scholarly journals Anatomical investigation, phytochemical screening and pharmacognostical evaluation of the plant root - Ixora johnsonii Hook.f

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Usha M ◽  
Reginald Appavoo M ◽  
Mohanraj V ◽  
Immanuel G
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Histochemical Localization ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Comprehensive Studies

A preliminary investigation is provided to encouraging results for comprehensive studies on different aspects of the plant root - Ixora johnsonii  Hook.f. Root of this plant was studied to fix the parameters for pharmacognostical standards. The present study are highlights the pharmacognostical evaluation of root which includes macroscopic and microscopic features. Further, preliminary phytochemical analyses, organoleptic character, fluorescence behavior of different extracts and histochemical localization of phytochemicals. As there is no pharmacognostical work on record of this ethno botanically much valued drug, the present work was taken up with a view to lay down standards, which could be useful to detect the authenticity of this pretty plant.

Microscopic features and phytochemistry of two Congolese medicinal plants: Aframomum alboviolaceum (Ridley) K. Schum, and Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae).

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 043-052
Author(s):  
Clément Liyongo Inkoto ◽  
Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua ◽  
Adrien Tuwisana Masunda ◽  
Carlos Nkongolo Kabengele ◽  
Jeff Bekomo Iteku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
First Time

The leaves and seeds of Aframomum alboviolaceum and Aframomum angustifolium are specifically used by traditional healers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for the treatment of several pathologies. The aim of present study was to determine the microscopic characteristics and phytochemical composition of these species of the genus Aframomum. The microscopic study of these plants revealed the presence of punctate vessels, fiber cluster with calcium oxalate crystals, isolated unicellular hair, fibers, starch grains, spiral vessel fragments, fiber fragments, and indistinct parenchyma fragments. Phytochemical screening revealed several chemical groups such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, terpenes, iridoids, saponins etc. The determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins gave contents ranging from 14.95 ± 0.45 and 63.98 ± 2.04 mgGAE/g, 0.16 ± 0.01 and 10.68 ± 0.32 mgQE/g and between 1.28 ± 0.03 and 28.51 ± 0.56 mg CAE/g respectively. In general, the leaves are richer in secondary metabolites, polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin than the seeds. Both plants also contain iron, magnesium, calcium and sodium. To our knowledge, this is the first time that histological elements have been identified in the leaves and seeds of A. angustifolium.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SAUSSUREA LAPPA ROOT EXTRACT FOR ANALGESIC AND ANTI- INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Juluri Krishna Dutta Tejaswi ◽  
R. Govinda Rajan ◽  
P Sara
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Saussurea Lappa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The present study was designed to evaluate the Phytochemical Screening for Analgesic and Anti- inflammatory activities of Ethonolic extract of Saussurea lappa.  The collected plant root material were washed, shade dried, and size reduced into small pieces. Dried materials were coarsely powdered and macerated with petroleum ether for 72 hrs. The plant material was extracted by using ethanol by the cold maceration method. The study concluded that the root extract have potential bioactive substances that may be used to formulate new drugs. The Flavo-Glycosides content in Ethonolic extract of Saussurea lappa root was extracted and results were compared with the standard for Analgesic and Anti- inflammatory activities. The results were compared with the standard using statistical method. However further investigation was required for structural elucidation and pharmacological properties. Keywords: Saussurea lappa, Ethonolic, Glycosides, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Acanthamoebic Activity of Shoots from in Vitro Cultures and in Vivo Plants of Eryngium alpinum L.—The Endangered and Protected Species

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kikowska ◽  
Dariusz Kruszka ◽  
Monika Derda ◽  
Edward Hadaś ◽  
Barbara Thiem
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antiamoebic Activity

Genetically uniform shoots of Eryngium alpinum L. cultured in vitro were subjected to the qualitative analysis applying the UPLC-HESI-HRMS technique. In vitro cultures give the opportunity to perform the phytochemical studies on the protected species without harvesting the plant material from the natural environment. The phytochemical screening of the crude methanolic extracts of shoots, both from in vitro cultures and in vivo plants, revealed the presence of phenolic acids, coumarins, flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, amino acids, or dipeptides. Active compounds detected are known to have medicinal importance, and for this reason, the present study represents a preliminary investigation of the extracts against pathogenic and opportunistic amoeba. Among the extracts tested, the extract of shoots from in vitro cultures exhibited remarkable amoebicidal action against trophozoites. On the second day of treatment, the extract at the concentrations of 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, and 0.5 mg/mL showed the highest antiamoebicidal effect: the inhibition of trophozoites reached 81.14%, 66.38%, and 54.99%, respectively. To our best knowledge, the present report is the first to show the phytochemical screening and to discuss the antiamoebic activity of Eryngium alpinum L. shoots, both from in vitro cultures and in vivo plants.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening of Root, Stem and Leave Extracts of Terminalia avicennoides

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
M. Emmanuel ◽  
A. J. Dadah ◽  
A. A. Orukotan ◽  
J. Abbah ◽  
I. E. Aigbogun
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Whatman Filter Paper ◽  
Aoac Method

The phytochemical screening of Terminalia avicennoids was carried out using qualitative method to determine the bioactive compounds present in the plant root, stem and leave extracts. Cooled Maceration method was used for the extraction.  Hundred grams (100 g) of each powder was soaked in 1000 ml of distilled water, allowed to stand for 5 hours.  The suspension was agitated after 30 minutes. The filtrate was thereafter separated from residue using No. 1 Whatman filter paper and concentrated using rotary evaporator. The crude extracts were separately kept in a screw capped bottle for further research. The bioactive compound in the plants were detected using AOAC method. The result revealed that alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponins, phenol and glycoside were detected in the plants while steroid was not detected in the plants. Therefore, the presence of these phytocompounds is an indicative that the plant is medicinal and it can be used for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.

