scholarly journals Assessment of Radon in groundwater and associated human risk from Sankarabarani River Sub Basin, Southern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kanna R ◽  
Srinivasamoorthy K ◽  
Ponnumani G ◽  
Gopinath S ◽  
Prakash R
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Southern India ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Groundwater Environment ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Radon Monitoring

Radon (222Rn) and associated human risk assessment in groundwater from quaternary shallow aquifers of Sankarabarani River sub basin, Southern India has been attempted by considering 41 groundwater samples and analysed for 222Rn using scintillation Radon monitoring system. The Radon ranges between 0.140±0.01 Bq l-1 to 7.869±0.33 Bq l-1 with an average of 1.797±0.12Bq l-1 and found to be within the maximum contamination level of Environmental Protection Agency (11.1 Bq l-1). The doses of ingestion and inhalation calculated for radon varies between 0.709 µSv y-1 to 39.933µSv y-1 with an average of 9.121µSv y-1which is within the prescribed dose limit of 100µSv y-1 by World Health Organisation. Uranium speciation attempted suggests saturated Haiweeite and Soddyite as sources for uranium/radon into the aquifer systems. The Eh-pH diagram suggests uraninite solubility within the pH ranges 6 to 8 within the groundwater environment.

scholarly journals The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5779
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Plant Materials

The presented study was aimed at the determination of the level of contamination with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) in 240 samples of plant materials, i.e., herbal raw materials, spices, tea, and coffee. Moreover, a probabilistic risk assessment (noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was estimated by models including target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR). The samples were subjected to microwave mineralisation with the use of HNO3 (65%), while the determination of the content of the elements was performed with the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP–MS) and a mercury analyser. The element which was characterised by the highest level of accumulation in the analysed samples was lead (from 0.010 to 5.680 mg/kg). Among the heavy metals under analysis, the lowest concentration was noted in the case of mercury (from 0.005 to 0.030 mg/kg). A notably higher level of contamination with heavy metals was noted in the analysed samples of herbs and spices (0.005–5.680 mg/kg), compared to samples of tea and coffee (0.005–0.791 mg/kg). According to the guidelines of the World Health Organisation (WHO) concerning the limits of contamination of samples of herbal raw materials with heavy metals, lead levels exceeding the limits were only noted in 24 samples of herbs (18%). In all of the analysed samples of spices, tea, and coffee, no instances of exceeded limits were noted for any of the analysed heavy metals. The values of TTHQmax (in relation to the consumption of the analysed products) were as follows: up to 4.23 × 10−2 for spices, up to 2.51 × 10−1 for herbs, up to 4.03 × 10−2 for China tea, and up to 1.25 × 10−1 for roasted coffee beans. As the value of THQ ≤1, there is no probability of the appearance of undesirable effects related to the consumption of the analysed group of raw materials and products of plant origin. The CR value for As (max. value) was 1.29 × 10−5, which is lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1 × 10−4 suggested by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

scholarly journals Annual effective dose from 222Rn in groundwater of a Nigeria University campus area

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew O. Isinkaye ◽  
Fadeke Matthew-Ojelabi ◽  
Clement O. Adegun ◽  
Paulinah O. Fasanmi ◽  
Fatai A. Adeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Radioactive Nuclide ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractRadon, the heaviest among the noble gases in the periodic table of element is a radioactive nuclide that is naturally available in rocks, soil and water. It has become the subject of many research efforts in recent years due to its leading role in causing cancer. In this study, a total of 68 groundwater samples were collected and assayed using alpha spectrometry with RAD7 radon detector with RAD-H2O accessories manufactured by Durridge CO (USA). The 222Rn concentration measured were in the range of 0.6–36.2 Bq L−1 with an average of 13.33 Bq L−1, 7.0–41.5 Bq L−1 with mean value 23.3 Bq L−1 and 0.6–27.4 Bq L−1 with an average value of 7.4 Bq L−1 for hand dug wells (HDW), hand pumped boreholes (HPB) and motorized boreholes (MBH), respectively. About 54, 86 and 15% of samples from the HDW, HPB and MBH, respectively, exceeded the parametric reference level of 11.1 Bq L−1 suggested by United State of America Environmental Protection Agency but lower than the permissible limit of 100 Bq L−1 by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union. The average annual effective doses resulting from inhalation and ingestion of radon in water obtained for the three groundwater sources are less than recommended limits by WHO and ICRP. The data obtained from this study are comparable with similar studies conducted in Nigeria and other parts of the world as reported in literature. Continuous radon monitoring in drinking water and indoor environment is however recommended for the study area.

scholarly journals COVID 19 – An Environmental Pandemic!

