scholarly journals A 4G LTE Evolved packet Core Planning and Deployment in Freetown Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mohamed Koroma ◽  
Ibrahim Abdulai Sawaneh
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Current System ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Wireless Broadband ◽  
Network Infrastructures ◽  
4G Lte

Wireless broadband subscribers have tripled in the past two decades in the world. It subsequently adds more burden on the network traffic, thereby pressuring the current 2G / 3G wireless network infrastructural development in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The existing 2G / 3G network infrastructures in Freetown offer limited resources for download and upload speed of 12.54Mbps and 2.59Mbps, respectively, to active subscribers. The exponential increase in the country’s population has adverse effects on the subscriber’s database. Therefore, a considerable task is faced by the country’s telecommunication network infrastructures to devise an improvement and efficient technologies to augment the current system to handle the numerous issues. Three active private mobile network operators (X, Y, & Z) and one Government-owned operator (W) exist in the country. The only operator that runs across the country is operator X, and it has the highest number of subscribers. The country has just rollout it Long Term Evolution (LTE) by the private MNOs. The research is to encourage the Sierra Leone National Telecommunication Commission (NATCOM), a telecommunication regulatory body, to mandate all MNOs in the country to roll out the 4G LTE core network infrastructure in Freetown. ARIMA model is used to analyze the throughputs (kbps) prediction to ascertain 4G LTE rollout using the Python programming language is an effective alternative. Statistical data from operator X for ten years for Freetown municipality from January 2010 - November 2019 was collected. The research concludes that 4G LTE deployment or upgrade was necessary for the Freetown municipality.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Overview of TCP Congestion Control in 5G Networks: Research Challenges and Future Perspectives

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4510
Author(s):  
Josip Lorincz ◽  
Zvonimir Klarin ◽  
Julije Ožegović
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Control ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Core Network ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Reliable Communications

In today’s data networks, the main protocol used to ensure reliable communications is the transmission control protocol (TCP). The TCP performance is largely determined by the used congestion control (CC) algorithm. TCP CC algorithms have evolved over the past three decades and a large number of CC algorithm variations have been developed to accommodate various network environments. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile network presents a new challenge for the implementation of the TCP CC mechanism, since networks will operate in environments with huge user device density and vast traffic flows. In contrast to the pre-5G networks that operate in the sub-6 GHz bands, the implementation of TCP CC algorithms in 5G mmWave communications will be further compromised with high variations in channel quality and susceptibility to blockages due to high penetration losses and atmospheric absorptions. These challenges will be particularly present in environments such as sensor networks and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To alleviate these challenges, this paper provides an overview of the most popular single-flow and multy-flow TCP CC algorithms used in pre-5G networks. The related work on the previous examinations of TCP CC algorithm performance in 5G networks is further presented. A possible implementation of TCP CC algorithms is thoroughly analysed with respect to the specificities of 5G networks, such as the usage of high frequencies in the mmWave spectrum, the frequent horizontal and vertical handovers, the implementation of the 5G core network, the usage of beamforming and data buffering, the exploitation of edge computing, and the constantly transmitted always-on signals. Moreover, the capabilities of machine learning technique implementations for the improvement of TCPs CC performance have been presented last, with a discussion on future research opportunities that can contribute to the improvement of TCP CC implementation in 5G networks. This survey paper can serve as the basis for the development of novel solutions that will ensure the reliable implementation of TCP CC in different usage scenarios of 5G networks.

Determining Critical Factors Project Delay and Effecting Cost Overruns in Telecommunication Mobile Network Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Deni Bakhtiar ◽  
Mulya R. Mashudi ◽  
Maulahikmah Galinium
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Monitoring Equipment ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
Cost Plan ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Project Delay

Telecommunication Industry has created numerous employment opportunities and playing a role model in economic growth of Indonesia. This industry is facing serious and critical problem of cost overruns in Telecommunication Mobile Network Projects, especially in implementation 4G-LTE Project in Jakarta, Depok, Bogor, Tangerang, Bekasi (Jadebotabek) area. The purpose of this research is to identify and classify critical factors project delay and expound the effect of that critical factors to cost overruns. A structured questionnaire based on 38 factors project delay related to cost overruns (Ullah et al., 2017) was developed and distributed to 100 respondents from 35 selected Contractor Company in Jadebotabek area. The collected data was statistically analyzed with Factor Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression that processed using SPSS. As a result, 4 new Critical Factor Project Delay effect to Cost Overruns in sequence are Lack of cost plan and monitoring, Equipment failure, Extension of time, and Inadequate project preparations were identified.

Mobile Network Forensics

2018 ◽  
pp. 206-249
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Malicious Attacks ◽  
Legal Compliance ◽  
Network Forensics ◽  
Mobile Networking ◽  
Network Infrastructures

The sensitive nature of mobile network forensics requires careful organization of the investigative processes and procedures to ensure legal compliance and adequate privacy protection. Investigations in mobile networking environments can be conducted for two main purposes: (1) to reconstruct criminal activities facilitated by a use of a mobile service and (2) to attribute malicious attacks targeting the normal operation of the mobile infrastructure. In both cases, investigators need to know the concepts introduced in the previous chapters to operationalize any mobile network related investigation. This chapter elaborates the legal framework, the general investigative principles, and evidence types characteristic for investigations in mobile network infrastructures.

