The Comparison between Different types of Cold Fluid Ingestion towards Endurance Exercise in Hot and Humid Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Nur Marsya Amani Mohd Jamil ◽  
Muhamad Nur Fitri Azari ◽  
Norlena Salamuddin ◽  
Azrina Md Azhari ◽  
Nur Shakila Mazalan
Keyword(s):  
Core Temperature ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
Fluid Ingestion ◽  
Cold Fluid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cooling Methods

The rise in body core temperature associated with continuous exercise in hot and humid environments is known to possess a particularly stressful challenge to the maintenance of normal body temperature and fluid homeostasis. Recent evidence has shown that internal cooling methods, such as drinking cold fluids, are able to lower core temperature and enhance endurance performance in the heat. Pre-cooling (before exercise) and per-cooling (during exercise) methods were use, as ingesting cold fluids is easily implemented on site and provides additional benefit of hydration for athletes. Therefore, this study examines the effectiveness of pre-cooling and per-cooling methods on endurance exercise towards heart rate, rectal temperature, sweat rate, and power output of athletes ingesting different types of cold fluids. 3 female high-performance cyclists were asked to complete a 30km time trial on a cycle ergometer. The familiarisation and experimental sessions were identical, however application of fluid ingestion at 4-5°C before and during exercise differs (plain water = PW, Guava juice = GJ, isotonic drink = ID). Fluid is ingested every 15 minutes during the exercise sessions. As different athletes possess different work intensities, results showed that there is no significant difference on the effects of different types of cold fluid ingestion towards thermoregulation of the body as each fluid succeeded in enhancing athletes’ performance. Therefore, it is suggested that the consumption of any types of fluid at cold temperature could help in body thermoregulation as well as enhancing continuous exercise performance.

Restoration of thermoregulation after exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
Ryan McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Internal Core ◽  
Body Core

Performing exercise, especially in hot conditions, can heat the body, causing significant increases in internal body temperature. To offset this increase, powerful and highly developed autonomic thermoregulatory responses (i.e., skin blood flow and sweating) are activated to enhance whole body heat loss; a response mediated by temperature-sensitive receptors in both the skin and the internal core regions of the body. Independent of thermal control of heat loss, nonthermal factors can have profound consequences on the body’s ability to dissipate heat during exercise. These include the activation of the body’s sensory receptors (i.e., baroreceptors, metaboreceptors, mechanoreceptors, etc.) as well as phenotypic factors such as age, sex, acclimation, fitness, and chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes). The influence of these factors extends into recovery such that marked impairments in thermoregulatory function occur, leading to prolonged and sustained elevations in body core temperature. Irrespective of the level of hyperthermia, there is a time-dependent suppression of the body’s physiological ability to dissipate heat. This delay in the restoration of postexercise thermoregulation has been associated with disturbances in cardiovascular function which manifest most commonly as postexercise hypotension. This review examines the current knowledge regarding the restoration of thermoregulation postexercise. In addition, the factors that are thought to accelerate or delay the return of body core temperature to resting levels are highlighted with a particular emphasis on strategies to manage heat stress in athletic and/or occupational settings.

Thermal regulatory dysfunction of growth hormone in classical heat stroke?

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-730
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Alzeer ◽  
Abdullah Al Arifi ◽  
Mohsen El-Hazmi ◽  
Arjumand S Warsy ◽  
Eric S Nylen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Body Core ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Regulatory Dysfunction

