scholarly journals Analysis of Frames with and Without Knee Bracing for Lateral Loads Using Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 486-489
Author(s):  
Kanishkavya K ◽  
Sivakumar D ◽  
Velumani M
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Strength Uniformity

Steel has become the predominate material for the construction of bridges, buildings, towers and other structures. Its great strength, uniformity light weight and many other desirable properties makes steel the material of choice for numerous structures such as steel bridges, high rise buildings, towers and other structures. The advantages in general credited to steel as a structural design material are high strength/weight ratio, ductility, predictable material properties, speed of erection structures, and quality of construction ease of repair, adaptation of prefabrication, repetitive use, expanding existing structures and fatigue strength. Steel structures should be stiff enough to limit the drift and should have enough ductility to prevent collapse. In this steel bracing provides an effective and economical solution for resisting lateral loads in a framed structure. Knee braced steel frame is that of excellent ductility and lateral stiffness. Since the knee element is properly fused, yielding occurs only to the knee element and no damage to major elements In this study, the effect  of different types of bracing in comparison  with knee braced steel frame are studied and analysed using software.

scholarly journals Dynamic Analysis of Steel Frame Structure (Regular in Plan) using Curved Bracing Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4159-4165
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Bracing System ◽  
Steel Frame Structure

Steel structures provide better resistance against lateral and various other combinations of loads. Steel structures have various advantages over RCC structures as they have high strength to weight ratio, uniformity, elasticity flexibility and take minimum time for erection (as large prefabricated structures are available). Steel is recyclable too. Bracing systems are well known to increase the stiffness of any type of structure. Using bracing system in steel structures increases the stiffness of the structures to a large extent. In present paper, the evaluation of different kinds of curved bracing system was carried out for steel framed structure while performing dynamic seismic analysis as per IS:1893:2016. The behavior and performance of various shaped of curved bracing was analyzed in software staad.pro and results were collected and represented in the form of tables, graphs and figures. For this purpose, 14 storey regular building was chosen and different geometric and design parameters were taken as per the codal provisions. The height of each floor was considered as 3.6m. Whereas, the plan of the building entails 6 x 6 bays in both the direction and the size of each panel was taken as 5 x 5m. After scrutinizing the results gathered, it can be concluded that ‘AV Arc’ bracing system is the most effective bracing system and it can be used effectively to resist lateral loads such as earthquake loads

Benefits of Using Diamond Dies for Cold Alternate Drawing of Magnesium Alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stefanov Hristov ◽  
Kazunari Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
High Ductility ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Shearing Strain ◽  
Drawing Method

In recent years, due to its low density and high strength/weight ratio, magnesium alloy wires has been considered for application in many fields, such as welding, electronics, medical field (for production of stents). But for those purposes, we need to acquire wires with high strength and ductility. For that we purpose we proposed alternate drawing method, which is supposed to highly decrease the shearing strain near the surface of the wire after drawing, by changing the direction of the wire drawing with each pass and thus acquiring high ductility wires.We have done research on the cold alternate drawing of magnesium alloy wires, by conducting wire drawing of several magnesium wires and testing their strength, hardness, structure, surface and also finite element analysis, we have proven the increase of ductility at the expense of some strength.In this research we are looking to further improve the quality of the drawn wires by examining the benefits of using diamond dies over tungsten carbine dies. Using the alternate drawing method reduces the strength of the drawn wires and thus lowering their drawing limit. By using diamond dies we are aiming to decrease the drawing stress and further increase the drawing limit of the alternate drawn wires and also improve the quality of the finishing surface of the wires. With this in mind we are aiming to produce a good quality wire with low diameter, high ductility, high strength and fine wire surface.

