MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) nitrate – an atypical salt form or a new trend in the drug market?

2017 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Robert Bachliński ◽  
◽  
Małgorzata Galarda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Salt Form ◽  
Scanning Electron

The article presents a case involving an appearance of an atypical 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the form of nitrate on the illicit drug market. This compound can be identified only by using such analytical methods as capillary electrophoresis (CE) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which are not routinely applied to forensic analyses of this type of substances. Therefore, particular caution should be exercised whenever a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method unambiguously identifies a substance, yet infrared spectroscopy fails to confirm this result.

A Study of the Materials of Pontormo's “Portrait of Alessandro de' Medici”

2004 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Sutherland ◽  
Beth A. Price ◽  
Irma Passeri ◽  
Mark Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTIn studies of the materials of old master paintings, the characterization of thin and degraded layers often presents unusual challenges for routinely used methods of analysis. This paper discusses analyses performed as part of a study of the materials and techniques of Pontormo's “Portrait of Alessandro de’ Medici” (1534–5) carried out during a recent cleaning and restoration of the painting. Pontormo built up the portrait using a complex sequence of preparation, drawing and paint layers, the analysis of which was complicated further in some areas by the presence of degraded materials on the paint surface. The materials used for the various stages of preparation and painting were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS), Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The focus of this paper will be the particular approaches taken to the characterization of the preparation layers and degraded surface materials.

Electrochemical oxidation of lignin for the production of value-added chemicals on Ni-Co bimetallic electrocatalysts

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 951-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziyeh Ghahremani ◽  
John A. Staser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractLignin has been submitted to electrochemical oxidation in the presence of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and Ni-Co bimetallic electrocatalysts, which were prepared by a simple electrochemical deposition process. The composition and morphology of the catalyst were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). The effects of the three electrocatalysts on the electrochemical oxidation of lignin were observed by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The degradation products were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The rate of electrochemical oxidation of lignin is higher with Ni-Co bimetallic electrocatalyst with higher Co contents and the main products obtained were vanillin, apocynin and 3-methylbenzaldehyde.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA AKTIF EKSTRAK DAUN CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) SEBAGAI INHIBITOR Streptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Usep Suhendar ◽  
Sogandi Sogandi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Bacterial Cell Membrane ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstrakKaries gigi adalah penyakit yang umum dialami oleh masyarakat yang terjadi karena buruknya kebersihan mulut. Kebiasaan masyarakat yang kurang menjaga kebersihan mulut mengakibatkan terbentuknya plak. Plak pada gigi terbentuk karena aktivitas dari berbagai macam mikroorganisme di mulut. Mikroorganisme yang diketahui terlibat dalam pembentukan karies gigi adalah Streptococcus mutans. Salah satu bahan alternatif sebagai antibakteri adalah daun cengkeh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif daun cengkeh dan mengetahui mekanisme aksinya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dimaserasi menggunakan metanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar, senyawa bioaktif diidentifikasi menggunakan gas chromatography mass spectrometry dan perubahan membran sel bakteri diamati dengan scanning electron microscopy. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak metanol daun cengkeh memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dengan zona hambat sebesar ±32 mm serta nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) 20% ekstrak. Mekanisme aksi penghambatan ekstrak daun cengkeh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri diduga dengan membuat lubang pada membran sel bakteri. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa daun cengkeh memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol-eugenol, caryophyllene 1,4,7,-cycloundecatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl, phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl), dan eugenol acetate yang dapat menjadi kandidat penghasil senyawa aktif untuk mengatasi karies gigi.Abstract Dental caries is a common disease experienced by people who do not maintain oral hygiene. Habits of not maintain oral hygiene result in the formation of plaque. The microorganism known to be involved in the formation of dental caries is Streptococcus mutans. Plants that have antibacterial properties, such as clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaf, can be an alternative for carrying this problem. This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds of clove leaves and to determine the mechanism of its action in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Clove leaves were macerated using 96% methanol for the extraction. Antibacterial activity was examined by agar diffusion method, bioactive compounds were identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and bacterial cell membrane changes were observed by an image captured using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the methanol extract of clove leaf had inhibitory activity on Streptococcus mutans growth, with inhibitory zones of ±32 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20% extract. It was suspected that the mechanism of inhibitory action is by making pores in the bacterial cell membrane. The results also showed that the clove leaves contain bioactive compounds of 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol-eugenol, caryophyllene, 1,4,7, -cycloundecatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl, phenol, 2 -methoxy-4- (2-propenyl), and eugenol acetate which can be candidates for producing active compounds to overcome dental caries.