Alzeer A, Al Arifi A, El-Hazmi M, Warsy AS, Nylen ES. Thermal regulatory dysfunction of growth hormone in classical heat stroke? Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:727–30. ISSN 0804–4643 Growth hormone (GH) secretion associated with classical (non-exertional) heat stroke (HS) was evaluated in 26 HS victims and 10 control (non heat-exhausted) subjects during the annual Hajj in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. On admission to the HS treatment unit, the GH level was 1.54 ± 0.14 ng/ml (approximately 3.5-fold higher in the HS victims compared to controls; p = 0.005). The GH levels subsequently declined by 78% by 24 h. The categorized GH response was significantly associated with survival for those subjects with a GH level of < 5.53 ng/ml by 6 h (chi-squared test; p = 0.06). In those patients who died (N = 6), there was a continued increase in GH levels from the time of admission, which peaked at 6 h. In those patients who survived, the GH levels peaked at the time of admission and declined rapidly thereafter. There was a direct correlation of age and GH level upon admission (p = 0.02), as well as to peak GH (p = 0.041). However, there was no relationship of GH level to either body core temperature or the cooling time. In summary, HS induced significant GH secretion. The degree of GH response was not related to the body core temperature and was more pronounced in older individuals and in those that died. Although patients with GH deficiency and HS are characterized by anhidrosis/hypohidrosis, there does not appear to be dysfunction of GH response to heat stress-associated HS. In contrast, a vigorous GH response at 6 h suggested a worse outcome. ES Nylen, Rm GE 246, VAMC, 50 Irving St, NW Washington, DC 20422, USA

scholarly journals Pengaruh perbedaan jenis pakan terhadap pertumbuhan lobster laut, Panulirus versicolor

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lestari Makasangkil ◽  
Indra R.N. Salindeho ◽  
Cyska Lumenta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Test Level

The aim of the research was to find out the growth rate of the marine lobster, Panulirus versicolor, fed different types of diets.   The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquaculture Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University.  The experiment was set up  in 3 treatments, which were three different types of diet: treatment-A: papaya leaves, treatment-B: coconut flesh, treatment-C: skipjack-fish flesh.  Each treatment was triplicated.  The tested lobsters were collected from the marine waters of the Likupang village, North Minahasa Regency.  The tested lobsters were weighed at the beginning,  at the end of the experiment, and at the interval of 14 days during the experiment period. The data of the body weight change were statistically analysed using the analysis of the homogeneity of the 3 different linear regression coefficients, between time (X) and the body weight of the lobsters (Y) fed different types of feed, at the confidence test level a = 5% and 1%.  The results show that the body weight of the tested lobsters fed skipjack-fish flesh increased 4 grams after 30 days of the rearing period.  The body weight of the tested lobsters fed papaya leaves decreased 11 g, and the body weight of those fed coconut flesh decreased 3 g after 30 days of the rearing period.  The result of the regression analysis shows, the assumption that the 3 regression coefficients are homogenous is rejected.  In other words, there is a significant difference among the growth rates of the tested lobsters fed different type of diets.  Compared to skipjack-fish flesh, the papaya leaves and coconut flesh significantly slow down the level of the water quality degradation during experiment period.Keywords:  diets, growth, marine-lobster

Heat loss responses in rats acclimated to heat loaded intermittently

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Shido ◽  
T. Nagasaka
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Direct Body

The present study examined the heat loss response of heat-acclimated rats to direct body heating with an intraperitoneal heater or to indirect warming by elevating the ambient temperature (Ta). The heat acclimation of the rats was attained through exposure to Ta of 33 or 36 degrees C for 5 h daily during 15 consecutive days. Control rats were kept at Ta of 24 degrees C for the same acclimation period. Heat acclimation lowered the body core temperature at Ta of 24 degrees C, and the core temperature level was lowered as acclimation temperature increased. When heat was applied by direct body heating, the threshold hypothalamic temperature (Thy) for the tail skin vasodilation was also lower in heat-acclimated rats than in the control rats. However, the amount of increase in Thy from the resting level to the threshold was the same in all three groups. When heat was applied by indirect warming, threshold Thy was slightly higher in heat-acclimated than in control rats. The amount of increase in Thy from the resting level to the threshold was significantly greater in heat-acclimated rats. In addition, Ta and the skin temperature at the onset of skin vasodilation were significantly higher in heat-acclimated rats. The results indicate that heat-acclimated rats were less sensitive to the increase in skin temperature in terms of threshold Thy. The gain constant of nonevaporative heat loss response was assessed by plotting total thermal conductance against Thy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals A Human Thermoregulation Simulator for Calibrating Water-Perfused Cooling Pad Systems for Therapeutic Hypothermia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya S. E. Chacko ◽  
Ali Seifi ◽  
Kenneth R. Diller
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Convective Transport ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
The Core ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Human Thermoregulation