Aerial Steel Platform Overall Lifting Process and Stress Calculation

2014 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Shou Tao Yao ◽  
Wei Cheng Zhao ◽  
Qun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Project Construction

High-rise super large aerial platform project construction has been a greater danger, How to ensure the quality of components assembled and the safety of the construction project is worthy of study. Through finite element analysis on construction conditions of steel structures, ensures the hydraulic synchronous lifting and construction technology of high-altitude hoisting and assembly, greatly reduced the difficulty of installation, quality, safety, cost, schedule is guaranteed.

scholarly journals Mould Components Impact on Structure and Quality of Elektron 21 Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dybowski ◽  
A. Kiełbus ◽  
R. Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Sand Cast ◽  
Magnesium Casting ◽  
Metallic Inclusions

Abstract Magnesium alloys due to their low density and high strength-to-weight ratio are promising material for the automotive and aerospace industries. Many elements made from magnesium alloys are produced by means of sand casting. It is essential to investigate impact of the applied mould components on the microstructure and the quality of the castings. For the research, six identical, 100x50x20mm plates has been sand cast from the Elektron 21 magnesium casting alloy. Each casting was fed and cooled in a different way: one, surrounded by mould sand, two with cast iron chills 20mm and 40mm thick applied, another two with the same chills as well as feeders applied and one with only the feeder applied. Solid solution grain size and eutectics volume fraction were evaluated quantitatively in Met-Ilo program, casting defects were observed on the scanning electron microscope Hitachi S3400N. The finest solid solution grain was observed in the castings with only the chills applied. Non metallic inclusions were observed in each plate. The smallest shrinkage porosity was observed in the castings with the feeders applied.

Light Steel Thin -Walled Structures Composite Beam of Cellular Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 596-600
Author(s):  
AL-Hasnawi Yasser Sami Ghareb ◽  
Andrey V. Shevchenko ◽  
Omar Ismael Alhashimi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Reinforcement Bar ◽  
Cellular Concrete

The cost-efficient field design is very important in the civil engineering. Therefore, the cold-formed steel structures (CFS) are preferred for construction. A Sophisticated CFS structure which uses a Cellular Concrete is implemented in this paper. The utilization Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) structures have become increasingly popular in different fields of building technology. The reasons behind the growing popularity of these products include their fabrication ease, high strength/weight ratio and suitability for a wide range of applications. These advantages can result in more economic designs, as compared with hot-rolled steel, especially in short-span applications. In this project work an attempt to use a Cold formed steel section as replacement to conventional steel reinforcement bar has been made.

scholarly journals Implementation of the ultrasonic through-transmission technique for the elastic characterization of fiber-reinforced laminated composite

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (208) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Meza ◽  
Ediguer E. Franco ◽  
Joao L. Ealo
Keyword(s):  
Laminated Composites ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Transmission Technique ◽  
Laminated Materials

Laminated composites are widely used in applications when a high strength-to-weight ratio is required. Aeronautic, naval and automotive industries use these materials to reduce the weight of the vehicles and, consequently, fuel consumption. However, the fiber-reinforced laminated materials are anisotropic and the elastic properties can vary widely due to non-standardized manufacturing processes. The elastic characterization using mechanical tests is not easy, destructive and, in most cases, not all the elastic constants can be obtained. Therefore, alternative techniques are required to assure the quality of the mechanical parts and the evaluation of new materials. In this work, the implementation of the ultrasonic through-transmission technique and the characterization of some engineering materials is reported. Isotropic materials and laminated composites of carbon fiber and glass fiber in a polymer matrix were characterized by ultrasound and mechanical tests. An improved methodology for the transit time delay calculation is reported.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Steel to FRP Bonded Lap Joints in Marine Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çiçek Özes ◽  
Nurhan Neşer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Marine Applications

Steel structures coated with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have gained wide acceptance in marine industry due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, good protection from environmental degradation, and impact loads. In this study, adhesive bonding performance of single-lap bonded joints composed of steel coated with FRP has been investigated experimentally for three different surface roughness and two epoxy types. Single-lap bonded joints have been tested under tensile loading. The adhesive bonding performance has been evaluated by calculating the strain energy values. The results reveal that the surface roughness of steel has a significant effect on the bonding performance of steel to FRP combinations and the performance of the resin can be improved by using the primer in an economical way.