scholarly journals Redox Mechanism of Azathioprine and Its Interaction with DNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6805
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Cristina Bunea ◽  
Victor-Constantin Diculescu ◽  
Monica Enculescu ◽  
Horia Iovu ◽  
Teodor Adrian Enache
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Redox Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Film ◽  
Scanning Electron

The electrochemical behavior and the interaction of the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine (AZA) with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were investigated using voltammetric techniques, mass spectrometry (MS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The redox mechanism of AZA on glassy carbon (GC) was investigated using cyclic and differential pulse (DP) voltammetry. It was proven that the electroactive center of AZA is the nitro group and its reduction mechanism is a diffusion-controlled process, which occurs in consecutive steps with formation of electroactive products and involves the transfer of electrons and protons. A redox mechanism was proposed and the interaction of AZA with DNA was also investigated. Morphological characterization of the DNA film on the electrode surface before and after interaction with AZA was performed using scanning electron microscopy. An electrochemical DNA biosensor was employed to study the interactions between AZA and DNA with different concentrations, incubation times, and applied potential values. It was shown that the reduction of AZA molecules bound to the DNA layer induces structural changes of the DNA double strands and oxidative damage, which were recognized through the occurrence of the 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine oxidation peak. Mass spectrometry investigation of the DNA film before and after interaction with AZA also demonstrated the formation of AZA adducts with purine bases.

scholarly journals Heroin Fatality in a Feline: A Case Report with Postmortem Liver Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Buchweitz ◽  
Justin Zyskowski ◽  
Andreas F Lehner
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quadrupole Mass ◽  
Liver Sample ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Deconvolution Techniques ◽  
Tandem Quadrupole ◽  
Strong Suspicion

Abstract A case of feline intoxication and fatality with the illicit drug heroin is described. A 5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was recently diagnosed with an active pneumonitis and left at home for a couple of days under the care of another resident. Upon return, the owner found his cat dead with strong suspicion of foul play. The cat was necropsied by a local veterinary clinic to retrieve the liver for diagnostic toxicology. The postmortem liver sample screened positive for 6-acetylmorphine and 6-acetylcodeine by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Deconvolution techniques were applied to chromatograms, which revealed the additional presence of morphine and mirtazapine. Subsequent quantitation of mirtazapine, heroin, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine and 6-acetylcodeine was performed by gas chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Although companion animal fatalities arising from toxicities are a likely consequence of drug abuse in a home, this is the first reported case of a malicious feline fatality resulting from heroin with quantitation of heroin metabolites.

Preparation of Borosilicate Xerogel and Research on its Mineralization

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 2059-2062
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Ya Dong Li ◽  
Gu Qiao Ding
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tributyl borate was first adopted for the introduction of boron in the preparation of bioactive borosilicate xerogel by sol-gel method. The xerogel reacted continuously in 0.25M K2HPO4 solution with a starting pH value of 7.0 at 37 °C for 1day. The structural, morphologies and compositional changes resulting from the conversion were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that speed of formation of HA was cut way back on the time with the addition of boron and the induction period for the HA nucleation on the surface of the borosilicate xerogel was short than 1 days. The conversion mechanism of the borosilicate xerogels to hydroxyapaptite was also discussed.

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