scholarly journals Clinical Case of the Occurrence of Stroke Followed by Death After Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Priciane Bárbara Ewerling Penna ◽  
◽  
Maria Cândida Moreno Penna ◽  
Douglas Domingues ◽  
Fernando Ferreira Penna Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Hospital Emergency Room

Introduction: The current COVID-19 pandemic has involved developing vaccines to control the virulence of SARS-CoV-2. More than 4.1 million people have died from COVID-19.1 In response to this public health emergency, several vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed, with more than 3.7 billion doses administered worldwide. After the introduction of the adenovirus vector vaccine ChAdOx1, several cases of severe venous thrombosis with thrombocytopenia were reported worldwide. Objective: It was to present a case report of a 25-year-old female patient who presented extensive left intraparenchymal hematoma and rapid progression to brain death followed by death. Case report: A 25-year-old woman, CSS, was vaccinated against COVID-19 with the adenovirus ChAdOx1, 14 days after admission, evolved with a fever that started about 13 days ago, associated with holocranial, tight, moderate-intensity headache. On the day of admission, she was found by the torporous, unresponsive, and vomiting family, referred to the hospital emergency room. The patient was admitted to Glasgow 4 with evidence of anisocoria, with the left pupils larger than the right, rapidly progressing to mydriasis. Cranial computed tomography (CT) showed extensive left intraparenchymal hematoma, performing urgent decompressive craniectomy and placement of an intracranial pressure monitoring catheter. The cerebrospinal fluid exam did not show bacteria or fungi. CT angiography showed extensive thrombosis of the anterior portions of the superior sagittal sinus and probable thrombosis of the superficial drainage veins of the frontal regions. Skull CT revealed diffuse and bilateral ischemia. Laboratory tests showed mild thrombocytopenia and no change in the coagulogram. After one day, the patient evolved with worsening neurological status. Sedation was turned off to start the brain death protocol, which was confirmed twice. Finally, an electroencephalogram was performed with evidence of a straight-line tracing, without evidence of electrical brain activity. Final considerations: Several studies have been published regarding cerebral thrombosis, stroke, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic events. Thus, safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are an urgent need, as they can leave pathophysiological responses of hypercoagulability and thrombo inflammation associated with acute infection.

Skipping Breakfast Affects the Early Steps of Cognitive Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Andrés Antonio González-Garrido ◽  
Jacobo José Brofman-Epelbaum ◽  
Fabiola Reveca Gómez-Velázquez ◽  
Sebastián Agustín Balart-Sánchez ◽  
Julieta Ramos-Loyo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Abstract. It has been generally accepted that skipping breakfast adversely affects cognition, mainly disturbing the attentional processes. However, the effects of short-term fasting upon brain functioning are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of skipping breakfast on cognitive processing by studying the electrical brain activity of young healthy individuals while performing several working memory tasks. Accordingly, the behavioral results and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) of 20 healthy university students (10 males) were obtained and compared through analysis of variances (ANOVAs), during the performance of three n-back working memory (WM) tasks in two morning sessions on both normal (after breakfast) and 12-hour fasting conditions. Significantly fewer correct responses were achieved during fasting, mainly affecting the higher WM load task. In addition, there were prolonged reaction times with increased task difficulty, regardless of breakfast intake. ERP showed a significant voltage decrement for N200 and P300 during fasting, while the amplitude of P200 notably increased. The results suggest skipping breakfast disturbs earlier cognitive processing steps, particularly attention allocation, early decoding in working memory, and stimulus evaluation, and this effect increases with task difficulty.

Adrenocortical Scintigraphy with 131I-6-Beta-Iodomethyl-NorchoIesterol (NP 59) in Bilateral Adrenocortical Carcinoma

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
F. J. C. Pallarés ◽  
A. R. Bartual ◽  
Susana Tenes Rodrigo ◽  
F. J. Ampudia-Blasco ◽  
C. R. de Ávila y Ávalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Imaging Procedure ◽  
Adrenocortical Scintigraphy

SummaryA case of a 49-year-old man suffering from bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma with local and secondary rapid progression is reported. The results of adrenocortical scintigraphy (NP 59) and histological findings allowed the diagnosis. This case report and a literature review showed the importance of using adrenocortical scintigraphy as a complementary imaging procedure of CT or MR images.

