scholarly journals Cohort risk sharing in Pakistan: Relative wage and consumption movements over time

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Syed Hassan Raza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Consumption Smoothing ◽  
University Education ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Group ◽  
The University ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Synthetic Panel

This study analyzes to which extent the distribution of consumption is affected by the relative wage movement among birth cohorts and education groups. Our empirical design is based on a synthetic panel constructed using repeated cross-sectional data from “Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan.” We limit our analysis to persons aged between 26 to 50 years at the time of survey. To see the evolution of change in income and consumption we measured growth by taking 6, 8- and 10-years’ difference respectively. The findings ascertained there is limited risk-sharing across cohort-education groups in Pakistan, but the measured extent of risk-sharing increases over longer horizons. Furthermore, we observe relatively higher consumption smoothing among the less educated people over the period of ten years. In the university education group, results reveal less consumption smoothing in the shorter, six- and eight-year time periods.  The study concludes that the relative risk-sharing over a decade is better in Pakistan than the shorter growth horizon.

scholarly journals Parent’s Knowledge and Awareness in Maintaining their Children's Oral Health: A Cross Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Talha Ashar ◽  
Asma Shakoor ◽  
Mustafa Sajid ◽  
Rabia Zafar ◽  
Mohsin Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The University ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Parents had a great role in prevention of child’s dental decay and special emphasis has been put on the maintenance of child oral hygiene status for achieving optimum health as early childhood caries is regarded as the major dental disease around the world. Our study aimed to evaluate knowledge and awareness of the parents regarding oral hygiene of the children. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to August 2019 in Nishtar Institute of dentistry, Multan. Total 300 parents of 4 to 9-year-old children were enrolled in the study. Detailed demographics including age, education, and monthly income were recorded. The questionnaire regarding oral health was designed and data was collected through that self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed by SPSS 24.0. Results: About 7% of Parent’s were uneducated, 38.5% got the school education, 15.5% got the college education and 39% got the university education. Only 32% parents were aware of proper brushing technique while 68% were unaware. 56% parents said that the sweets, chocolates and junk food are not good for oral health while 44% denied this. 46% parents told that their children complained about teeth and 42% parents visited the dentist for their children. Conclusions: There is a need to improve the knowledge and practices of parents and children about the oral hygiene maintenance to aid in reducing the oral health problems in future.

scholarly journals Análisis del nivel de inclusión y posibles barreras de las técnicas de desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional y en particular del mindfulness en el área de Educación física en la ESO (Analysis of the inclusion level and possible barriers of the developm

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 562-572
Author(s):  
Sandra Constantino Murillo ◽  
José Antonio Navia Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
University Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Desarrollo Profesional ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
The University ◽  
University Training

  El objetivo fue analizar el nivel de penetración de técnicas de desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional (IE) y en particular del mindfulness, así como las posibles dificultades de la práctica en la clase de educación física (EF) percibidas por los docentes. Se elaboró un cuestionario tipo Likert con 20 ítems con cuatro dimensiones referidos a los docentes: formación universitaria, experiencia personal, desarrollo profesional y dificultades de aplicación en las clases y fue distribuido por internet al territorio Español siendo respondida por 79 docentes de EF de la etapa de Secundaria (41 mujeres y 38 hombres), con una media de edad de 38.5 ± 8.8. Para determinar la fiabilidad del cuestionario se realizó el análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio, se encontró otro modelo alternativo de cuestionario que permite más estudios con mayor índice de ajuste en los resultados. La metodología aplicada fue cuantitativa con un diseño transversal y procedimiento selectivo. Los resultados reflejaron que el 81% de los docentes recibieron una escasa formación universitaria frente a un 19% que afirmaron que sí la habían recibido. También se destacó el escaso desarrollo profesional (47% planificaban contenidos para desarrollar la IE, frente a un 53%), siendo ambos factores los que más dificultades generaron al incluir las técnicas de desarrollo de habilidades emocionales en las clases. Además se observó un efecto significativo en la edad, el sexo y los años de experiencia de los docentes (p≤ .05) en la inclusión de técnicas de desarrollo de la IE. Los resultados concluyeron que las dificultades más destacadas por los profesores son la escasa formación recibida en la universidad y el desconocimiento del mindfulness como técnica innovadora y sus beneficios.  Abstract. The objective was to analyze the level of inclusion of techniques for the development of emotional intelligence (EI) and mindfulness in particular, as well as the possible difficulties perceived by the teachers when imparting a physical education (PE) class. A Likert-type questionnaire of 20 items spread amongst four dimensions (university education, personal experience, professional development, and difficulties in applying it in class) was developed and distributed online within the Spanish territory. 79 PE teachers of the secondary school answered the questionnaire (41 women and 38 men), with an average of 38.5 ± 8.8 years. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, an exploratory and confirmatory analysis was carried out, bringing as result an alternative questionnaire model which provided a higher reliability index of adjustment in the results. The applied methodology was quantitative with a cross-sectional design and selective procedure. The results reflected that 81% of teachers received little university training compared to 19% who stated that they had received it, the scarce professional development was also highlighted (47% planned content to develop EI, compared to 53%), both factors representing the main source of difficulties generation for teachers when including emotional skills development techniques in their classes. In addition, a significant impact was observed in the age, gender and years of experience of the teachers (p≤ .05) including EI development techniques. The results concluded that the most notable difficulties for the teachers are: the scarce training received at the university and the ignorance of mindfulness as an innovative technique and its benefits.

