scholarly journals Recycling of Cotton Dust for Organic Farming is a Pivotal Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers by Composting and Its Quality Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ashik AHMED ◽  
Pranta ROY ◽  
Md. Hakimuzzaman SHAH ◽  
Debobrata Paul ARGHA ◽  
Debbrata DATTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Cotton Dust ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers

scholarly journals Can Organic Sources of Nutrients Increase Crop Yields to Meet Global Food Demand?

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadish Timsina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Global Food

Meeting global demand of safe and healthy food for the ever-increasing population now and into the future is currently a crucial challenge. Increasing crop production by preserving environment and mitigating climate change should thus be the main goal of today’s agriculture. Conventional farming is characterized by use of high-yielding varieties, irrigation water, chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides to increase yields. However, due to either over- or misuse of chemical fertilizers or pesticides in many agro-ecosystems, such farming is often blamed for land degradation and environmental pollution and for adversely affecting the health of humans, plants, animals and aquatic ecosystems. Of all inputs required for increased agricultural production, nutrients are considered to be the most important ones. Organic farming, with use of organic sources of nutrients, is proposed as a sustainable strategy for producing safe, healthy and cheaper food and for restoring soil fertility and mitigating climate change. However, there are several myths and controversies surrounding the use of organic versus inorganic sources of nutrients. The objectives of this paper are: (i) to clarify some of the myths or misconceptions about organic versus inorganic sources of nutrients and (ii) to propose alternative solutions to increase on-farm biomass production for use as organic inputs for improving soil fertility and increasing crop yields. Common myths identified by this review include that organic materials/fertilizers can: (i) supply all required macro- and micro-nutrients for plants; (ii) improve physical, chemical and microbiological properties of soils; (iii) be applied universally on all soils; (iv) always produce quality products; (v) be cheaper and affordable; and (vi) build-up of large amount of soil organic matter. Other related myths are: “legumes can use entire amount of N2 fixed from atmosphere” and “bio-fertilizers increase nutrient content of soil.” Common myths regarding chemical fertilizers are that they: (i) are not easily available and affordable, (ii) degrade land, (iii) pollute environment and (iv) adversely affect health of humans, animals and agro-ecosystems. The review reveals that, except in some cases where higher yields (and higher profits) can be found from organic farming, their yields are generally 20–50% lower than that from conventional farming. The paper demonstrates that considering the current organic sources of nutrients in the developing countries, organic nutrients alone are not enough to increase crop yields to meet global food demand and that nutrients from inorganic and organic sources should preferably be applied at 75:25 ratio. The review identifies a new and alternative concept of Evergreen Agriculture (an extension of Agroforestry System), which has potential to supply organic nutrients in much higher amounts, improve on-farm soil fertility and meet nutrient demand of high-yielding crops, sequester carbon and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, provide fodder for livestock and fuelwood for farmers and has potential to meet global food demand. Evergreen Agriculture has been widely adapted by tens of millions of farmers in several African countries and the review proposes for evaluation and scaling-up of such technology in Asian and Latin American countries too.

scholarly journals Cementing the Organic Farming by Green Manures

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Bishal Bista ◽  
Sagar Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soil Available Nutrients ◽  
Modern Era

In this modern era of chemicals, the haphazard use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides and weedicide is becoming a great concern. Accumulation and magnification of those toxic materials in soil is degrading soil health and also affects the human health indirectly. Hence, Agriculture is concentrating more towards organic, sustainable and eco-friendly measures of production. Provision of healthy organic products is a great challenge for modern agriculturist (Farmers). Organic farming relies on judicious use of FYM, Compost, Vermicompost, Green manures and several other factors. Green manures are organic sources for amelioration of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Furthermore, Green manure conserves the soil available nutrients and suppresses the losses incurred due to erosion, leaching etc. Not only that, Green manure inhibits the several disease, pests and weeds.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 87-96 

scholarly journals Sustainable agriculture through organic farming in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Rajkaranbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
Organic Products