An Adaptive and Learning System for Feedback-Controlled Evoked Response Studies

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
G. Pfurtscheixer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
Background Eeg

The shape, latency and amplitude of changes in electrical brain activity related to a stimulus (Evoked Potential) depend both on the stimulus parameters and on the background EEG at the time of stimulation. An adaptive, learnable stimulation system is introduced, whereby the subject is stimulated (e.g. with light), whenever the EEG power is subthreshold and minimal. Additionally, the system is conceived in such a way that a certain number of stimuli could be given within a particular time interval. Related to this time criterion, the threshold specific for each subject is calculated at the beginning of the experiment (preprocessing) and adapted to the EEG power during the processing mode because of long-time fluctuations and trends in the EEG. The process of adaptation is directed by a table which contains the necessary correction numbers for the threshold. Experiences of the stimulation system are reflected in an automatic correction of this table. Because the corrected and improved table is stored after each experiment and is used as the starting table for the next experiment, the system >learns<. The system introduced here can be used both for evoked response studies and for alpha-feedback experiments.

Automated System for Epileptic Seizures Prediction based on Multi-Channel Recordings of Electrical Brain Activity

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Maksimenko ◽  
A. A. Harchenko ◽  
A. Lüttjohann
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Now the great interest in studying the brain activity based on detection of oscillatory patterns on the recorded data of electrical neuronal activity (electroencephalograms) is associated with the possibility of developing brain-computer interfaces. Braincomputer interfaces are based on the real-time detection of characteristic patterns on electroencephalograms and their transformation  into commands for controlling external devices. One of the important areas of the brain-computer interfaces application is the control of the pathological activity of the brain. This is in demand for epilepsy patients, who do not respond to drug treatment.Purpose: A technique for detecting the characteristic patterns of neural activity preceding the occurrence of epileptic seizures.Results:Using multi-channel electroencephalograms, we consider the dynamics of thalamo-cortical brain network, preceded the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. We have developed technique which allows to predict the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. The technique has been implemented in a brain-computer interface, which has been tested in-vivo on the animal model of absence epilepsy.Practical relevance:The results of our study demonstrate the possibility of epileptic seizures prediction based on multichannel electroencephalograms. The obtained results can be used in the development of neurointerfaces for the prediction and prevention of seizures of various types of epilepsy in humans. 

Acceleration of interstitial lung disease induced by raltitrexed

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1241-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Howlett ◽  
Raminder Aul ◽  
Mark Hill ◽  
David J Pinato
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Thymidylate Synthase ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Lung Function Tests ◽  
Clinical Pattern ◽  
Significant Acceleration

Introduction Raltitrexed is a folate analogue, which selectively inhibits thymidylate synthase, used in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. Common side effects include asthenia and gastrointestinal and haematological toxicities. Case report We present the case of a 74-year-old gentleman with incidental mild interstitial lung disease on preoperative staging CT Chest who developed acute breathlessness whilst undergoing adjuvant raltitrexed treatment for a completely excised colorectal adenocarcinoma. Management and outcome Discontinuation of raltitrexed and a course of steroid therapy resulted in resolution of symptoms, mirrored by an improvement in lung function tests. Discussion The clinical pattern of rapid progression with steroid response highlights the potential for significant acceleration of interstitial lung disease by raltitrexed.

scholarly journals Delta band activity contributes to the identification of command following in disorder of consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Rivera-Lillo ◽  
Emmanuel A. Stamatakis ◽  
Tristan A. Bekinschtein ◽  
David K. Menon ◽  
Srivas Chennu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Delta Modulation ◽  
Command Following ◽  
Band Activity