Mobile Phones and Crime: The Protective Effect of Mobile Network Infrastructures

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-956
Author(s):  
Patrick Felka ◽  
Cristina Mihale-Wilson ◽  
Oliver Hinz
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Infrastructures

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in 5G and beyond: A Survey and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfatteh Haidine ◽  
Fatima Zahra Salmam ◽  
Abdelhak Aqqal ◽  
Aziz Dahbi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Network Function ◽  
New Radio ◽  
4G Lte

The deployment of 4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) mobile network has solved the major challenge of high capacities, to build real broadband mobile Internet. This was possible mainly through very strong physical layer and flexible network architecture. However, the bandwidth hungry services have been developed in unprecedented way, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), etc. Furthermore, mobile networks are facing other new services with extremely demand of higher reliability and almost zero-latency performance, like vehicle communications or Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV). Using new radio interface based on massive MIMO, 5G has overcame some of these challenges. In addition, the adoption of software defend networks (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) has added a higher degree of flexibility allowing the operators to support very demanding services from different vertical markets. However, network operators are forced to consider a higher level of intelligence in their networks, in order to deeply and accurately learn the operating environment and users behaviors and needs. It is also important to forecast their evolution to build a pro-actively and efficiently (self-) updatable network. In this chapter, we describe the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in 5G and beyond, to build cost-effective and adaptable performing next generation mobile network. Some practical use cases of AI/ML in network life cycle are discussed.

scholarly journals Az erősödő állami szerepvállalás értékelése a magyarországi elektronikus hírközlő hálózati fejlesztésekben (Evaluation of the increasingstate’s rolein the electronic communications network development in Hungary)

2014 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Gergely Kis
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Use Of The Internet

Az elektronikus hírközlő hálózat rohamszerű fejlesztésének igénye az elektronikus szolgáltatások széles körű elterjedésével az állami döntéshozókat is fejlesztéspolitikai koncepciók kidolgozására és azok végrehajtására ösztönzi. Az (információs) társadalom fejlődése és az ennek alapjául szolgáló infokommunikációs szolgáltatások használata alapvetően függ a szélessávú infrastruktúra fejlesztésétől, az elektronikus hírközlő hálózat elérésének lehetőségétől. Az állami szerepvállalási hajlandóság 2011-től kezdődően jelentősen megnőtt az elektronikus hírközlési területen. Az MVM NET Zrt. megalapítása, a NISZ Zrt. átszervezése, a GOP 3.1.2-es pályázat és a 4. mobilszolgáltató létrehozásának terve mind mutatják a kormányzat erőteljes szándékát a terület fejlesztésére. A tanulmányban bemutatásra kerül, hogy az állam milyen beavatkozási eszközökkel rendelkezik az elektronikus hírközlő hálózat fejlesztésének ösztönzésére. A szerző ezt követően a négy, jelentős állami beavatkozás elemzését végzi el annak vizsgálatára, hogy megfelelő alapozottsággal született-e döntés az állami szerepvállalásról. _____ With the widespread use of the Internet, the need for the rapid development of the digital communication networks has prompted government policy makers also to conceptualize and implement development policy. The advancement of the (information) society and the use of information communication technology as a prerequisite of it are fundamentally determined by the development of broadband infrastructure and whether broadband access to the digital telecommunication network is available. The propensity of the government to play a bigger role in the field of electronical communication has increased significantly from 2011. The setup of MVM NET Zrt. / Hungarian Electricity NET Ltd./, the realignment of NISZ Zrt. / National Info communication Services Company Limited by Shares - NISZ Ltd./, the GOP 3.1.2. tender and the plan to enable a new, i.e. the fourth mobile network operator to enter the market all indicate the robust intention of the government to develop this field. The study shows the tools of government intervention for the incentive of the development of the electronical communication network. Then the author analyses the four main government interventions to examine whether the decision on the role of the state was adequately well-founded.

scholarly journals CORE NETWORK EPC REDIMENSIONING 4G LTE DI WILAYAH REGIONAL SULAWESI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vika Oktavia ◽  
Nachwan Mufti Adriansyah ◽  
Hafidudin .
Keyword(s):  
Core Network ◽  
Control Plane ◽  
Interface Control ◽  
4G Lte

Core network dibutuhkan sebagai penyedia content layanan kepada user. Proses dimenssioning core network 4G LTE di wilayah regional Sulawesi dengan melakukan studi kasus di PT. Telekomunikasi Selular (Telkomsel) hingga tahun 2022. Pada jaringan 4G LTE dengan CSFB diperlukan minimum elemen jaringan 9 MSS, 2 HSS, 5 S/PGW, dan 5 MME. Untuk dimensioning interface dapat mengetahui bandwidth minimum yang harus disediakan. Interface control plane terdiri dari S6a, S11, S10, S1-MME, S5/S8 memerlukan 0,4015 Gbps dan kebutuhan bandwidth interface user plane terdiri dari S5/S8 user plane, S1-U dan SGi adalah 20,075 Gbps. Dari hasil dimensioning element dan interface jaringan menghasilkan topologi jaringan EPC yang dapat diimplementasisan di wilayah regional Sulawesi. Untuk membentuk sistem yang handal dari segi teknikal dan biaya dengan topologi full connection mesh menggunakan pooling sistem. Penentuan link transport dari EPC menghasilkan dua skenario topologi planning core. Sehingga, infrastruktur topologi tersebut dapat menguntungkan baik dari sisi pelanggan maupun operator. Sehingga untuk biaya infrastruktur core network berbanding dengan efisiensi bandwidth yang disediakan dengan memilih rekomendasi link transport untuk skenario yang kedua.

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