scholarly journals Study of Fiddler Crab (Uca sp.)Community in Mangrove Ecosystem of Mangrove Areas Curahsawo Probolinggo, East Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Agung Riswandi ◽  
Endang Yuli H ◽  
Mulyanto Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Uca Lactea

Fiddler crab (Uca sp.)one of the crabs that inhabit the intertidal area, especially around the mangrove forest research was conducted in the mangrove areas Curahsawo, district of Gending, Probolinggo, East Java in April 2017. The aim of this study is to determine the structure community violin crabs in the mangrove areas Curahsawo Probolinggo. The measured parameters namely pH, soil organic matter and soil texture. Sampling point there are three stations, namely station 1 is mangrove area, station 2 is in the pond area, the station 3 is the estuary area. Results of measurement of environmental quality at the location of research is soil pH among 7.09 to 8.03, soil organic matter among 1.027% to 3.106%, and the type of soil is sandy clay and dusty clay. fiddler crabs are found in mangrove ecosystem Curahsawo there are 6 types of Uca rosea, Uca lactea, vocans Uca, Uca perplexa, dussumieri Uca, Uca demani. The highest density of crabs is Uca perplexa as much as 16 ind/m2, the lowest type of Uca demani 4 ind/m2. Value diversity fiddler crabs in mangrove ecosystem Sawo relatively standart is 1,56. The value of existing dominance is 0,96. Index violin crab distribution patterns in the Mangrove Ecosystem Munitions Sawo is uniform for Uca lactea, Uca vocans, Uca dussumieri , Uca demani and clumped to Uca rosea and Uca perplexa. The result of the spread of  fiddler crab to the type of soil texture is very visible on the Uca perplexa since spread across all points of soil sampling with the number 6 ind/m2 to 16 ind/m2 in the texture of  clay and sandy loam.

scholarly journals The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Václav Voltr ◽  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Martin Hruška ◽  
Eduard Pokorný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models

The content of organic matter in the soil, its labile (hot water extractable carbon–HWEC) and stable (soil organic carbon–SOC) form is a fundamental factor affecting soil productivity and health. The current research in soil organic matter (SOM) is focused on individual fragmented approaches and comprehensive evaluation of HWEC and SOC changes. The present state of the soil together with soil’s management practices are usually monitoring today but there has not been any common model for both that has been published. Our approach should help to assess the changes in HWEC and SOC content depending on the physico-chemical properties and soil´s management practices (e.g., digestate application, livestock and mineral fertilisers, post-harvest residues, etc.). The one- and multidimensional linear regressions were used. Data were obtained from the various soil´s climatic conditions (68 localities) of the Czech Republic. The Czech farms in operating conditions were observed during the period 2008–2018. The obtained results of ll monitored experimental sites showed increasing in the SOC content, while the HWEC content has decreased. Furthermore, a decline in pH and soil´s saturation was documented by regression modelling. Mainly digestate application was responsible for this negative consequence across all soils in studied climatic regions. The multivariate linear regression models (MLR) also showed that HWEC content is significantly affected by natural soil fertility (soil type), phosphorus content (−30%), digestate application (+29%), saturation of the soil sorption complex (SEBCT, 21%) and the dose of total nitrogen (N) applied into the soil (−20%). Here we report that the labile forms (HWEC) are affected by the application of digestate (15%), the soil saturation (37%), the application of mineral potassium (−7%), soil pH (−14%) and the overall condition of the soil (−27%). The stable components (SOM) are affected by the content of HWEC (17%), soil texture 0.01–0.001mm (10%), and input of organic matter and nutrients from animal production (10%). Results also showed that the mineral fertilization has a negative effect (−14%), together with the soil depth (−11%), and the soil texture 0.25–2 mm (−21%) on SOM. Using modern statistical procedures (MRLs) it was confirmed that SOM plays an important role in maintaining resp. improving soil physical, biochemical and biological properties, which is particularly important to ensure the productivity of agroecosystems (soil quality and health) and to future food security.

