scholarly journals Physical activity regulates the intestinal microbiota composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Mihaela Jurdana ◽  
Darja Barlič-Maganja
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Communication Pathway

Gut microbiota is the name given today to the bacterial population living in our intestine. It provides nutrients, metabolites and affects the immune system. Recent animals and human studies suggest that regular physical activity increases the presence of beneficial microbial species of gut microbiota and improves the health status of the host. When gut bacteria diversity reduces, there are systemic consequences leading to gastrointestinal, physiological and psychological distress. This review describes the communication pathway of the microbiota-gut-brain axes and other possible mechanisms by which physical activity causes changes in microbiota composition. Furthermore, it provides the latest evidence of the beneficial role of exercise, which in turn can affect health and various disease processes. The results of research studies in this area are increasingly becoming a focus of scientific attention.

scholarly journals The Effects of Lifestyle and Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition, Inflammation and Muscle Performance in Our Aging Society

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Barbara Strasser ◽  
Maike Wolters ◽  
Christopher Weyh ◽  
Karsten Krüger ◽  
Andrea Ticinesi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Living longer is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, including impairments of the musculoskeletal and immune system as well as metabolic disorders and certain cancers, each of which can negatively affect the relationship between host and microbiota up to the occurrence of dysbiosis. On the other hand, lifestyle factors, including regular physical exercise and a healthy diet, can affect skeletal muscle and immune aging positively at all ages. Accordingly, health benefits could partly depend on the effect of such interventions that influence the biodiversity and functionality of intestinal microbiota. In the present review, we first discuss the physiological effects of aging on the gut microbiota, immune system, and skeletal muscle. Secondly, we describe human epidemiological evidence about the associations between physical activity and fitness and the gut microbiota composition in older adults. The third part highlights the relevance and restorative mechanisms of immune protection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions during aging. Fourth, we present important research findings on the effects of exercise and protein as well as other nutrients on skeletal muscle performance in older adults. Finally, we provide nutritional recommendations to prevent malnutrition and support healthy active aging with a focus on gut microbiota. Key nutrition-related concerns include the need for adequate energy and protein intake for preventing low muscle mass and a higher demand for specific nutrients (e.g., dietary fiber, polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids) that can modify the composition, diversity, and metabolic capacity of the gut microbiota, and may thus provide a practical means of enhancing gut and systemic immune function.

Microbiota-Immune System Interactions in Human Neurological Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-526
Author(s):  
Qin Huang ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Di Liao ◽  
Jian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

: Recent studies implicate microbiota-brain communication as an essential factor for physiology and pathophysiology in brain function and neurodevelopment. One of the pivotal mechanisms about gut to brain communication is through the regulation and interaction of gut microbiota on the host immune system. In this review, we will discuss the role of microbiota-immune systeminteractions in human neurological disorders. The characteristic features in the development of neurological diseases include gut dysbiosis, the disturbed intestinal/Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, the activated inflammatory response, and the changed microbial metabolites. Neurological disorders contribute to gut dysbiosis and some relevant metabolites in a top-down way. In turn, the activated immune system induced by the change of gut microbiota may deteriorate the development of neurological diseases through the disturbed gut/BBB barrier in a down-top way. Understanding the characterization and identification of microbiome-immune- brain signaling pathways will help us to yield novel therapeutic strategies by targeting the gut microbiome in neurological disease.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the phylum‐level human gut microbiota composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Koliada ◽  
Vladislav Moseiko ◽  
Mariana Romanenko ◽  
Oleh Lushchak ◽  
Nadiia Kryzhanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Evidence was previously provided for sex-related differences in the human gut microbiota composition, and sex-specific discrepancy in hormonal profiles was proposed as a main determinant of these differences. On the basis of these findings, the assumption was made on the role of microbiota in the sexual dimorphism of human diseases. To date, sex differences in fecal microbiota were demonstrated primarily at lower taxonomic levels, whereas phylum-level differences between sexes were reported in few studies only. In the present population-based cross-sectional research, sex differences in the phylum-level human gut microbiota composition were identified in a large (total n = 2301) sample of relatively healthy individuals from Ukraine. Results Relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, as determined by qRT-PCR, were found to be significantly increased, while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in females compared to males. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Females had 31 % higher odds of having F/B ratio more than 1 than males. This trend was evident in all age groups. The difference between sexes was even more pronounced in the elder individuals (50+): in this age group, female participants had 56 % higher odds of having F/B ratio > 1 than the male ones. Conclusions In conclusion, sex-specific differences in the phylum-level intestinal microbiota composition were observed in the Ukraine population. The F/B ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Further investigation is needed to draw strong conclusions regarding the mechanistic basis for sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota composition and regarding the role of these differences in the initiation and progression of human chronic diseases.

