scholarly journals A review of the targeting sites and biological roles of miR-4800; a novel tumor biomarker with therapeutic potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monireh Khordadmehr ◽  
Reyhaneh Matin ◽  
Behzad Baradaran ◽  
Amir Baghbanzadeh ◽  
Farinaz Jigari-Asl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tumor Biomarker ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as a group of short noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs). Mainly, they can manage gene expression at the posttranscriptional level in the essential biological and physiological functions. Significantly, more than 50% of the discovered miRNAs genes are placed in cancer‐related genomic regions, which can act as oncomiR or oncosuppressor. In this regard, growing evidence recently demonstrated the deregulation of miR-4800 in human cancers and non-cancerous diseases. However, little information is available on the biological roles of miR-4800 in cancer initiation, development, and progression. Here, we reviewed the targeting sites and biogenesis functions of the miR‐4800 family in physiological and pathological processes like human cancers, particularly with a particular focusing on the validated specific targets.

scholarly journals LncRNA HOTAIR: A Potential Prognostic Factor and Therapeutic Target in Human Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoru Xin ◽  
Qianan Li ◽  
Jinyong Fang ◽  
Tiejun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Human Solid Tumors ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lncrna Hotair

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators of gene expression and physiological processes. LncRNAs are a class of ncRNAs of 200 nucleotides in length. HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), a trans-acting lncRNA with regulatory function on transcription, can repress gene expression by recruiting chromatin modifiers. HOTAIR is an oncogenic lncRNA, and numerous studies have determined that HOTAIR is highly upregulated in a wide variety of human cancers. In this review, we briefly summarize the impact of lncRNA HOTAIR expression and functions on different human solid tumors, and emphasize the potential of HOTAIR on tumor prognosis and therapy. Here, we review the recent studies that highlight the prognostic potential of HOTAIR in drug resistance and survival, and the progress of therapies developed to target HOTAIR to date. Furthermore, targeting HOTAIR results in the suppression of HOTAIR expression or function. Thus, HOTAIR knockdown exhibits great therapeutic potential in various cancers, indicating that targeting lncRNA HOTAIR may serve as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. We also propose that preclinical studies involving HOTAIR are required to provide a better understanding of the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of its expression and function in different human cancers and to explore effective methods of targeting HOTAIR and engineering efficient and targeted drug delivery methods in vivo.

Oncogenic LncRNA CASC9 in Cancer Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Qi ◽  
Chaoying Song ◽  
Jiali Zhang ◽  
Chong Guo ◽  
Chengfu Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Current Review

Background: Long non-coding RNA (LncRNAs), with the length over 200 nucleotides, originate from intergenic, antisense, or promoter-proximal regions, is a large family of RNAs that lack coding capacity. Emerging evidences illustrated that LncRNAs played significant roles in a variety of cellular functions and biological processes in profuse human diseases, especially in cancers. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9), as a member of the LncRNAs group, was firstly found its oncogenic function in esophageal cancer. In following recent studies, a growing amount of human malignancies are verified to be correlated with CASC9, most of which are derived from the squamous epithelium tissue. This present review attempts to highlight the latest insights into the expression, functional roles, and molecular mechanisms of CASC9 in different human malignancies. Methods: In this review, the latest findings related to the pathophysiological processes of CASC9 in human cancers were summarized and analyzed, the associated studies were collected in systematically retrieval of PubMed used lncRNA and CASA9 as keywords. Results: CASC9 expression is identified to be aberrantly elevated in a variety of malignancies. The over-expression of CASC9 has been suggested to accelerate cell proliferation, migration, cell growth and drug resistance of cancer cells, while depress cell apoptosis, revealing its role as an oncogene. Moreover, the current review demonstrated CASC9 closely relates to neoplastic transformation of squamous epithelial cells and squamous metaplasia in non-squamous epithelial tissues. Finally, we discuss the limitations and tremendous diagnostic/therapeutic potential of CASC9 in various human cancers. Results: CASC9 expression is identified to be aberrantly elevated in a variety of malignancies. The over-expression of CASC9 has been suggested to accelerate cell proliferation, migration, cell growth and drug resistance of cancer cells, while depress cell apoptosis, revealing its role as an oncogene. Moreover, the current review demonstrated CASC9 closely relates to neoplastic transformation of squamous epithelial cells and squamous metaplasia in non-squamous epithelial tissues. Finally, we discuss the limitations and tremendous diagnostic/therapeutic potential of CASC9 in various human cancers. Conclusion: Long non-coding RNACASC9 likely served as useful disease biomarkers or therapy targets that could effectively apply in treatment of different kinds of cancers.