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAYDIP DATTA
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Environment Experiment

Corona Virus – A Spasmo-demic (Non dictionary term) ! . Spasmodic + Epidemic – used here. Spasmodic w.r.t our environment. A critical Virological pathogen throughout theWorld is destroying the environmental sustainability increasing the Death rate every Day . The COVID19 is the latest model is one of the greatest headache to World Health Organisation ( WHO ) , Environmental Protection agency ( EPA ) .DATTA, J. (2020, April 7). PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND PEACE : ANOTHER WAY OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT ( Experiment Finding )-Addendum for Covid 19. Retrieved from osf.io/bjgz9 MLA DATTA, JAYDIP. "PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND PEACE : ANOTHER WAY OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT ( Experiment Finding )-Addendum for Covid 19." OSF Preprints, 7 Apr. 2020. Web. Chicago DATTA, JAYDIP. 2020. "PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND PEACE : ANOTHER WAY OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT ( Experiment Finding )-Addendum for Covid 19." OSF Preprints. April 7. osf.io/bjgz9. Get more citations Enter citation style (e.g., "APA") OSF Explore (https://osf.io/explore/activity/) Contact (mailto:[email protected])

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND PEACE : ANOTHER WAY OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT ( Experiment Finding )- Addendum for Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAYDIP DATTA
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Primary Health Care Centre ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Primary Health

Corona Virus – A Spasmo-demic (Non dictionary term) ! . Spasmodic + Epidemic – used here. Spasmodic w.r.t our environment. A critical Virological pathogen throughout the World is destroying the environmental sustainability increasing the Death rate every Day . The COVID19 is the latest model is one of the greatest headache to World Health Organisation ( WHO ) , Environmental Protection agency ( EPA ) . we are all aware that Covid19 becoming a pandemic issue throughout the Globe . For Rural , Uneducated people should know better the symptoms of Covid19 !! to prevent the spreading of the Virus as well as lethal rate . So Rural people should be very careful that As the symptoms . High Fever ( 102 deg F ) , Persistant Cough , Breathing Trouble & Shore Throat . Personnel Protective Equipments like Nose Mask , Hand Golves etc . To prevent such viral epidemic they should immediate contact to Primary health Care Centre to Hospital for Infectious diseases.Experimental Findings mainly include the practical application of Primary Health Care in Rural Health CareRural Health Care awareness is much more useful to fight against Illiteracy, malnutrition due to Poverty, Snake bite, Intoxification due to toxic metal like Arsenic ( As ) in deep-tube well , Burns , Cuts & wounds & 44 Numbers of Essential Drugs ( ED ) & Community Medical service ( CMS ) .This is the main Experimental Findings of Primary health care / peace / & Environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Microelement Removal in the South Tertiary Wastewater Plant, Riyadh KSA

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 772-780
Author(s):  
Leda G Bousiakou ◽  
Rabia Qindeel ◽  
A. S Almuzaini ◽  
Hosham A Alghamdi ◽  
Walid Tawfik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Element Removal ◽  
Final Effluent

This work focuses on the monitoring of trace element removal from the Riyadh South Tertiary Wastewater Treatment plant using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Considering that the final effluent originating from the plant is directed for irrigation purposes towards the farms of Al- Dirayia, Dirab and Wadi Hanifa it is important to consider the possible presence of elevated microelement concentrations that could pose potential threats to the human health. All samples were collected from the initial entrance to the plant representing the raw influent as well as the final exit after chlorination, i.e. the final effluent used for irrigation purposes. Results showed that the concentration of aluminium (Al), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) were initially elevated at their entrance to the plant compared to the recommended values by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), while zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), uranium ( U), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) were within permissible levels. All microelements showed significant reduction of concentration with values well below the maximum recommendations. The observed results are important for assessing the functions and effectiveness of the treatment methods of the plant as well as ensuring that the final effluent is appropriate for agricultural use.

Investigating Urban Traffic Noise Pollution carried out at Higher Learning Institutions in Windhoek, Namibia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
SA Onjefu ◽  
E Ejembi ◽  
LA Onjefu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Higher Institutions

Noise pollution adversely affects human health. Higher institutions of learning situated in urban areas can be affected by noise pollution. In this study, noise pollution levels were measured in three institutions of higher learning in Windhoek [International University of Management-(IUM), Triumphant College-(TC) and International Training College LINGUA-(ITC)]. The mean noise pollution values were higher than the World Health Organisation (WHO)'s, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)s’ recommended limit of 45 dB (A) for silence zones. The mean noise level equivalent (L) variation and the mean percentile eq noise indices of the three institutions were all above the recommended standards for educational institutions. The mean value of noise climate (NC) was found to be 18.4, 17.9 and 16.3 (IUM, TC and ITC-Lingua) and the traffic noise index (TNI) for all the locations were higher than the WHO's traffic noise recommended limit of 45 (dB). The results of the research indicate that the higher institutions of learning studied are noisy particularly because of vehicle noise. In order to reduce noise pollution within the campuses some useful suggestions were presented.