The induction of a mild reduction in body core temperature has been demonstrated to provide neuroprotection for patients who have suffered a medical event resulting in ischemia to the brain or vital organs. Temperatures in the range of 32–34 °C provide the required level of protection and can be produced and maintained by diverse means for periods of days. Rewarming from hypothermia must be conducted slowly to avoid serious adverse consequences and usually is performed under control of the thermal therapeutic device based on a closed-loop feedback strategy based on the patient's core temperature. Given the sensitivity and criticality of this process, it is important that the device control system be able to interact with the human thermoregulation system, which itself is highly nonlinear. The therapeutic hypothermia device must be calibrated periodically to ensure that its performance is accurate and safe for the patient. In general, calibration processes are conducted with the hypothermia device operating on a passive thermal mass that behaves much differently than a living human. This project has developed and demonstrated an active human thermoregulation simulator (HTRS) that embodies major governing thermal functions such as central metabolism, tissue conduction, and convective transport between the core and the skin surface via the flow of blood and that replicates primary dimensions of the torso. When operated at physiological values for metabolism and cardiac output, the temperature gradients created across the body layers and the heat exchange with both an air environment and a clinical water-circulating cooling pad system match that which would occur in a living body. Approximately two-thirds of the heat flow between the core and surface is via convection rather than conduction, highlighting the importance of including the contribution of blood circulation to human thermoregulation in a device designed to calibrate the functioning of a therapeutic hypothermia system. The thermoregulation simulator functions as anticipated for a typical living patient during both body cooling and warming processes. This human thermoregulatory surrogate can be used to calibrate the thermal function of water-perfused cooling pads for a hypothermic temperature management system during both static and transient operation.

Keeping a Cool Head

Physiology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cabanac
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Poor Tolerance ◽  
Selective Cooling ◽  
Body Core ◽  
The Brain

The mammalian brain has poor tolerance to increased temperature. However, when body core temperature rises during exercise or heat stress, the temperature of the brain can remain at a lower level, somewhat independent of the rest of the body. In several mammals the cooling of the brain is related to anatomically well-defined countercurrent heat exchangers. Humans lack these distinct anatomic structures, but significant cooling of the brain can nevertheless occur. Such selective cooling of the brain may have important medical implicantions.

Control of respiratory evaporative heat loss in exercising goats

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Mercer ◽  
C. Jessen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Body Core ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rest And Exercise

Investigations were carried out to determine whether a nonthermal input is involved in the control of respiratory evaporative heat loss (REHL) in exercising goats. Two goats were implanted with hypothalamic perfusion thermodes and three goats were implanted with intravascular heat exchangers to clamp hypothalamic temperature and total body core temperature, respectively. At 30 degrees C air temperature REHL was measured while the animals were resting or walking on a treadmill (3 km.h-1, 5 degrees gradient). When the hypothalamic temperature was clamped between 33.0 and 43.0 degrees C the slopes of the responses relating increased REHL to hypothalamic temperature were similar during rest and exercise. However, the threshold hypothalamic temperatures for the increased REHL responses were lower during exercise than at rest, presumably due to higher extrahypothalamic temperatures. When the body core temperature was clamped between 37.0 and 40.4 degrees C the slopes of the responses relating increased REHL to total body core temperature during exercise showed only minor differences compared to those at rest, none of them conclusively indicating nonthermal influences.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MOTOR ACTIVITIES AT PE LESSONS ON MYOPIA PROGRESSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
L Kodaneva ◽  
N Ratkina
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Motor Activities

