scholarly journals Energy security in the issues of national security

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-185
Author(s):  
Mateusz Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Main Research ◽  
State Security ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this article is energy security. An in-depth study of the literature on the subject and the analysis of normative documents allowed to formulate the main objective of the work, which is to describe energy security as a component of state security. The goal formulated in such a way creates the need to solve the main research problem of this study, presented in the form of a question: What is the significance of energy security as a component of state security? Achieving the assumed goal and solving the research problem was supported by studying the subject literature and normative documents, as well as the hypothesis that energy security is an important component of state security, and its role is constantly increasing, confirmed in the course of the study.

scholarly journals Elements of the Concept of National Security Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Wróblewski
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Security System ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Strategic Defense ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the article was to identify the subject areas related to the management of the proposals of some elements and to propose the concept of managing Poland's national security for the purposes of developing the act on national security management announced in the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland-2020. The main research problem was the question: What key elements and solutions should be included in the concept of national security management for the purpose of developing a draft act on national security management? The following hypothesis was adopted: The national security system should form a coherent, in terms of organization and functionality, system of interrelated management and executive bodies. Unfortunately, the existing national security system of the Republic of Poland does not fully meet the above requirements, which has already been signaled many times, for example during successive strategic national security reviews and strategic defense reviews. Moreover, the concept of national security management should, in particular, specify the answers to the following questions: 1) What is contemporary national security? 2) What is national security management? 3) What are the key challenges facing national security management? 4) What is the role of policy and strategy in national security management? 5) What should be the architecture of the national security management system during the war. The verification of the above hypothesis and answering the above questions required a critical analysis of legal acts, strategic documents and selected items of literature on the subject. The results of the author's many years of research in this area were also taken into account.

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION’S APPROACH TO ENERGY SECURITY IN POLAND AND THE BALTIC STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1/2020) ◽  
pp. 33-67
Author(s):  
Olga Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic

The subject of this paper encompasses US policy towards Poland and the Baltic States regarding energy security during Donald Trump’s presidency. It is discernible that vast domestic energy resources have created an opportunity for the US to project more power to these countries, and the surrounding region. We argue that Trump and his administration’s perceptions have served as an intervening variable in that opportunity assessment, in accordance with the neoclassical realist theory. The main research question addressed in this paper is whether US has used that opportunity to contribute to energy security in countries it has traditionally deemed as allies. Two aspects of US approach to energy security of the designated countries are taken into consideration: liquified natural gas exports and support for the Three Seas Initiative. The way Trump presented his policy and its results in his public statements has also been considered in this paper. The article will proceed as follows. The first subsection of the paper represents a summary of energy security challenges in Poland and the Baltic States. The second subsection is dedicated to the opportunity for the US to project energy power and to Trump’s perceptions relevant for the opportunity assessment. The third subsection deals with American LNG exports to these countries as a possible way for contributing to energy security in Poland and the Baltic States. The last part of the paper addresses the Three Seas Initiative and US approach to this platform.

scholarly journals O sędziach pokoju w pracach Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-280
Author(s):  
Mariusz Mohyluk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Justices Of The Peace ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article presents work on the unification of the Polish judiciary in the Second Republic in the years 1918–1928. It was carried out in three tracks. The initiator of the first moves consisting in unification of district regulations, reorganisation and taking over the judiciary was the government and the Ministry of Justice. Since February 1919, these measures were supported and approved by the Legislative Sejm (later the Sejm). Since November 1919 the burden of work was taken over by the Codification Commission of the Republic of Poland. The aim of this article is to discuss the course of work on the law on the system of common courts within the Codification Committee of the Republic of Poland, with particular emphasis on the provisions on justices of the peace. From this point of view, it will help to solve the main research problem of the article: to what extent did the Polish Codification Commission contribute to shaping the institution of justices of the peace in the Ordinance of the President of the Republic of Poland on Law on the System of Judiciary of 6 February 1928. The article makes use of archival materials, protocols from the sessions of the Codification Commission of the Second Polish Republic, the legal literature of the Second Republic and the current literature on the subject.

Development of Social Education in Russia in the Late XIX – Early XX Century: Spiritual and Moral Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
V.V. Sizikova ◽  
◽  
O.A. Anikeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Social Education ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

the subject of this research is formation and development of social education in Russia in the late XIX – early XX century in its moral and spiritual aspects. Social and pedagogical experiments in that period were merged with the process of origin and formation of social education. Search of the cultural axis of the professions aimed at the social help and support of the population became the feature of this process in Russia. The answer was found in an appeal to the theological aspects of social education. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of cultural and moral continuity and continuity of social education, as well as recognition of not only the social but also the spiritual value of social assistance. Research methods are complex: this is a comparative historical study, text analysis, stratification analysis and study of subcultures, a modeling method. The main research problem is the analysis of the correlation of standardization and formalization of social education and its spiritual and moral essence, the problem of motivating the activities of specialists in the social sphere and the threat of its emasculation. The findings of this study are important for meaningful formation of the modern social formation and determination of its spiritual and moral foundations.

