scholarly journals Therapeutic Indications of the Ketogenic Diet: A Integrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Natália Cíntia de Oliveira ◽  
Gleice Kelly de Sousa ◽  
Durval Ribas Filho
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Therapeutic Aspect ◽  
Restrictive Diet ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

The ketogenic diet (KD), a restrictive diet, is mainly characterized by high-fat content, low or no carbohydrate content, and low or normal protein content. This review aimed to address the main syndromes or diseases in which the therapeutic use of KD can be beneficial. One of the main clinical indications of KD has been, for some time, in the treatment of epilepsy refractory to the use of medications, with satisfactory results in the control of seizures. Recently, studies have addressed the metabolism of ketone bodies caused by KD, in the adjuvant treatment of tumors and endocrine disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, with promising results. In this work, the therapeutic aspect of KD was analyzed, as an aid in the control of pre-existing diseases, and that being a very restrictive diet with controversial effects, its use may be limited and it is not advisable to maintain it for long periods or without the proper follow-up.

scholarly journals An effective medical replacement therapy: ketogenic diet for intractable childhood epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Ansh Chaudhary ◽  
Bhupendra Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restrictive Diet ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides

Ketogenic diet (KD) a high fat, adequate protein and low carbohydrate restrictive diet has a long history of its use in intractable epilepsy of childhood. The diet produces biochemical changes mimicking that of starvation. The high levels of ketone bodies produced by KD act as a major source of energy for brain replacing the usual glucose.1 Comprising the ratio of 4:1 (fat:carbohydrate and protein) by weight, the diet produces state of ketonemia or ketosis that leads to reduction in frequency of epileptic seizures by is unique mode of action. To increase the palatability medium chain triglycerides (as coconut oil) in ratio of 3:1 is used which is more efficiently absorbed and have lesser gastro intestinal side effects as compared to traditional 4:1 ratio diet with long chain triglycerides like PUFA

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet Enhances the Cholesterol Accumulation in Liver and Augments the Severity of CCl4 and TAA-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2934
Author(s):  
Yi-Jen Liao ◽  
Yuan-Hsi Wang ◽  
Chien-Ying Wu ◽  
Fang-Yu Hsu ◽  
Chia-Ying Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Accumulation ◽  
Fibrosis Progression

Persistent chronic liver diseases increase the scar formation and extracellular matrix accumulation that further progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Nevertheless, there is no antifibrotic therapy to date. The ketogenic diet is composed of high fat, moderate to low-protein, and very low carbohydrate content. It is mainly used in epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the effects of the ketogenic diet on liver fibrosis remains unknown. Through ketogenic diet consumption, β-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) are two ketone bodies that are mainly produced in the liver. It is reported that bHB and AcAc treatment decreases cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. However, the influence of bHB and AcAc in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the ketogenic diet and ketone bodies in affecting liver fibrosis progression. Our study revealed that feeding a high-fat ketogenic diet increased cholesterol accumulation in the liver, which further enhanced the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, more severe liver inflammation and the loss of hepatic antioxidant and detoxification ability were also found in ketogenic diet-fed fibrotic mouse groups. However, the treatment with ketone bodies (bHB and AcAc) did not suppress transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced HSC activation, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-triggered proliferation, and the severity of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that feeding a high-fat ketogenic diet may trigger severe steatohepatitis and thereby promote liver fibrosis progression. Since a different ketogenic diet composition may exert different metabolic effects, more evidence is necessary to clarify the effects of a ketogenic diet on disease treatment.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Ketogenic Diet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Dupuis ◽  
Stéphane Auvin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathies ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) is an established and proven treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Recently, the KD is being explored for some inflammation-induced epileptic encephalopathies. Given the broad neuroprotective properties of the KD in various experimental models of neurological disorders, there are yet additional potential future uses. Consistent with this, there is growing evidence that the KD exerts anti-inflammatory activity. Ketone bodies, caloric restriction, and polyunsaturated fatty acids might be involved in the modulation of inflammation by the KD. This chapter reviews the evidence that, in part through anti-inflammatory effects, the KD holds promise in the treatment of certain epileptic disorders, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease.