scholarly journals Pilot Demonstration of a Strengthening Method for Steel-Bolted Connections Using Pre-Formable Carbon Fiber Cloth with VaRTM

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2184
Author(s):  
Takahiro Matsui ◽  
Kohei Suzuki ◽  
Sota Sato ◽  
Yuki Kubokawa ◽  
Daiki Nakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Gusset Plates ◽  
Stepped Surfaces ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Stepped Surface

In recent years, many seismic retrofitting methods have been performed to improve the structural performance and prevent the brittle failure of structural members. In the case of steel structures, slender seismic braces have been widely used for buildings, towers, and bridges. The brace connections should resist the full plastic axial tension load to ensure adequate plastic deformation performance for vibration energy absorption. However, certain connections do not satisfy these requirements. Recently, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been used extensively to strengthen existing structures because of its high-strength, high elastic modulus, and light-weight characteristics. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of CFRP strengthening for brace connections and gusset plates with stepped surfaces using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding technique as a pilot demonstration. Stepped surfaces can be eliminated by using alternative CFRP layers to straighten the structural CFRP layers in order to effectively transfer the axial stress. Eventually, it is shown that CFRP strengthening can improve the connection strength and plastic deformation with 3% elongation, even if the CFRP is molded on the stepped surface.

scholarly journals Composite materials based on natural fibres applied for structural reinforcement

2022 ◽  
Vol 960 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
G Bou Abdallah ◽  
I Ivanova ◽  
J Assih ◽  
C Diagana ◽  
D Dontchev
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
External Reinforcement

Abstract Environmental problems and environmental protection triggered a rapid development of natural fibres as sustainable materials for the reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Synthetic fibre polymer composite materials have been widely accepted by the construction industries as an effective external reinforcement material to rehabilitate deficiencies in existing structures. These materials have exceptional performance such as high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance and lightness. However, the disadvantages include high costs during manufacturing and end-of-life services, less environmentally friendly and causing adverse effects on human health. This article presents an experimental program on the use of natural fibres as reinforcement in composite materials for structural strengthening. Different types of natural fibre fabrics (hemp, flax, mixed hemp and cotton) in terms of their mechanical properties were studied. The fibre and fibre fabric sheets were tested in tension test and compared with carbon and glass fibre fabric sheet as reference. So, this study carries out the effect of natural hemp and flax fibre fabric thickness on ultimate loads of specimens. In addition, the ultimate load and stiffness of strengthened beams were investigated. In fact, the results show that the reinforcement technique allows to increase the load-bearing of strengthened structure by 8% to 35% in bending tests.

scholarly journals Design and Model Test of a Modularized Prefabricated Steel Frame Structure with Inclined Braces

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechun Liu ◽  
Ailin Zhang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Yongqiang Tan ◽  
Yu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Steel Frame Structure

Modularized prefabricated steel structures have become the preferred design in the industrialization of steel structures due to their advantages of fast construction speed, high degree of industrialization, low labour intensity, and more. Prefabricated steel structures have some engineering applications, but all are low-rise structures with few applications in the field of high-rise buildings. Using finite element analysis with line and solid elements, full-scale experiments were conducted to study the single-span frame, which is the core load-bearing part of a modularized prefabricated high-rise steel frame structure with inclined braces. The mechanical mechanisms, computation methods, and design formulas of truss girders were obtained by comparing the finite element and model experiments and building a theoretical and experimental basis for the compilation of design codes. The mechanical characteristics under design load, the deformation and stress state, the elastic-plastic law of development, and the yield failure mode and mechanism under horizontal ultimate load were also obtained. Based on theoretical analysis, finite element analysis, and experiments, the design method of this frame was summarized and incorporated into the design code.

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