A Collaborative Study to Establish the Second International Standard for Streptokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Heath ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn International Standard for Streptokinase - Streptodomase (62/7) has been used to calibrate high purity clinical batches of SK since 1965. An international collaborative study, involving six laboratories, was undertaken to replace this standard with a high purity standard for SK. Two candidate preparations (88/826 and 88/824) were compared by a clot lysis assay with the current standard (62/7). Potencies of 671 i.u. and 461 i.u. were established for preparations A (88/826) and B (88/824), respectively.Either preparation appeared suitable to serve as a standard for SK. However, each ampoule of preparation A (88/826) contains a more appropriate amount of SK activity for potency testing, and is therefore preferred. Accelerated degradation tests indicate that preparation A (88/826) is very stable.The high purity streptokinase preparation, coded 88/826, has been established by the World Health Organisation as the 2nd International Standard for Streptokinase, with an assigned potency of 700 i.u. per ampoule.

A Collaborative Study to Establish an International Standard for Alpha-Thrombin

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Gaffney ◽  
A B Heath ◽  
J W Fenton II
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
And Control

SummarySince 1975 an International Standard for Thrombin of low purity has been used. While this standard was stable and of value for calibrating thrombins of unknown potency the need for a pure a-thrombin standard arose both for accurate calibration and for precise measurement of thrombin inhibitors, notably hirudin. An international collaborative study was undertaken to establish the potency and stability of an ampouled pure a-thrombin preparation. A potency of 97.5 international units (95% confidence limits 86.5-98.5) was established for the new a-thrombin standard (89/ 588) using a clotting-assay procedure. Stability data at various elevated temperatures indicated that the standard could be transported and stored with no significant loss of potency.Ampoules of lyophilised a-thrombin (coded 89/588) have been recommended as an International Standard for a-thrombin with an assigned potency of 100 international units per ampoule by the International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Thrombin and its Inhibitors Sub-Committee) in Barcelona, Spain in July 1990 while the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation and Control of the World Health Organisation will consider its status at its next meeting in Geneva in 1991.

ANTARA SUNNAH DAN TRADISI (Khitan Muallaf Perempuan Baligh di Jayapura, Papua)

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
Hendra Yulia Rahman
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health

Masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya khususnya yang bergama Islam, memiliki kebiasaan mengkhitankan anak perempuannya dan memandang ini sebagai sunnah, hal ini juga dilakukan masyarakat di negara-negara lain yang memiliki penduduk pemeluk agama Islam. Pada umumnya masyarakat megkhitankan anak perempuannya, ketika masih bayi dan meyakininya sebagai bentuk kewajiban dari perintah agama. Badan kesehatan dunia World Health Organisation (WHO) melakukan pelarangan segala bentuk khitan pada perempuan, karena dianggap sebagai bentuk kekerasan pada perempuan dengan menyakiti dan merusak alat reproduksi perempuan. Khitan perempuan dianggap sebagai tradisi yang sudah lama ada tengah-tengah masyarakat baik yang muslim maupun yang non muslim, yang dalam pelaksanaannya lebih dimaksudkan sebagai upaya pengontrolan seksualitas perempuan. Muallaf perempuan baligh khususnya di wilayah kota Jayapura, Papua rata-rata melakukan khitan, yang menurut mereka merupakan bagian dari perintah agama. Bahwasanya khitan muallaf perempuan baligh di kota Jayapaura merupakan sebuah tradisi yang terus berlangsung, dan tradisi tersebut sejalan dengan sunnah.

Comparative docking of SARS-CoV-2 receptors antagonists from repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Davi Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Kelson Mota Teixeira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Receptors ◽  
Theoretical Results

According to the World Health Organisation, until 16 June, 2020, the number of confirmed and notified cases of COVID-19 has already exceeded 7.9 million with approximately 434 thousand deaths worldwide. This research aimed to find repurposing antagonists, that may inhibit the activity of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as partially modulate the ACE2 receptors largely found in lung cells, and reduce viral replication by inhibiting Nsp12 RNA polymerase. Docking molecular simulations were performed among a total of 60 structures, most of all, published in the literature against the novel coronavirus. The theoretical results indicated that, in comparative terms, paritaprevir, ivermectin, ledipasvir, and simeprevir, are among the most theoretical promising drugs in remission of symptoms from the disease. Furthermore, also corroborate indinavir to the high modulation in viral receptors. The second group of promising drugs includes remdesivir and azithromycin. The repurposing drugs HCQ and chloroquine were not effective in comparative terms to other drugs, as monotherapies, against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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