Soil texture affects the coupling of litter decomposition and soil organic matter formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 108302
Author(s):  
Gerrit Angst ◽  
Jan Pokorný ◽  
Carsten W. Mueller ◽  
Isabel Prater ◽  
Sebastian Preusser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Formation

scholarly journals Spatial control of carbon dynamics in soil by microbial decomposer communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Pagel ◽  
Björn Kriesche ◽  
Marie Uksa ◽  
Christian Poll ◽  
Ellen Kandeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Microbial Succession ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Spatial Control ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Turnover ◽  
Microbial Decomposer ◽  
Modelling Approach

<p>Trait-based models have improved the understanding and prediction of soil organic matter dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Microscopic observations and pore scale models are now increasingly used to quantify and elucidate the effects of soil heterogeneity on microbial processes. Combining both approaches provides a promising way to accurately capture spatial microbial-physicochemical interactions and to predict overall system behavior. The present study aims to quantify controls on carbon (C) turnover in soil due to the mm-scale spatial distribution of microbial decomposer communities in soil. A new spatially explicit trait-based model (SpatC) has been developed that captures the combined dynamics of microbes and soil organic matter (SOM) by taking into account microbial life-history traits and SOM accessibility. Samples of spatial distributions of microbes at µm-scale resolution were generated using a spatial statistical model based on Log Gaussian Cox Processes which was originally used to analyze distributions of bacterial cells in soil thin sections. These µm-scale distribution patterns were then aggregated to derive distributions of microorganisms at mm-scale. We performed Monte-Carlo simulations with microbial distributions that differ in mm-scale spatial heterogeneity and functional community composition (oligotrophs, copiotrophs and copiotrophic cheaters). Our modelling approach revealed that the spatial distribution of soil microorganisms triggers spatiotemporal patterns of C utilization and microbial succession. Only strong spatial clustering of decomposer communities induces a diffusion limitation of the substrate supply on the microhabitat scale, which significantly reduces the total decomposition of C compounds and the overall microbial growth. However, decomposer communities act as functionally redundant microbial guilds with only slight changes in C utilization. The combined statistical and process-based modelling approach derives distribution patterns of microorganisms at the mm-scale from microbial biogeography at microhabitat scale (µm) and quantifies the emergent macroscopic (cm) microbial and C dynamics. Thus, it effectively links observable process dynamics to the spatial control by microbial communities. Our study highlights a powerful approach that can provide further insights into the biological control of soil organic matter turnover.</p>

scholarly journals Booklet development based on research identification of fiddler crab (Uca spp.) diversity in mangrove ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ajizatunnisa Ajizatunnisa ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Lud Waluyo ◽  
Fuad Jaya Miharja
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
The University ◽  
Self Learning ◽  
Product Specifications

The purpose of this development study is to develop research-based booklet for the identification of fiddler crab (Uca spp.) diversity. Some people do not yet know the ecological benefits of fiddler crabs. This is apparent when some people take fiddler crabs to serve as decorative crabs. The product specifications expected in the development of this medium are booklets. Therefore, it takes a companion learning media that can lead the local community to implement self-learning in the form of booklet because their interest of reading is very less, especially when reading a book that is colorless and has a lot of words. Booklet that is packed with interesting and accompanied by pictures is an alternative solution. The development method used in the research is Exploration, Explanation, and Evaluate (3E) model. The research was conducted by developing the research result into a booklet based on the diversity of fiddler crabs in mangrove ecosystem. The booklet validation consists of two lecturers from the Department of Biology Education at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang which is a material expert and learning media expert. The result of this research is booklet very valid with the percentage of material expert validity 81.25% and learning media expert 95.13%.

scholarly journals Full Season Control of Japanese Beetle Grub Control with Merit, NH, 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Japanese Beetle

Abstract The trial was conducted 10 May on a golf course rough, Amherst, NH. Plots were 10 X 10 ft, replicated 4 times, in a RCB design. Merit WP was applied in 4 gal water/1000 ft2 with a watering, can. Merit G granules were applied with a homemade salt shaker. Treatments were irrigated with 0.5 inch water after application. Plots were rated 30 Sep by counting the number of live grubs per 1 ft2. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature 70°F; wind, 3 MPH; sky, clear; soil temperature, 1 inch, 60°F; thatch depth, 0.5 inch soil pH, 5.4; slope 0%; soil texture, silt loam, 47% sand, 50% silt, 3% clay; soil organic matter, 6.9%; soil moisture, 21.8%.