Minireview: Effect of the ketogenic diet in excitable tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Murano ◽  
Anna Binda ◽  
Paola Palestini ◽  
Mirko Baruscotti ◽  
Jacopo C DiFrancesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extrahepatic Tissues

In the last decade Ketogenic Diet (KD) came to light as a potential treatment for a wide range of diseases, from neurological to metabolic disorders, thanks to a beneficial role mainly related to its anti-inflammatory properties. The high-fat, carbohydrate-restricted regimen causes changes in the metabolism leading, through the β-oxidation of fatty acids, to the hepatic production of ketone bodies (KBs), used by many extrahepatic tissues as energy fuels. Once synthetized, KBs move through the systemic circulation and reach all the tissues of the organism, affecting their functions and playing pleiotropic roles acting directly and indirectly on various targets as ion channels and neurotransmitters. Moreover, they can operate as signalling metabolites and epigenetic modulators. Therefore, it is limiting to consider that the clinical condition of each single patient could improve after a KD regimen based on its localized effects; rather it is more complete to think about how KBs might affect the organism as a whole. In this minireview, we tried to summarize the recent knowledge of the effects of KBs on various tissues, with a particular attention to the excitable ones, namely the nervous system, heart and muscles.

Therapeutic Ketosis Decreases Methacholine Hyperresponsiveness in Mouse Models of Inherent Obese Asthma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine M Mank ◽  
Leah F Reed ◽  
Camille J Walton ◽  
Madison LT Barup ◽  
Jennifer L Ather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ketone Ester

Obese asthmatics tend to have severe, poorly controlled disease and exhibit methacholine hyperresponsiveness manifesting in proximal airway narrowing and distal lung tissue collapsibility. Substantial weight loss in obese asthmatics or in mouse models of the condition decreases methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Ketone bodies are rapidly elevated during weight loss, coinciding with or preceding relief from asthma-related comorbidities. As ketone bodies may exert numerous potentially therapeutic effects, augmenting their systemic concentrations is being targeted for the treatment of several conditions. Circulating ketone body levels can be increased by feeding a ketogenic diet or by providing a ketone ester dietary supplement, which we hypothesized would exert protective effects in mouse models of inherent obese asthma. Weight loss induced by feeding a low-fat diet to mice previously fed a high-fat diet was preceded by increased urine and blood levels of the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Feeding a ketogenic diet for three weeks to high-fat diet-fed obese mice or genetically obese db/db mice increased BHB concentrations and decreased methacholine hyperresponsiveness without substantially decreasing body weight. Acute ketone ester administration decreased methacholine responsiveness of normal mice, and dietary ketone ester supplementation of high-fat diet-fed mice decreased methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Ketone ester supplementation also transiently induced an 'anti-obesogenic' gut microbiome with a decreased Fermicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Dietary interventions to increase systemic BHB concentrations could provide symptom relief for obese asthmatics without the need for the substantial weight loss required of patients to elicit benefits to their asthma through bariatric surgery or other diet or lifestyle alterations.

Adult outcome after treatment of pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma: long-term follow-up of a single consecutive institutional series of 22 patients with more than 5 years of survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tryggve Lundar ◽  
Bernt Johan Due-Tønnessen ◽  
Radek Frič ◽  
Petter Brandal ◽  
Paulina Due-Tønnessen
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Long Term Survivors

OBJECTIVEEpendymoma is the third most common posterior fossa tumor in children; however, there is a lack of long-term follow-up data on outcomes after surgical treatment of posterior fossa ependymoma (PFE) in pediatric patients. Therefore, the authors sought to investigate the long-term outcomes of children treated for PFE at their institution.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of outcome data from children who underwent treatment for PFE and survived for at least 5 years.RESULTSThe authors identified 22 children (median age at the time of surgery 3 years, range 0–18 years) who underwent primary tumor resection of PFE during the period from 1945 to 2014 and who had at least 5 years of observed survival. None of these 22 patients were lost to follow-up, and they represent the long-term survivors (38%) from a total of 58 pediatric PFE patients treated. Nine (26%) of the 34 children treated during the pre-MRI era (1945–1986) were long-term survivors, while the observed 5-year survival rate in the children treated during the MRI era (1987–2014) was 13 (54%) of 24 patients. The majority of patients (n = 16) received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 4 of these received proton-beam irradiation. Six children had either no adjuvant treatment (n = 3) or only chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment (n = 3). Fourteen patients were alive at the time of this report. According to MRI findings, all of these patients were tumor free except 1 patient (age 78 years) with a known residual tumor after 65 years of event-free survival.Repeat resections for residual or recurrent tumor were performed in 9 patients, mostly for local residual disease with progressive clinical symptoms; 4 patients underwent only 1 repeated resection, whereas 5 patients each had 3 or more resections within 15 years after their initial surgery. At further follow-up, 5 of the patients who underwent a second surgery were found to be dead from the disease with or without undergoing additional resections, which were performed from 6 to 13 years after the second procedure. The other 4 patients, however, were tumor free on the latest follow-up MRI, performed from 6 to 27 years after the last resection. Hence, repeated surgery appears to increase the chance of tumor control in some patients, along with modern (proton-beam) radiotherapy. Six of 8 patients with more than 20 years of survival are in a good clinical condition, 5 of them in full-time work and 1 in part-time work.CONCLUSIONSPediatric PFE occurs mostly in young children, and there is marked risk for local recurrence among 5-year survivors even after gross-total resection and postoperative radiotherapy. Repeated resections are therefore an important part of treatment and may lead to persistent tumor control. Even though the majority of children with PFE die from their tumor disease, some patients survive for more than 50 years with excellent functional outcome and working capacity.

