and the impacts of IPV on work. Most articles were quantitative and cross-sectional and focused on the abuse of women by men. Major research gaps include evaluations of interventions to address IPV and work and research focused on the experiences and needs of perpetrators and gender and sexual minorities. Further evidence synthesis is recommended in several areas and implications for policy and practice are discussed.

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