Organic products are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible approach. Organic agriculture is developing rapidly and today 186 countries produce organic food commercially. Currently, only 1.5 percent of the world’s agricultural land is farmed organically. The status of organic farming in India is bestowed with lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to its various agro climatic regions. In several parts of the country, the inherited tradition of organic farming is an added advantage. This holds promise for the organic producers to tap the market which is growing steadily in the domestic market related to the export market. India ranks 9th in terms of World’s organic agricultural land and 1st in terms of total number of producers. The popularity of organic food is growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are thought to be healthier and safer. As per the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoAFW), 2.78 million ha was covered under organic farming in India which is about 2 per cent of the 140.1 million ha net sown area in the country. Of this, 1.94 million ha (70%) area is under National Project on Organic Farming NPOP, 0.59 million ha (21.5%) under Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY), 0.07 million ha (2.6 %) under Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North East Region (MOVCDNER) and 0.17 million ha (6.1% ) under state schemes or non-schemes. The certified organic production for all crop categories stood at 2.6 million metric tons.in 2018-19. Sugar crops (sugarcane), oilseeds, cereals and millets, fiber crops, pulses, medicinal, herbal and aromatic plants, and spices/condiments are the highest produced organic commodities in India. However, the Indian organic food industry is curtailed by multiple challenges including reduced farm production per hectare, a general apprehension among farmers to forego the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and higher storage and transportation costs due to the lack of preservatives required for long-term storage. The states should step up their action in a concerted way to promote organic and natural farming. States can play an instrumental role in helping farmers sell their organic and natural produce by developing organic value chains, procuring organic produce and helping farmers get remunerative prices.

scholarly journals Secondary and Micronutrient Management Practices in Organic Farming- An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 04-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Anand ◽  
H.D Shiva Kumar ◽  
Poojitha Kommireddy ◽  
K.N.Kalyana Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Food

Modern agriculture, no doubt has paved the way for “Green Revolution”, but it has led to the application of heavy doses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with the sole objective of maximizing the yield. The unbalanced and continuous use of chemical fertilizers in intensive cropping system is causing deterioration of soil health, multi-nutrient deficiencies, low productivity, poor quality and environmental hazards. Poor quality of food and fodder has caused serious health problems and disorders in both animals and human beings. Now, the agriculture research is focused on evolving ecologically sound, biologically sustainable and socio economically viable technologies like organic farming which includes local organic sources of nutrients without using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Adoption of organic farming minimizes the environmental pollution and maintain long-term soil fertility by improving soil organic matter and essential plant nutrients including secondary and micronutrients. For producing quality food by sustaining the soil productivity and soil health are the challenges before us on one side and minimizing the pressure on non renewable sources or limited available sources on other hand needs immediate attention by all the stakeholders engaged in agriculture. Application of technologies available in organic farming and use of all locally available organic sources particularly on farm biomass which are rich in secondary and micronutrients will meet the twin objective of quality food production and reducing the pressure on non renewable resources.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Knowledge Test on Organic Farming Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
Priti Priyadarshni ◽  
R. N. Padaria ◽  
R. R. Burman ◽  
Rashmi Singh ◽  
Sanjoy Bandyopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Innovation Adoption ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
And Control

The present study has attempted to develop a knowledge test on organic farming techniques mainly on organic manures and pesticides. Heavy reliance on synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as growing awareness of health and environment have been attracting farmers toward organic farming. There is a need of more adoption of efficient organic techniques by farmers to get better and quality yields. The first stage of innovation adoption process is the knowledge stage. To analyze the knowledge gap about the organic farming techniques, a knowledge test was developed. The study was conducted in Gaya district of Bihar with randomly selected 45 farmers using organic techniques and 25 farmers as control. Initially 25 items were selected based on its content validity. Finally, 10 items were retained with reliability of 0.796, dicriminination index of >0.2, and significant t-test between the treated and control groups.