Abstract P178: Dairy Consumption and Risk of Becoming Overweight or Obese in Middle-Aged and Older Women.

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rautiainen ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
I-Min Lee ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
Julie E Buring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
History Of

Background: Dairy products have been positively associated with weight loss and inversely associated with weight gain. However, limited number of studies has investigated the role of dairy consumption in the prevention of becoming overweight or obese. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how consumption of dairy products was associated with the risk of becoming overweight or obese among initially normal-weight women. Methods: We studied 19,180 women aged ≥45y from the Women’s Health Study free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and diabetes with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<25 kg/m 2 . Dairy intake was assessed through a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was defined as the sum of servings per day of low-fat dairy products (skim/low-fat milk, sherbet, yogurt, and cottage/ricotta cheese) and high-fat dairy products (whole milk, cream, sour cream, ice cream, cream cheese, other cheese, and butter). Women self-reported body weight along with obesity-related risk factors on baseline and annual follow-up questionnaires. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, we included the following covariates: baseline age, randomization treatment, BMI, smoking status, vigorous exercise, postmenopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, history of hypercholesterolemia, history of hypertension, multivitamin use, alcohol intake, total energy intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. Results: During a mean follow-up of 11.2y (216,979 person-years), 8,582 women became overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ). The multivariable-adjusted mean changes in body weight (95% confidence interval (CI)) during the follow-up were 3.9 (3.5-4.3), 3.9 (3.5-4.2), 3.8 (3.5-4.2), 3.7 (3.4-4.1), and 3.4 (3.0-3.7) lbs in quintiles 1-5 of total dairy consumption (P-trend: 0.01), respectively. In multivariable-adjusted analyses (Table 1) , women in the highest versus lowest quintile of had a rate ratio (RR) of 0.91 (0.84-0.98, P-trend: 0.16) of becoming overweight or obese. No associations were observed in highest quintiles of low-fat dairy and high-fat dairy intakes. Conclusion: Greater consumption of dairy products may be inversely ssociated with risk of becoming overweight or obese in women.

HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY -SIGNIFICANCE OF ADEQUATE TREATMENT: A STUDY OF 100 CASES IN NORTH BIHAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Vasudha Rani ◽  
Punam Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a nature's gift of humanity for procreation and continuation of its race. This gift is however fraught with several complications and has potential threat to the mother and the foetus. When pregnancy is compounded by endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, the potential for maternal and foetal adverse outcomes can be immense. While a lot of attention has been focused on the adverse foetal outcomes consequent to hypothyroidism, attention is also being gradually directed towards the adverse maternal outcomes of this disorder. Role of antibody positivity in inuencing outcomes in a euthyroid woman, also needs further clarication. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnancy is very essential. Subclinical hypothyroidism also needs to be detected and treated to prevent adverse outcomes, especially maternal. Since women with hypothyroidism during pregnancy, especially of the autoimmune variety might have a are up of the disorder post-partum, or might continue to require thyroxine replacement post-partum, adequate follow-up is mandatory. While targeted case nding is generally practised, recent evidence seems to indicate that universal screening might be a better option. In conclusion, routine screening, early conrmation of diagnosis and prompt treatment allied with regular post-partum follow up, is required to ensure favourable maternal and foetal outcomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document