What Determines The Migration Intentions Of University Students?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Heiko Haase ◽  
Arndt Lautenschläger
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Intention To Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

AbstractThe paper aims at exploring determinants of the university students' intentions to stay within their university region. At this, we presume that students' career choice motivations are related to their professional intentions, which again, along with demographic characteristics, affect their migration decision. Our analysis is based on a cross-sectional study of 2,353 students from three different higher education institutions, two of them located in Germany and one in Namibia. Results indicate that in Germany migration matters because a considerable proportion of students intend to leave the university region after graduation. At this, we found that the students' geographical provenance exerts the most significant effect on the intention to stay. Moreover, certain professional intentions were directly and some career choice motivations were indirectly linked with the intention to remain at the university location. We present several conclusions and implications.

Factors Influencing Academic Stress on Students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nham Phong Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Quy ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen ◽  
Hong Tra My ◽  
Tran Nhu Phu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
National University ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of seven factors causing academic stress on students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University: Lack of leisure time, Academic performance, Fear of failure, Academic overload, Finances, Competition between students, Relationships with university faculty. Based on the results of a practical survey of 185 students who are attending any courses at the University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University, the study assesses the impact of stress factors on students. The thesis focuses on clarifying the concept of "stress" and the stress level of students, while pointing out its negative effects on students. This study includes two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys. The first survey uses a set of 16 questions to assess students’ perceptions and attitudes based on an instrument to measure academic stress - Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The second survey aims to test internal consistency, the robustness of the previously established 7-factor structure. Henceforth, the model was brought back and used qualitatively, combined with Cronbach’s Alpha measurement test and EFA discovery factor analysis. This study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019. From these practical analyzes, several proposals were made for the society, the school and the students themselves.

HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Risk-Taking Behaviours among Youths at a University in Enugu, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada C. Nwaneri ◽  
Okwudili Callistus Ezike ◽  
Agnes N. Anarado ◽  
Ifeoma Ndubisi ◽  
Jane-Lovena Onyia-Pat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
The University ◽  
Hiv Aids

 A national sentinel survey of 2006 shows that Enugu State in south-eastern Nigeria is the worst hit by HIV infections. Despite numerous control strategies having been implemented, the state was still reported by another national HIV sentinel survey in 2010 as the worst hit by HIV/AIDS within the zone, and that youths are the most affected. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional descriptive survey to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk-taking behaviours of youths at a federal university in Enugu, south-eastern Nigeria. They adopted a multistage sampling method to recruit 460 unmarried, consenting students between 15 and 30 years of age, from three faculties of the university. Almost 90 per cent of the university youths had a sound knowledge of key concepts related to HIV/AIDS; despite this, a subset (7.39%) still engaged in risk-taking behaviours. The major risky behaviours identified include having premarital sex, having multiple sexual partners, the sharing of shaving or razor blades, the use of public clippers and tribal marking. Although an analysis of variance demonstrated no significant relationship (t = −0.036) between university youths’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS and their related risk-taking behaviour, risky behaviours were found to be more (13%) among respondents who had insufficient or incorrect knowledge of the disease. An analysis of covariance, however, showed that gender and socio-economic backgrounds were not determinants of the HIV/AIDS risk-taking behaviours of these youths. Therefore, factors such as attitude or culture are areas that should be focused on, and should then, along with educational awareness campaigns, help to reduce the spread and prevalence of the disease.