scholarly journals NF-κB in Cancer Immunity: Friend or Foe?

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Guilhem Lalle ◽  
Julie Twardowski ◽  
Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transcriptional Activators ◽  
New Class ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Cancer Outcome

The emergence of immunotherapies has definitely proven the tight relationship between malignant and immune cells, its impact on cancer outcome and its therapeutic potential. In this context, it is undoubtedly critical to decipher the transcriptional regulation of these complex interactions. Following early observations demonstrating the roles of NF-κB in cancer initiation and progression, a series of studies converge to establish NF-κB as a master regulator of immune responses to cancer. Importantly, NF-κB is a family of transcriptional activators and repressors that can act at different stages of cancer immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the selective cell-intrinsic contributions of NF-κB to the distinct cell types that compose the tumor immune environment. We also propose a new view of NF-κB targeting drugs as a new class of immunotherapies for cancer.

scholarly journals A standardized polyherbal preparation POL-6 diminishes alcohol withdrawal anxiety by regulating Gabra1, Gabra2, Gabra3, Gabra4, Gabra5 gene expression of GABAA receptor signaling pathway in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Sharma ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar Dash ◽  
Gopal Singh Bisht ◽  
Girdhari Lal Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

Abstract Background Alcohol abuse is a major problem worldwide and it affects people’s health and economy. There is a relapse in alcohol intake due to alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol withdrawal anxiety-like behavior is a symptom that appears 6–24 h after the last alcohol ingestion. Methods The present study was designed to explore the protective effect of a standardized polyherbal preparation POL-6 in ethanol withdrawal anxiety in Wistar rats. POL-6 was prepared by mixing the dried extracts of six plants Bacopa monnieri, Hypericum perforatum, Centella asiatica, Withania somnifera, Camellia sinesis, and Ocimum sanctum in the proportion 2:1:2:2:1:2 respectively. POL-6 was subjected to phytochemical profiling through LC-MS, HPLC, and HPTLC. The effect of POL-6 on alcohol withdrawal anxiety was tested using a two-bottle choice drinking paradigm model giving animals’ free choice between alcohol and water for 15 days. Alcohol was withdrawn on the 16th day and POL-6 (20, 50, and 100 mg/kg, oral), diazepam (2 mg/kg) treatment was given on the withdrawal days. Behavioral parameters were tested using EPM and LDT. On the 18th day blood was collected from the retro-orbital sinus of the rats and alcohol markers ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were studied. At end of the study, animals were sacrificed and the brain was isolated for exploring the influences of POL-6 on the mRNA expression of GABAA receptor subunits in the amygdala and hippocampus. Results Phytochemical profiling showed that POL-6 contains major phytoconstituents like withaferin A, quercetin, catechin, rutin, caeffic acid, and β-sitosterol. In-vivo studies showed that POL-6 possesses an antianxiety effect in alcohol withdrawal. Gene expression studies on the isolated brain tissues showed that POL-6 normalizes the GABAergic transmission in the amygdala and hippocampus of the rats. Conclusion The study concludes that POL-6 may have therapeutic potential for treating ethanol-type dependence.

scholarly journals Neurobiology of Cancer: Introduction of New Drugs in the Treatment and Prevention of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6115
Author(s):  
Boris Mravec
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Adrenergic Signaling ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

