scholarly journals THE ROLE OF STATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN TRANSITION CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1549-1552
Author(s):  
Anita Cucoviċ
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Complete Failure

One of the most significant socio-economic challenges at the beginning of the new millennium has been the transformation of post-socialist systems into systems that can meet the challenges of a predominantly capitalist world economy.Multinational companies become directly involved in this transition process when acquiring in one of the former socialist economies, especially when engaging in local businesses. They are confronted with a particular institutional environment that pre-determines strategic opportunities for the enterprise and limits the application of Western firms business practices and organizational concepts. Thus, the strategies observed in transition countries are different from those applied in successful and developed economies, and strategies that prove successful in one country may be a complete failure in another. Corporate strategies in transition countries and other emerging markets can only be explained by including a specific institutional context in the analysis. This creates challenges that are fundamentally different from the experience of managers of developed countries and firms with foreign business partners. a particular challenge is the acquisition and subsequent integration of state-owned enterprises.

The Evolution of the Role of Women in Labor Markets in Developed Economies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Elisabeth T. Pereira ◽  
Stefano Salaris
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
And Gender

The role of women in labor markets has been characterized by great changes in the last century, with gender inequalities decreasing in most developed countries. The stereotypes related to women in labor markets have been hard to break within social norms and cultures. Many efforts have been made in recent decades by governments and national and international institutions to decrease and promote women's empowerment and gender equality in labor markets. This chapter has as its main purposes to provide an overview of the evolution of the role of women in labor markets in developed countries and to investigate this evolution based on a set of variables: gender participation rates, education, employment, the gender gap in management, wages and the gender wage gap, and public policies and laws. However, despite the positive evolution of the participation rate of women in labor markets that has been observed in recent decades, gender inequalities still persist.

Youth Employability in WB Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Jovan Zubovic ◽  
Dejana M. Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Transitional Countries

Transition in WB countries was supposed to enable the establishment of a better economic system. However, not all transitional countries have been conducting appropriate follow-up activities during their transition process. Success of transition depended on the country's internal factors and on their pre-transition economic situation? In all WB countries privatization led to high unemployment rates, low GDP growth and poor living standards especially for youth. At the same time, the transition has had positive effects in other transition countries like the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia etc. The aim of this paper is to research a position of the youth in WB transition countries including Serbia, Montenegro, B&H, and Macedonia. The paper will follow the changes in youth unemployment in the period 2000 to 2014 in WB, other transition and EU15 countries. Comparisons of the achieved youth unemployment levels will give the opportunity to determine which the good practices are used in other developed countries that have resulted with significantly lower youth unemployment rates.

scholarly journals The Effect of Internal and External Conflicts on the Country Trade and Economic Growth: Case from Emerging and Developed Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Elham Jafarzadeh ◽  
He Shuquan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
The Impact

The current study investigates the impact of internal conflicts and external conflicts on the overall trade of a country, imports and exports in both developed and emerging markets. The study has used 128 countries for the estimation with data collected from the world bank for the period of 1996 and 2016 using the Hausman test. The results of the random effect showed that internal conflicts and external conflicts have negative impact on the imports and exports of countries in both developing and developed economies. The findings of the current study have several implications for both academicians and practitioners. The study has provided a deep insight in to the role of internal and external conflicts (a commonly emergent issue) for international trade and economic growth in both developing and developed countries. The current study has broadened the scope of literature on international finance and trade by providing a unique empirical examination on the role of conflicts in international trade and economic growth which is rarely been examined in the literature. Moreover, the study has some practical implications for the policymakers and government to make their international relations as such that to avoid internal and external conflicts if they want to increase international trade and economic growth. More specifically in developing countries there is more prevalence of internal and external conflicts which is the route cause of the lower level of international trade and is one of the important cause of lower level of economic growth.

scholarly journals VIEJAS PREGUNTAS, ¿VIEJAS RESPUESTAS?: ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES EN TORNO A LA CONVERGENCIA

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Bértola
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capital Humano

A partir de una presentación del desempeño de las economías de Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay en relación a un núcleo de economías desarrolladas en 1870-1990, este trabajo se concentra en explicar el cambio desde una posición de relativamente buen desempeño de las economías rioplatenses hasta principios del Siglo XX, hacia un proceso de progresiva divergencia. El abordaje enfatiza el estudio del crecimiento de la productividad de las economías agro-exportadoras en relación a los cambios tecnológicos e institucionales producidos a lo largo de toda la cadena de producción y comercialización nacional e internacional. Igualmente se refiere a las características de los mercados de factores para la determinación de patrones de distribución del ingreso, que afectan niveles relativos del PBI per capita y de los salarios en términos de paridad de poder de compra. Las determinantes de un buen desempeño hasta la década de 1910 parecen revertirse entre 1910-1930, de la mano de cambios profundos en los paradigmas tecno-económicos y de fuertes cambios socio-institucionales en las economías desarrolladas. Parece agotarse una modalidad de inserción internacional basada en el uso intensivo de factores naturales combinados con la revolución de los transportes terrestres y marítimos, a la vez que la herencia en términos de formación de capital humano dejada por el modelo agro-exportador augura muy fuertes dificultades para insertarse en los nuevos patrones de competencia internacional. Abstract On the basis of an overview of Argentine, Brazilian and Uruguayan growth in 1870-1990 and in relation to a core of developed countries, this paper focuses on the transition which Argentina and Uruguay went through, from a high relative performance to a process of cumulative divergence. The approach emphasizes the role of productivity growth in the agrarian export sector, as related to technological and institutional changes along the whole national and international productive and commerce chain. The paper also refers to the features of factor markets in shaping the pattern of income distribution, and on real per capita GDP and purchasing power parity real wage levels. The underlying forces of the relatively successful performance until the 1910s seem to have experienced a reversal in 1910-1930, together with deep changes in the techno-economic paradigm as well as in the socio-institutional environment in the developed economies. The pattern of foreign trade, based on an intensive use of natural resources combined with the benefits of the transport revolution, both terrestrial and maritime, seemed to have come to n end. The heritage of the agrarian export-led growth in terms of poor human capital formation, anticipates the difficulties which those economies should face in relation to the emerging patterns of international competition.