A Crucial Role for Diet in the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Attaye ◽  
Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma ◽  
Hilde Herrema ◽  
Max Nieuwdorp
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been shown to considerably alter gut microbiota composition and function. Moreover, several diet-derived microbial metabolites are able to modulate human metabolism and thereby alter CMD risk. Dietary interventions that affect gut microbiota composition and function are therefore a promising, novel, and cost-efficient method to reduce CMD risk. Studies suggest that fermentable carbohydrates can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and function, whereas high animal protein and high fat intake negatively impact gut microbiota function and composition. This review focuses on the role of macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and dietary patterns (e.g., vegetarian/vegan and Mediterranean diet) in gut microbiota composition and function in the context of CMD.

The interplay between gut microbiota and the immune system in liver transplant recipients and its role in infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ancona ◽  
Laura Alagna ◽  
Andrea Lombardi ◽  
Emanuele Palomba ◽  
Valeria Castelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

Liver transplantation (LT) is a life-saving strategy for patients with end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma and acute liver failure. LT success can be hampered by several short-term and long-term complications. Among them, bacterial infections, especially due to multidrug-resistant germs, are particularly frequent with a prevalence between 19 and 33% in the first 100 days after transplantation. In the last decades, a number of studies have highlighted how gut microbiota (GM) is involved in several essential functions to ensure the intestinal homeostasis, becoming one of the most important virtual metabolic organs. GM works through different axes with other organs, and the gut-liver axis is among the most relevant and investigated ones. Any alteration or disruption of GM is defined as dysbiosis. Peculiar phenotypes of GM dysbiosis have been associated to several liver conditions and complications, such as chronic hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, there is growing evidence of the crucial role of GM in shaping the immune response, both locally and systemically, against pathogens. This paves the way to the manipulation of GM as a therapeutic instrument to modulate the infectious risk and outcome. In this minireview we provide an overview of the current understanding on the interplay between gut microbiota and the immune system in liver transplant recipients and the role of the former in infections.

scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF HIV-INFECTION: THE ROLE OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN PROGRESSION OF DISEASE

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
I. G. Mustafin ◽  
V. A. Anokhin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Modern Knowledge

Hyperactivaion of immme system is considered by most investigators as importantfactor, contributing to progression of HIV-infection and development ofAIDS. In the review modern knowledge about mechanisms and results of activation of immune system during HIV-infection are presented. HIV itself, opportunistic pathogens and components of gut microbiota, first of all, endotoxins ofgram-negative bacteria are considered as probable "activators" of immune system. High levels of endotoxin and markers of immune activation are associated with an even greater rate of progression of HIV-infection.

scholarly journals Mental health status and resilience of female prisoners with an interventional role of physical activity

2019 ◽  
pp. 488-495
Author(s):  
Mohamad Reza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehary ◽  
Mahmood Reza Mottaghy Shahri ◽  
Fatemeh Mohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Female Prisoners

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of gut microbiota and xenobiotics

2015 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Bojic ◽  
Svetlana Golocorbin-Kohn ◽  
Maja Stojancevic ◽  
Momir Mikov ◽  
Ljiljana Suvajdzic
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganisms ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Bacterial Genes

The intestine habitat is the natural collection of symbiotic microorganisms. The bacterial population enables many permanent metabolic activities in this environment. Inside the intestine of mammals there are an extended genome of millions of bacterial genes named microbiome. In recent years, there has been an increased interest of scientists to discover the place and the role of bio-ecological content and modulation of gut microbiota in a host organism using prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, which may have a great benefit for human health.

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