Aim. The article deals with assessing the effect of different types of motor activity performed during physical education classes on myopia development. Materials and methods. 42 female university students aged 18 years participated in the study. All participants are characterized by acquired uncomplicated myopia. Three homogenous groups of fourteen were formed. The first group performed Nordic walking at PE classes, the second group used a fitness game (Just Dance), the third group was exempted from attending practical PE classes. All female students underwent an ophthalmic examination at the beginning and at the end of the study. The level of physical development and functional abilities of the body was established in all participants. The assessment was conducted based on the dynamics of indicators. Results. It was established that Nordic walking and lessons with a fitness game (Just Dance) did not influence significantly myopia development (р > 0.05). In the first group, myopia development was registered at the level of 0.34 diopter/year, and in the second group – 0.31 diopter/year. However, the comparison of the data obtained with those of the third group revealed a statistically significant difference (р < 0.01). Myopia development in the group exempted from attending practical PE classes was 0.75 diopter/year. Positive dynamics in motor coordination was registered in 57.1% of the first group and 64.3% of the second group. The majority of people from these groups demonstrated an increase in the indicators of the muscular strength of the leading arm and chest excursion. Moreover, more significant changes were registered for the group with a fitness game (Just Dance). The indicators of the third group remained at the same level or even worsened. Conclusion. Different types of motor activity at PE classes reduce  myopia development approximately in the same way. A negative dynamics reveled for certain indicators in the third group can be probably determined by the deficit of motor activity due to huge academic load.

scholarly journals An intra ruminal heat exchanger for use in large concious animals

Rangifer ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Mercer ◽  
Helge K. Johnsen ◽  
Svein D. Mathiesen ◽  
Arnoldus Schytte Blix
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Large Ruminant ◽  
Body Core ◽  
Total Body

<p>A method is described whereby it is possible to alter total body core temperature independently of environmetal temperature and/or exercise in conscious reindeer. The method employs the use of a simple heat exchanger introduced through a permanent rumen fistula. The heat exchanger consists of a 7 m long coil of flexible plastic tubing (OD, 10.0 mm, ID, 8.0 mm). By perfusing the tubing with thermostatically controlled water, heat can be added to or subtracted from the body core at rates equalling several times resting heat production. It is suggested that the method could be used in any large ruminant species.</p><p>En intra-rumenal varmeveksler til bruk i st&oslash;rre, uanesteserte dyr.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Vi har i denne unders&oslash;kelsen beskrevet en metode for hvordan kroppstemperatur hos uanesteserte reinsdyr kan endres uavhengig av omgivelsestemperatur og om dyret l&oslash;per eller ikke. Metoden inneb&aelig;rer bruk av en enkel varmeveksler som plasseres i dyrets vom gjennom en permanent vom-fistel. Varmeveksleren best&aring;r av en 7 m lang kveil av fleksibel plastslange (ytre diameter 10.0 mm, indre diameter 8.0 mm). Ved &aring; perfundere slangen med vann av en bestemt temperatur er det mulig &aring; fjerne eller tilf&oslash;re kroppen en varmemengde som tilsvarer flere ganger dyrets varmeproduksjon. Vi mener at denne metoden kan tilpasses alle store dr&oslash;vtyggere.</p><p>Potsiin asetettavan l&aring;mpotilan muuttajan k&aring;ytto suurilla nukkumattomilla el&aring;imill&aring;.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Tutkimuksessa olemme kuvanneet menetelman, jolla voidaan muuttaa nukuttamattoman poron ruumiinl&aring;mpotilaa riippumatta ulkolampotilasta tai siita juokseeko el&aring;in vai ei. Menetelmassa k&aring;ytaan yksinkertaista l&aring;mpotilan muuttajaa, joka asetetaan elaimeen pysyyan potsifistulan kautta. L&aring;mpotilan muuttaja kasitt&aring;a 7 m pitkan muoviletkurullan (letkun halkaisija 10.6 mm, reian halkaisija" 8.0 mmJTTaytt&aring;m&aring;lla letku tietyn lampoisell&aring; vedella on mahdollista joko laskea tai nostaa ruumiin lampom&aring;&aring;r&aring;a niin, etta se vastaa moninkertaisesti elaimen omaa l&aring;mmontuottoa. Oletamme, etta menetelm&aring;a voidaan kaytta&aring; kaikille suurille m&aring;rehtijoille.</p>

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