Insurance Regulation in Aid of Development in the Third World: A Look at the Republic of Ghana

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Francis Achampong
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Insurance Regulation ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Third World

The role of law as a tool in aid of development is extremely important to less developed economies. In the area of insurance where insurers act as mobilisers of vast amounts of capital, the importance of regulation as a tool facilitating development cannot be overemphasised.In recognition of the increasing importance of insurance activity to the economies of less developed countries, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development has played a leading role in helping developing countries fashion regulatory systems that maximise the contribution of their insurance industries to the development of their local economies.This paper looks at the importance of insurance to the Ghanaian economy and discusses the use of insurance regulation to aid development. The paper first looks at insurance in relation to the national economy as a whole, examining how regulation is used to fulfil the various aspects of the industry's importance in aid of development. The paper then looks at the industry and the important sections of the economy, considering how regulation aids development in these areas by fulfilling the various objectives of the industry.

scholarly journals Will the global economic crisis induce seismic geopolitical changes?

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-236
Author(s):  
Goran Nikolic ◽  
Predrag Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
The U.S

The paper begins with an analysis of the causes of strong rebalancing of the world economy at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, which leads to weakening of the relative economic importance of developed countries. Then, the authors analyze whether we are in the process of creating a new multilateral geopolitical stage and how much has become important the role of some groups of countries (BRIC and G20). The authors analyze the changes in the global financial architecture defined after World War II under the predominant US influence. In the next two sections the authors first discus how the global crisis will affect the geopolitical constellation and second, they present some estimates that the U.S. dominance, with some dispersion of its global power, could be retained. The authors have concluded that not any of constant geopolitical elements in the leading world countries has substantially changed since 2007, although the economic supremacy of developed economies has significantly decreased in comparison with developing countries and China, in particular. The U.S. leadership is not just a result of its economic and military superiority, but it also results from the relative attractiveness of its ideas and values. So, it is hard to believe that a strong geopolitical reconfiguration could be caused by the global economic crisis, especially in the medium term.

scholarly journals The role of management accountant in enterprises operating in Poland

2017 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Ewelina Zarzycka
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Management Accountant ◽  
Management Accountants ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The role of management accountant in enterprises operating in Poland The short period of the functioning of management accounting in enterprises operating in Central and Eastern Europe may suggest that advanced professional models identified by management accounting researchers and described in world literature have not developed in this region. The main objective of the study was to identify the role of a management accountant in enterprises operating in Poland as compared to international solutions. The set objective has been met thanks to the analysis of the information includ-ed in job offers seeking management accountants. The obtained results show that in enterprises operating in Poland, management accountants play the role of in-house business consultants strongly oriented towards matters of the organisations for which they work. However, they do not participate in the deci-sion-making processes on equal terms with other managers, which means that they are not business partners yet. The study broadens the existing state of knowledge by adding a description of the current level of development of the role of management accountants in Poland as compared to the concepts considered to be models in developed countries. It is also a starting point for further, more detailed re-search on the development of this profession in Central and Eastern European countries, which to date has not been a subject of research. null

scholarly journals The Role Of ICT And The Internet In The Development Of Franchise Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Stefanović ◽  
Milica Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
On Line

AbstractFranchising is a business format which is becoming a global phenomenon in the contemporary business. Franchise systems extensively use modern information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance communication among franchisors and franchisees, and to provide interaction with end users. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of using the modern technology in franchise systems globally and need for more intensive use of ICT in our country and in neighboring countries, based on the comparative analysis of using the ICT and Internet in developed and less developed economies. The research was conducted through a comprehensive on-line analysis of franchisors’ web sites. In this paper, it is analyzed whether there is a connection between the franchisors and franchisees linking through web site and the number of given franchise. Correlation analysis showed a statistically significant strong positive correlation between the use of the web site for linking franchisors and their franchisees and the number of franchise units. It can be concluded that less use of modern technology and the Internet in developing countries affects the slower expansion of the franchise units network than in developed countries where the use of ICT and the Internet is at a much higher level.

Impact of Entrepreneur's Environmental Attitudes on Corporate Environmental Responsibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vallari Chandna
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Corporate Environmental Responsibility ◽  
The Impact

The impact of personal characteristics, beliefs, values and attitudes of the entrepreneur on firm's culture and business practices, is substantive. These aspects of the founder coupled with the institutional environment of the firm, affect the investment, efforts and involvement of the firm in a multitude of activities. With regard to activities that impact the natural environment, this paper argues that the environmental attitudes of entrepreneurs have a strong influence on the corporate environmental responsibility (CER) of the firm that are in turn moderated by the need for legitimacy by new entrepreneurial firms. The role of imprinting is examined to understand how founders' attitudes impact their firm's CER activities. A further contribution is the creation of a taxonomy of sub-categories of CER activities that illustrate the level of engagement of the firm.

Advertising in the Developing Economies

1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Reed Moyer ◽  
Briance Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Economies

Though advertising in less developed countries lacks the scope and level of development existing in more prosperous economies, it still exists. It is called on to perform the functions associated with advertisiny in the developed economies, but it does so under vastly different conditions. This article points up some of those differences and also traces the role of advertising in the developmental process. A statistical analysis shows the linkage between economic growth and the growth of advertising as countries develop economically.

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