Dactyloscopy over the centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szczepański ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Electronic Banking ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Strong Position

Dactyloscopy as a method of human identification has, at the end of the second decade of the 21st century, an established, strong position, demonstrating itself in the whole range of tools available to law enforcement authorities to support investigations. Thanks to the development and popularization of modern biometric technologies, dactyloscopy is increasingly entering the sphere of non-police applications, used by millions of people every day, e.g. logging into electronic banking or unlocking access to smartphones with a finger. In many cultures, the interest in finger and hand skin ridges goes back thousands of years. Initially, it concerned an intentional creative process in the form of rock drawings, but with time, features were noticed in fingerprints that allow to distinguish and identify people. This process began in China more than two thousand years ago, while Europeans did not pay attention to fingerprints until the 17th century. However, it was not until the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries that a real revolution has begun, which changed the ability to verify human identity.

THE USE OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGY IN THE TRAINING OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Сергей Александрович Грязнов
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Traditional Training ◽  
The Future

Несколько лет назад об идее обучения сотрудников правоохранительных органов посредством виртуальной реальности (VR) не могло быть и речи, прежде всего, из-за высокой стоимости данной технологии. Сегодня виртуальная реальность стала технически зрелой, затраты снизились, а технологии широко распространились по многим профессиям. Можно уверенно сказать, что правоохранительным органам нужны лидеры, обладающие навыками и компетенциями XXI в., выходящими за рамки традиционного обучения. Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение (на зарубежном примере) важности применения технологии виртуальной реальности для обучения сотрудников правоохранительных органов. Автором сделан вывод о том, что использование виртуальной реальности в обучении - это наиболее эффективный способ передачи информации. Данные технологии обучения можно использовать для безопасного повышения квалификации, чтобы в будущем избежать реальных рисков. A few years ago, the idea of training law enforcement officers through virtual reality (VR) was out of the question, primarily because of the high cost of this technology. Today, virtual reality has become technically mature, costs have decreased, and technology has spread widely across many professions. We can confidently say that law enforcement agencies need leaders with skills and competencies of the 21st-century that go beyond traditional training. The purpose of this article is to consider (on a foreign example) the importance of using virtual reality technology for training law enforcement officers. The author concluded that the use of virtual reality in training is the most effective way of transmitting information. These training technologies can be used for safe professional development in order to avoid real risks in the future.

Orientalism Revisited

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-230
Author(s):  
Elvan Ozkavruk Adanir ◽  
Berna Ileri
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Orientalism is a Western and Western-centric broad field of research that studies the social structures, cultures, languages, histories, religions, and geographies of countries to the east of Europe. The term took on a secondary, detrimental association in the 20th century which looks down on the East. However, this chapter will not dwell on the definition of Orientalism that is debated the most; instead, it will discuss the positive contribution of Orientalism to Western culture. Even though the West otherizes the East in daily life, when it comes to desire, vanity, luxury, and flamboyance without hesitating a moment it adopts these very elements from the Eastern culture. It could be said that this adaptation brings these societies closer in one way or another. The highly admired fashion of Orientalism in the West starting from the 17th century until the 21st century will be the focus of this study.

Non-Consensual Image Sharing

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Jessica Klein ◽  
Kristen Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Internet Privacy ◽  
Image Sharing ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Non-consensual image sharing is a 21st-century concern at the intersection of some of the most difficult challenges of our time: sexual trauma, victims’ rights, internet privacy, and free speech. Also known as non-consensual pornography, technology-facilitated violence, and revenge pornography, the phenomenon occurs when sexually explicit, nude or semi-nude photos are distributed without the consent of the individual pictured. This chapter explores non-consensual image sharing research and discusses trends as well as future questions that have yet to be answered about the pervasiveness of this problem. It is asserted that research on the impact of cyber sexual exploitation on victims is needed, as are initiatives that integrate victim resources, tools for law enforcement, and technical resources to identify and remove content.

scholarly journals Words and Pictures: Rāmāyaṇa Traditions and the Art of Ekphrasis

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Subhashini Kaligotla
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Standard View ◽  
South Asian Studies ◽  
Epic Poem

This article examines two ambitious enactments of the Rama story or Rāmāyaṇa, side by side: the 17th-century painted Mewar Rāmāyaṇa and Vālmīki’s epic poem (ca. 750–500 BCE). Through a formal analysis of two crucial episodes of the tale, it highlights the creative tactics of each medium and stresses their separate aesthetic interests and autonomy. While A. K. Ramanujan’s notion of the “telling” has been immensely influential in South Asian studies to theorize the Rāmāyaṇa’s multiplicity, that concept tends to privilege speech-based embodiments. I propose, by contrast, that ekphrasis may be a more broadly applicable lens. Understanding ekphrasis as an enactment of the Rama story in any medium or in interart media, I advocate for considering poetry and painting on an equal plane as opposed to the standard view of the Mewar paintings as visual translations of linguistic phenomena. Ekphrasis, as a gateway to the maker’s creative process and preoccupations, is central to the paper’s argument, as is the role receivers play in the act of Rāmāyaṇa making.

scholarly journals Supporting people in mental health crisis in 21st-century Britain

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 231-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Molodynski ◽  
Stephen Puntis ◽  
Em Mcallister ◽  
Hannah Wheeler ◽  
Keith Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Current System ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Mental Health Needs ◽  
Health Crisis

Recent years have seen a surge in interest in mental healthcare and some reduction in stigma. Partly as a result of this, alongside a growing population and higher levels of societal distress, many more people are presenting with mental health needs, often in crisis. Systems that date back to the beginning of the National Health Service still form the basis for much care, and the current system is complex, hard to navigate and often fails people. Law enforcement services are increasingly being drawn into providing mental healthcare in the community, which most believe is inappropriate. We propose that it is now time for a fundamental root and branch review of mental health emergency care, taking into account the views of patients and the international evidence base, to ‘reset’ the balance and commission services that are humane and responsive – services that are fit for the 21st century.

The Economics of Online Crime

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Moore ◽  
Richard Clayton ◽  
Ross Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Black Markets ◽  
Electronic Banking ◽  
Criminal Networks ◽  
Malicious Software ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bank Card ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
National Borders

This paper will focus on online crime, which has taken off as a serious industry since about 2004. Until then, much of the online nuisance came from amateur hackers who defaced websites and wrote malicious software in pursuit of bragging rights. But now criminal networks have emerged—online black markets in which the bad guys trade with each other, with criminals taking on specialized roles. Just as in Adam Smith's pin factory, specialization has led to impressive productivity gains, even though the subject is now bank card PINs rather than metal ones. Someone who can collect bank card and PIN data, electronic banking passwords, and the information needed to apply for credit in someone else's name can sell these data online to anonymous brokers. The brokers in turn sell the credentials to specialist cashiers who steal and then launder the money. We will examine the data on online crime; discuss the collective-action aspects of the problem; demonstrate how agile attackers shift across national borders as earlier targets wise up to their tactics; describe ways to improve law-enforcement coordination; and we explore how defenders' incentives affect the outcomes.

Race and policing in historical context: Dehumanization and the policing of Black people in the 21st century

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akwasi Owusu-Bempah
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Black People ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Advance Research

Too little consideration has been given to conceptualizing race within mainstream criminological scholarship. One consequence of this oversight is the existence of a stale debate over the causes of racial disparities in crime and criminal justice outcomes. This article draws upon intersectionality to present an historical analysis of the policing of African Americans. The article argues that the concept of dehumanization helps explain the structural inequalities that produce crime within African American communities and the presence of racism within law enforcement agencies. The discipline may advance research in this area by adopting a constructionist racialization framework.

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