Hindrance to the Integration of e-learning Adoption in Nigerian Universities

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Abasiama G. Akpan ◽  
Chris Eriye Tralagba
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
University Education ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
University System ◽  
Electronic Learning ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Nigerian University ◽  
The University

Electronic learning or online learning is a part of recent education which is dramatically used in universities all over the world. As well as the use and integration of e-learning is at the crucial stage in all developing countries. It is the most significant part of education that enhances and improves the educational system. This paper is to examine the hindrances that influence e-learning in Nigerian university system. In order to have an inclusive research, a case study research was performed in Evangel University, Akaeze, southeast of Nigeria. The paper demonstrates similar hindrances on country side. This research is a blend of questionnaires and interviews, the questionnaires was distributed to lecturers and an interview was conducted with management and information technology unit. Research had shown the use of e-learning in university education which has influenced effectively and efficiently the education system and that the University education in Nigeria is at the crucial stage of e-learning. Hence, some of the hindrances are avoiding unbeaten integration of e-learning. The aim of this research is to unravel the barriers that impede the integration of e-learning in universities in Nigeria. Nevertheless, e-learning has modified the teaching and learning approach but integration is faced with many challenges in Nigerian University.

The Sinful University?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel James Cook
Keyword(s):  
University Education ◽  
Moral Failure ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University

There is a difference between doing something well and doing something good. And there is a difference between failing to do something well, and failing to do something good. In this paper, I assess our contemporary University in the latter sense of failure. While the University can be ineffective, or fail to function well, there is more at stake if the University, as an institution, is in conflict with nature. That is, it is one thing for the University to be ineffective in its means, but here I will pose the question: is the contemporary University sinful? Using Josef Pieper's elucidation of moral failure and John Henry Newman's analysis of the proper ends of University education, I defend the thesis that because the aim of our contemporary University seems to come in conflict with the goal of nature as a whole, it may be understood as sinful.

WORK-BASED LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: EXPERIENCE AND CHALLENGES OF LEARNERS, WORKPLACES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Roosipõld ◽  
Krista Loogma ◽  
Mare Kurvits ◽  
Kristina Murtazin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Constructivist Learning Theory ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Restaurant Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Constructivist Learning

In recent years, providing higher education in the form of work-based learning has become more important in the higher education (HE) policy and practice almost in all EU countries. Work-based learning (WBL) in HE should support the development of competences of self-guided learners and adjust the university education better to the needs of the workplace. The study is based on two pilot projects of WBL in HE in Estonia: Tourism and Restaurant Management professional HE programme and the master’s programme in Business Information Technology. The model of integrative pedagogy, based on the social-constructivist learning theory, is taken as a theoretical foundation for the study. A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with the target groups. The data analysis used a horizontal analysis to find cross-cutting themes and identify patterns of actions and connections. It appears, that the challenge for HE is to create better cooperation among stakeholders; the challenge for workplaces is connected with better involvement of students; the challenge for students is to take more initiative and responsibility in communication with workplaces.

Correlation of Glycemic Control Parameters in Non-Diabetic Persons with Cardiovascular Risk Scores - Results from a Cross- Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Gina Botnariu ◽  
Norina Forna ◽  
Alina Popa ◽  
Raluca Popescu ◽  
Alina Onofriescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Fasting Glycaemia ◽  
The University

To assess the correlation between main parameters of glycemic control and cardiovascular risk scores in non-diabetic persons. Risk scores were calculated by using the University of Edinburgh Risk Calculator. Risk scores are used to estimate the probability of cardiovascular disease in individuals who have not already developed major atherosclerotic disease. We correlated the results of these scores with the parameters that describes the glycaemic profile: preprandial glicaemia, HbA1c and 1 hour and 2 h post-prandial glycaemia, determined during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).Both fasting glycaemia and HbA1c significantly correlated with cardiovascular risk scores calculated for a period of 10 years. The recorded post-prandial glycaemic values at 1h and 2h after glucose loading didn�t significantly correlate with calculated scores, in the study group. The observed correlations underline the importance of glycaemia in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

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