Research on the neurobiology of cancer, which lies at the border of neuroscience and oncology, has elucidated the mechanisms and pathways that enable the nervous system to modulate processes associated with cancer initiation and progression. This research has also shown that several drugs which modulate interactions between the nervous system and the tumor micro- and macroenvironments significantly reduced the progression of cancer in animal models. Encouraging results were also provided by prospective clinical trials investigating the effect of drugs that reduce adrenergic signaling on the course of cancer in oncological patients. Moreover, it has been shown that reducing adrenergic signaling might also reduce the incidence of cancer in animal models, as well as in humans. However, even if many experimental and clinical findings have confirmed the preventive and therapeutic potential of drugs that reduce the stimulatory effect of the nervous system on processes related to cancer initiation and progression, several questions remain unanswered. Therefore, the aim of this review is to critically evaluate the efficiency of these drugs and to discuss questions that need to be answered before their introduction into conventional cancer treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals Physiological functions of fatty acid receptors and their therapeutic potential

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Hara ◽  
Akira Hirasawa ◽  
Atsuhiko Ichimura ◽  
Ikuo Kimura ◽  
Gozoh Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Functions

scholarly journals Impact of male trait exaggeration on sex-biased gene expression and genome architecture in a water strider

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Toubiana ◽  
David Armisén ◽  
Corentin Dechaud ◽  
Roberto Arbore ◽  
Abderrahman Khila
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Genome Architecture ◽  
Water Strider ◽  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Abstract Background Exaggerated secondary sexual traits are widespread in nature and often evolve under strong directional sexual selection. Although heavily studied from both theoretical and empirical viewpoints, we have little understanding of how sexual selection influences sex-biased gene regulation during the development of exaggerated secondary sexual phenotypes, and how these changes are reflected in genomic architecture. This is primarily due to the limited availability of representative genomes and associated tissue and sex transcriptomes to study the development of these traits. Here we present the genome and developmental transcriptomes, focused on the legs, of the water strider Microvelia longipes, a species where males exhibit strikingly long third legs compared to females, which they use as weapons. Results We generated a high-quality genome assembly with 90% of the sequence captured in 13 scaffolds. The most exaggerated legs in males were particularly enriched in both sex-biased and leg-biased genes, indicating a specific signature of gene expression in association with trait exaggeration. We also found that male-biased genes showed patterns of fast evolution compared to non-biased and female-biased genes, indicative of directional or relaxed purifying selection. By contrast to male-biased genes, female-biased genes that are expressed in the third legs, but not the other legs, are over-represented in the X chromosome compared to the autosomes. An enrichment analysis for sex-biased genes along the chromosomes revealed also that they arrange in large genomic regions or in small clusters of two to four consecutive genes. The number and expression of these enriched regions were often associated with the exaggerated legs of males, suggesting a pattern of common regulation through genomic proximity in association with trait exaggeration. Conclusion Our findings indicate how directional sexual selection may drive sex-biased gene expression and genome architecture along the path to trait exaggeration and sexual dimorphism.

Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej T. Wierzbicki ◽  
Todd Blevins ◽  
Szymon Swiezewski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Coding Potential

Plants have an extraordinary diversity of transcription machineries, including five nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Four of these enzymes are dedicated to the production of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are ribonucleic acids with functions independent of their protein-coding potential. lncRNAs display a broad range of lengths and structures, but they are distinct from the small RNA guides of RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. lncRNAs frequently serve as structural, catalytic, or regulatory molecules for gene expression. They can affect all elements of genes, including promoters, untranslated regions, exons, introns, and terminators, controlling gene expression at various levels, including modifying chromatin accessibility, transcription, splicing, and translation. Certain lncRNAs protect genome integrity, while others respond to environmental cues like temperature, drought, nutrients, and pathogens. In this review, we explain the challenge of defining lncRNAs, introduce the machineries responsible for their production, and organize this knowledge by viewing the functions of lncRNAs throughout the structure of a typical plant gene. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 72 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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