Effect of Soil Organic Matter on the Phytotoxicity of Thirteens-Triazine Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rahman ◽  
L. J. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
High Water ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
High Water Solubility

The influence of soil organic matter on the initial and residual phytotoxicity of thirteens-triazine herbicides was investigated in greenhouse experiments using three Horotiu sandy loam soils with organic matter levels of 9.8, 15.5, and 20.6%. The amount of herbicide required to reduce the growth of oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Mapua’) by 50% (GR50) when compared with the control was determined for each herbicide and each organic matter level. Results showed that the GR50values for all herbicides were highly and positively correlated with the soil organic matter. In general, the phytotoxicity of compounds of high water solubility was less influenced by soil organic matter than those having low water solubility. The chloro-triazines persisted longer in soil than did the methoxy- or methylthio-triazines. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] and atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] were the most persistent of the chloro-triazines.

scholarly journals Changes in soil organic matter over 70 years in continuous arable and ley-arable rotations on a sandy loam soil in England

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Johnston ◽  
P. R. Poulton ◽  
K. Coleman ◽  
A. J. Macdonald ◽  
R. P. White
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

The influence of microbial communities, management, and soil texture on soil organic matter chemistry

Geoderma ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stuart Grandy ◽  
Michael S. Strickland ◽  
Christian L. Lauber ◽  
Mark A. Bradford ◽  
Noah Fierer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Texture

Fungal and arboreal biomass in a western Oregon Douglas-fir ecosystem: distribution patterns and turnover

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fogel ◽  
Gary Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Soil Hyphae

The allocation of biomass and the turnover time of various components were measured from August 1976 to August 1977 in a young, second-growth Douglas-fir stand in the Oregon Coast Range. Allocation of biomass among the tree components was 14 732 kg foliage ha−1, 30 455 kg branches ha−1, 212 941 kg boles ha−1, 49 289 kg nonmycorrhizal roots ha−1, and 15 015 kg host portion of mycorrhizae ha−1. Biomass allocation of fungal components was 10 009 kg mycorrhizal mantles ha−1, 2785 kg Cenococcumgeophilum sclerotia ha−1, 65 kg sporocarps ha−1, 369 kg litter hyphae ha−1, and 6666 kg soil hyphae ha−1. The forest floor was composed of 6970 kg fine (<2 mm) litter ha−1, 6564 kg coarse (2–25 mm) litter ha−1, and 5500 kg log (>25 mm) litter ha−1. Soil organic matter (<0.494 mm) was 87 600 kg ha−1. Total annual stand throughput was 30 324 kg ha−1, excluding soil organic matter throughput. Of this total, 50.5% was accounted for by fungal throughput, 39.5% by tree throughput, and 10.0% by forest floor throughput.

scholarly journals Soil organic matter and labile fractions depend on specific local parameter combinations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Ortner ◽  
Michael Seidel ◽  
Sebastian Semella ◽  
Thomas Udelhoven ◽  
Michael Vohland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Specific Parameter

Abstract. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an indispensable component of terrestrial ecosystems. Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics are influenced by a number of well-known abiotic factors such as clay content, soil pH or pedogenic oxides. These parameters interact with each other and vary in their influence on SOC depending on local conditions. To investigate the latter, the dependence of SOC accumulation on parameters and parameter combinations was statistically assessed that vary on a local scale depending on parent material, soil texture class and land use. To this end, topsoils were sampled from arable and grassland sites in southwestern Germany at four regions with different soil parent material. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a distinct clustering of data according to parent material and soil texture that varied largely between the local sampling regions, while land use explained PCA results only to a small extent. The obtained global and the different local clusters of the dataset were further analyzed for the relationships between SOC and mineral phase parameters in order to assess specific parameter combinations explaining SOC and its labile fractions. Analyses were focused on soil parameters that are known as possible predictors for the occurrence and stabilization of SOC (e.g. fine silt plus clay and pedogenic oxides). Regarding the global dataset, we found significant correlations between SOC and its labile fractions hot water-extractable C (HWEC) and microbial biomass C (MBC), respectively and the predictors, yet correlation coefficients were partially low. Mixed effect models were used to identify specific parameter combinations that significantly explain SOC and its labile fractions of the different clusters. Comparing measured and mixed effect models-predicted SOC values revealed acceptable to very good regression coefficients (R² = 0.41–0.91). Thereby, the predictors and predictor combinations clearly differed between models obtained for the whole data set and the different cluster groups. At a local scale site specific combinations of parameters explained the variability of organic matter notably better, while the application of global models to local clusters resulted in less sufficient performance. Independent from that, the overall explained variance generally decreased in the order SOC > HWEC > MBC, showing that labile fractions depend less on soil properties than on organic matter input and turnover in soil.

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