AbstractThe overt or covert ability to follow commands in patients with disorders of consciousness is considered a sign of awareness and has recently been defined as cortically mediated behaviour. Despite its clinical relevance, the brain signatures of the perceptual processing supporting command following have been elusive. This multimodal study investigates the temporal spectral pattern of electrical brain activity to identify features that differentiated healthy controls from patients both able and unable to follow commands. We combined evidence from behavioural assessment, functional neuroimaging during mental imagery and high-density electroencephalography collected during auditory prediction, from 21 patients and 10 controls. We used a penalised regression model to identify command following using features from electroencephalography. We identified seven well-defined spatiotemporal signatures in the delta, theta and alpha bands that together contribute to identify DoC subjects with and without the ability to follow command, and further distinguished these groups of patients from controls. A fine-grained analysis of these seven signatures enabled us to determine that increased delta modulation at the frontal sensors was the main feature in command following patients. In contrast, higher frequency theta and alpha modulations differentiated controls from both groups of patients. Our findings highlight a key role of spatiotemporally specific delta modulation in supporting cortically mediated behaviour including the ability to follow command. However, patients able to follow commands nevertheless have marked differences in brain activity in comparison with healthy volunteers.

scholarly journals A147 PRIMARY COLONIC MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA: A RARE ENTITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 138-140
Author(s):  
K Donaldson ◽  
S Nassiri ◽  
D Chahal ◽  
M F Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Transverse Colon ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Mantle Cell

Abstract Background Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), often diagnosed at later stages with secondary gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. Primary GI MCL is rare and is not often discussed in the literature. Aims To increase awareness of a rare condition that is likely to be encountered but can be challenging to diagnose. Methods Case report and review of the literature. Results Case Report A 78-year-old man with multiple untreated vascular risk factors including atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes presented with acute onset left hemiplegia, dysarthria, and imaging consistent with a left pontine stroke. As part of his workup he underwent a CT abdomen/pelvis identifying an 11 x 5 cm intraluminal mass in the transverse colon. Previous screening colonoscopies, for family history of colon cancer, were notable for tubular adenomas without high-grade dysplasia at 13, 12, 10, 7, and 2 years prior to admission. The patient had 16 pounds of weight loss without other constitutional symptoms, change in bowel habits or evidence of GI bleeding. Bloodwork was notable for microcytic anemia (Hemoglobin 91 g/L, MCV 75 fL), from a normal baseline one year prior, without other cytopenias. C-reactive protein (44 mg/L) and GGT (164 U/L) were elevated. Other liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and electrolytes were normal. Colonoscopy revealed numerous polypoid lesions throughout the entire colon and a large non-obstructive mass with submucosal appearance in the transverse colon. Biopsies were taken from the large mass and one of the smaller polypoid lesions. Histology showed a sheet-like infiltrate of small lymphocytes within the lamina propria. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD20, BCL2, Cyclin D1, equivocal for CD5, and negative for BCL6 and CD3. Ki67 index approached 30%. A diagnosis of colonic MCL was made. Literature Review Primary MCL of the GI tract is rare, accounting for only 1 to 4% of all GI malignancies. There is a male and Caucasian predominance with a median age of 68 years at diagnosis. Presenting complaints may include abdominal pain, anorexia, and GI bleeding. Typical endoscopic features are small nodular or polypoid tumors, between 2mm and 2 cm in size, along one or more segments of the GI tract referred to as multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP). A single colonic mass is infrequently seen, highlighting the importance of endoscopy for diagnosis, as subtle findings may be missed on radiographic evaluation. Biopsies for immunohistochemistry are essential to distinguish MCL from other NHLs, as almost all cases express cyclin D1. Despite aggressive immunochemotherapy, prognosis is often poor due to MCL’s rapid progression and early relapse. Conclusions Primary GI MCL is a rare entity. Awareness is essential as evaluation and management differ from lymphoma at other sites, and other GI malignancies. Funding Agencies None

scholarly journals Prevention of influenza virus shedding and protection from lethal H1N1 challenge using a consensus 2009 H1N1 HA and NA adenovirus vector vaccine

Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (40) ◽  
pp. 7020-7026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Jones ◽  
Elizabeth S. Gabitzsch ◽  
Younong Xu ◽  
Joseph P. Balint ◽  
Viktoriya Borisevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
2009 H1n1
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