Security of the State and National Security. Main Research Positions and the Practice of the Polish Legislator

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 40-73
Author(s):  
Waldemar Kitler
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Main Research ◽  
State Security ◽  
Organizational Activity ◽  
Organizational Activities ◽  
Polish Law

The author is of the opinion that the commonly accepted view about the identity, the concept, and the content of state security and national security in Poland is burdened with numerous flaws, which is confirmed by the legislative practice, planning, and the organizational activity of the state. The author poses a question whether mutual relationships between the concepts of state security and national security exist in the views of Polish theorists and in Polish legislation and, if they do, what they are. Of the methods of establishing the identity of state and national security and the mutual relationship between these terms, one of the ways to see the complexity of the issue is to refer to legislation. The author puts forward a hypothesis that both Polish law and the practical planning and organizational activities of public administration and other entities provide many arguments that these concepts are not identical, but there are strong axiological, epistemological, and ontological links between them. The author is convinced that determination of the domain of the concepts in question and the relationships between them will make it easier for public administration bodies to plan, organize, and carry out specific tasks in the field of security.

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of modern security threats. Definitions, typologies, evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rogozińska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Scientific Cognition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Economic

In the literature on the subject, the term “security” is accompanied by the terms “non-threatening state”, “non-threatening state of peace”, “state of peace”, “state of certainty”. The lexical meaning of the term (Latin sine cura – no worries) should be understood as a situation in which there are no threats. In the context of lexical meaning, the term security means a risk-free situation. Contemporary understanding of the term focuses its attention on learning security understood as the resultant of the theory and practice of providing a reference subject with the possibility of survival (existence) and the pursuit of own interests, particularly using opportunities, taking challenges, minimizing risk and counteracting all types of threats. Definitive approaches to the term security indicate that it should be understood as a state and process. The state of security should be understood as a sense of confidence of the subject and guarantee of its survival, while the process – as chance for improvement and development of state’s means to protect and defend it. The current catalog of security threats proposed by Barry Buzan was extended in the second half of the 20th century from military nature threats to threats of a political, economic, social, and environmental nature. These changes have redefined the modern understanding of security. The main research problem was formulated as the question: what are the theoretical aspects of contemporary security threats? The article aims to analyze and diagnose contemporary definitions of security and its threats. The research process uses methodological methods of scientific cognition, mainly analysis and criticism of literature.

scholarly journals Problems of Prioritization National Security interest of Energy import-dependent States (Case studies: Georgia and Lithuania)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Pirtskhelani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Research Question ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
National Energy Security

This paper focuses on studying the prioritization process of national interests of energy import-dependent states. In particular, considering the energy strategy formation processes of Georgia and Lithuania, it explores the interrelation among the objectives of supply security and national security challenges. The reason behind the choice of the given countries was that energy security policies of both countries were formed based on identical characteristics after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Analysis of the mentioned cases offers a good opportunity to explain how foreign policy threats affect national energy security decisions. The study also examines the major factors affecting prioritization of national security interests, providing a possibility to answer the main research question of the paper - what prompts states to pursue less rational policies in terms of energy security, justified by maintaining state sovereignty? Using the securitization concept, the paper also explains what leads to taking steps aimed at solving national security challenges, which may, in turn, lead to the emergence of new types of security challenges. Analysis of the mentioned cases offers a good opportunity to explain how foreign policy threats affect national energy security decisions, whether such threats cause new energy challenges to be subject to political interests and whether it is appropriate for states to pursue such energy policy with the motive of maintaining state sovereignty. The paper indicates that energy policies purely formed based on political interests, may not face the main energy security challenges of the country.

Changes in Polish Strategic Culture in the Context of Challenges and Threats of the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (34) ◽  
pp. 122-144
Author(s):  
Stanisław Zarobny
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Main Research ◽  
National Security Strategy

In the article the author presents the genesis and evolution of the research on strategic culture. He also conducts an analysis of the conditions and factors shaping the Polish strategic culture and the role of the Polish national security strategy in it. Attempts are also made to evaluate the Polish strategic culture, with an emphasis on the perception of the role of military forces in it. The main research problem is as follows: Is strategic culture really present in Poland and what were the conditions for its development? Specific questions to be answered are: What has characterized strategic culture in Poland? What factors have determined the shape of Polish strategic culture? What is its impact on foreign policy and Poland’s security? How are armed forces perceived in Polish strategic culture? The main conclusion is that Poland has its own strategic culture, which has been shaped by historical experience.

Subject-Entity Scope of State Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Aleksander Cezary Babiński ◽  
Janos Mika ◽  
Roman Ratusznyj
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

This study is based on the assumption that the primary aim of the emergence of states was to provide security and development opportunities for its citizens. This objective determines the method of exercising power, the applicable legal system reflecting the adopted norms of social coexistence, and the public administration system. It was also presumed that security is associated with a sense of threat and confidence. They can be both objective and subjective, which means that they can be measurable or not. Due to the fact that while there are no major problems with determining the definition of a state, there are still difficulties related to identifying the essence of security and, consequently, also the security of the state. Therefore, the paper is based on the results of the bibliographic method and presents an overview of representative outlooks on issues related to threats, security and national security. This was done by reference to works created on the basis of the law, political sciences, and security sciences. The work was divided into three parts. The first introduces the considerations. The second presents views allowing the nature of security to be determined, and the third part presents the subject-entity scope of state security and the determinants of that security.

The Role of the Border Guard in Ensuring National Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Iryna Surina
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Background: Border protection is an extremely important area in ensuring the national security of each country. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to show the role of the Polish Border Guard in the area of Poland’s national security. The Border Guard in Poland is responsible for ensuring state security and responding to emerging threats using available methods and tools. Methods: To identify the role of the Border Guard in maintaining state security, an analysis of the literature on the subject was made. Results: The role of the Border Guard in ensuring state security is extremely important. Conclusions: Today, security issues have become very important both from the point of view of the individual and the country.

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