The Search for Pre-Modern Wisdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
The West ◽  
Peasant Agriculture ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Over time, the myth of the peasant origins of the organic farming movement has come to prominence amongst those who advocate organic farming methods, with the belief being that, through his writings on organic farming, Howard had bequeathed to the West the ancient wisdom of the East. This chapter traces the origins of the organic farming protocols to Albert Howard, rather than pre-industrial peasant agriculture among the Hunza. It highlights that the Indore Methods of composting solved a practical need to raise soil fertility without the cost of chemical fertilizers, and draws attention to the unique accomplishments of Albert and Gabrielle Howard at Indore.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Farmer’s Chemical Fertilizers Consumption and Water Pollution in Northeastern Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Hosein Mohammadi ◽  
Abdolhamid Moarefi Mohammadi ◽  
Solmaz Nojavan
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
General Information ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Main Activity

Pollution by fertilizers containing nitrogen is one of the most significant sources of water pollution, and agriculture sector has a considerable share in this type of pollution. In this study, factors affecting the level of contamination of surface and underground water resources by agricultural activities were examined. Data of 254 wheat farmers in the plain of Mashhad in Khorasan Razavi province in Iran were used for investigating the effect of some explanatory variables on the level of water pollution utilizing Ordered Logit Regression Model. The results show that main activity of farmers, years of experience, the level of education, awareness of organic farming, level of income, price of fertilizers and irrigation method have significant effect on the amount of fertilizers utilized by farmers and hence the level of water resources pollution. Efforts for decreasing pollution of water resources require strategies such as changing the main activity of farmers, increase the cost of using chemical fertilizers, create economic incentives for organic farming, and increase general information and knowledge of farmers.

scholarly journals Importance of Organic Farming in Economy with Special Reference to Sikkim

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3635-3638
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Premium Price ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Growing Population

Ever wondered why people aren’t healthy as they use to be these days and why the generation is facing new health problems? Manmade chemicals cause the environment to get poisoned and everybody’s health is at risk? How we went from a healthy nation to a sick nation? This is because of three dangers that threaten our food security i.e, chemical fertilizers, pesticide and genetically modified crops. The government invest the collected taxes to subsidies these chemical fertilizers. In the year 2009, the government spent 98000 crore rupees on subsidizing chemical fertilizers. Although the fertilizers provide food for the plant they are unhealthy for them as they are artificially produced. It also percolates and gets mixed with the ground water. Along with chemical fertilizers the farmers also uses chemical pesticides. This pesticide not only kills specific pest but also many friendly organisms. People are getting health conscious these days. They are ready to pay a premium price for good chemical free products. Organic products have the quality of satisfying the wants of this era. In this paper I tried to study the importance of organic farming in this growing population and how can it be a tool of economic development. I have based the study of organic farming on Sikkim as this

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria

2018 ◽  
pp. 318-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Chandra ◽  
Pallavi ◽  
Anupam Barh ◽  
Ishwar Prakash Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Ground Water Pollution ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Conventional agriculture plays a substantial role in meeting the food demands of a growing human population, which has led to an increased reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Chemical fertilizers are industrially manipulated substances and composed of known amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In appropriate and misuse use of chemical fertilizers causes air and ground water pollution by eutrophication of water bodies and causing health problem in human. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to emphasize the importance and use of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) as a gateway to sustainable agriculture that could ensure plant productivity and quality agricultural practices in an environment friendly manner. In this respect, efforts have been made to products of nutrient rich high-quality food in feasible way to ensure bio-safety. The innovative aspect of farm production attracts the need of biological based organic fertilizers, an exclusive alternative to agro-chemicals. Organic farming is one of such strategies that not only ensures food safety but also adds to the biodiversity of soil. The eco-friendly approaches trigger a wide range of application of PGPB that leads to improved plant growth, soil health, nutrient uptake and plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. PGPB is an essential component of organic farming and play crucial role in maintaining long term soil fertility and sustainability and would be a viable alternative for farmers to increase productivity per unit area in organic farming for an era of prosperity and clean environment.

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