Surface ultrastructure of danazol treated rat endometrium: A SEM study

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
R.P. Apkarian ◽  
J.S. Sanfilippo
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Sprague Dawley

The synthetic androgen danazol, is an isoxazol derivative of ethisterone. It is utilized in the treatment of endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease, and has a potential use as a contraceptive. A study was designed to evaluate the ultrastructural changes associated with danazol therapy in a rat model. The preliminary investigation of the distal segment of the rat uterine horn was undertaken as part of a larger study intended to elucidate the effects of danazol on the female reproductive tract.Cross-sections (2-3 mm in length) of the distal segment of the uterine horn from sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared for SEM. Ten rats in estrus served as controls and six danazol treated rats were noted to have alterations of the estrus cycle i.e. a lag in cycle phase or noncycling patterns. Specimens were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.05M phosphate buffer containing CaCl2 at pH 7.0-7.4 and chilled to 4°C. After a brief wash in distilled water, specimens were passed through a graded series of ethanol, critical point dryed in CO2 from absolute ethanol, and coated with 6nm Au. Observations were made with an IS1-40 SEM operated at 15kV.

A Comparison of the Ultrastructural Morphology of Hepatic Necrosis in BDF1 Mice

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 586-587
Author(s):  
Becky Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Glycogen Store ◽  
Ultrastructural Morphology ◽  
Mitochondrial Integrity ◽  
Glycogen Stores

Preliminary investigation has indicated similarity in hepatic ultrastructural morphology in nutritional deprivation, and cyanide induced hepatic necrosis. Analysis of hepatic tissue has indicated disruption of intracellular membranes, specifically, reduction in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) mitochondrial integrity, and glycogen stores. An increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) portion was observed.To further investigate the apparent equivalence of necrotic morphology, ultrastructura1ly, BDF1 mice were subjected to senescence, nutritional deprevation, potassium cyanide (KCN) induced toxemia, and acetaminophen induced toxemia. Controls were utilized to ellucidate non-necrotic hepatocellular normals. U1trastructura1 investigation of controls (Fig. 1) shows densely granular RER, abundant glycogen stores, and morphologically normal mitochondria. Subjects with acetaminophen induced necrosis exhibit reduced normal RER with increased levels of dialated, vesicular RER in apparent conversion to SER (Fig. 2), loss of mitochondrial integrity, and glycogen store reduction. Senescent subjects exhibit a pronounced increase in SER and loss of glycogen store. (Fig. 3). Investigation of the senescent SER at high magnification (Fig. 5) indicates that the SER is arising from degranulating and vesiculating RER.

Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Kepone Treatment in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Richard L. Klein ◽  
Åsa K. Thureson-Klein ◽  
Harihara M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

KeponeR (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) is an insecticide effective against ants and roaches. It can cause severe toxicity in fishes, birds, rodents and man. Prominent effects include hepatic lipid deposition and hypertrophy, impairment of reproductive capacity and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase is also inhibited. The present study is a preliminary investigation of tissue ultrastructural changes accompanying physiological signs of acute toxicity, which after two days treatment include: pronounced hypersensitivity and tremor, various degrees of anorexia and adipsia, and decreased weight gain.Three different series of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River or CD-I) were treated by intubation with Kepone in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg per kg for 3 successive days or at 200 ppm in food for 8 days. After ether anesthesia, rats were immediately perfused via a cannula in the left ventricle with 4% p-formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for 20-30 min at 22°C.

Fine Structural Classification of Chromophobe Adenomas of the Human Pituitary Gland

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Microscopic Features

Chromophobe pituitary adenomas arise from adenohypophysial cells and fail to exhibit cytoplasmic staining with conventional acid or basic dyes by light microscopy. The aim of the present work was to study the electron microscopic features of these tumors, to separate them into distinct entities and to correlate their fine structural appearances with secretory activity.Among 48 surgically removed various pituitary adenomas 30 tumors were found which, based on the tinctorial characteristics of the cytoplasm, corresponded to chromophobe adenomas. For electron microscopic investigation pieces of these tumors were fixed in 2.5 per cent glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's buffer, post fixed in 1 per cent osmium tetroxide in Millonig's buffer, dehydrated in graded ethanol and embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.By electron microscopy it was possible to separate chromophobe adenomas into 3 distinct entities: 1) adenomas consisting of sparsely granulated growth hormone cells (7 cases).

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