scholarly journals Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Process Variables of Atorvastatin Suspension Preparation by Microprecipitation Method Using Desirability Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Maryam Maghsoodi ◽  
Seyed hassan Montazam ◽  
Hossein Rezvantalab ◽  
Mitra Jelvehgari
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Crystalline Substance ◽  
Brij 35 ◽  
Aqueous Solvent ◽  
Experimental Design Method ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Suspension Preparation

Background : Atorvastatin (AT), as a synthetic lipid-lowering agent, is a highly crystalline substance having poor solubility and low bioavailability. The objective of the present research was to improve the microprecipitation method of AT suspension preparation. Methods: Microprecipitation parameters were improved using Box-Behnken experimental design method. The suspension was formulated with Brij 35 (stabilizer agent) using methanol as solvent and water as non-solvent, respectively. DSC, XRD, FTIR studies were performed for characterization of the microcrystals. With the aim of evaluating the effect of independent variables, the amounts of organic solvent (X1), emulsifier concentration (X2), stirring rate (X3), and volume of aqueous solvent (X4) on dependent variables, drug content (DC,) particle size (PS), drug released after 5 minutes (Q5), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°tr), crystal yield (CY) and saturated solubility (Ss), a full factorial was used. Results: The results of DSC, XRD, and FTIR showed that there was not any interaction between AT and Brij 35. This research demonstrated a reduction in crystallinity in agglomerates. The microcrystals showed that micromeritics characteristics were significantly improved compared to pure AT. The content of drug and yield crystal was in the limit of 42.58-110.24% and 58.33-98.18% in all formulations, respectively. It was shown that the prepared microcrystals had a higher rate of release compared to the untreated AT powder (P< 0.05). Size reduction of AT is needed for improving the solubility. Solubility and drug release rates of At was enhanced with the microprecipitation method. Conclusion: The results showed that microcrystals significantly increased AT dissolution rate.

Analysis of the effects of fabric reinforcement parameters on the mechanical properties of textile-based hybrid composites by full factorial experimental design method

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hande Sezgin ◽  
Omer B Berkalp
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Design Method ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Fabric Reinforcement ◽  
Experimental Design Method ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Full Factorial

In this study, the effect of some fabric reinforcement parameters (fabric direction, yarn type and stacking sequence) on the mechanical properties of textile based hybrid composites are analysed by using full factorial experimental design method. The analysis of the results is achieved by using Minitab 17 software program. One factor (fabric reinforcement direction) with two levels (warp direction and weft direction) and two factors (yarn type and stacking sequence) with three levels (jute/glass, jute/carbon, glass/carbon and consecutive, low strength inside, high strength inside) are selected as the reinforcement design. Full factorial experimental design analysis results indicate that, the highest tensile and impact strength values among the experimental design are realised when samples are taken from the warp direction and E-glass/carbon combination is chosen as the yarn (material) type. Moreover, it is verified that while higher tensile strength is achieved by placing higher strength fabrics to the inner layers, higher impact strength is achieved by placing high strength fabrics to the outer layers of hybrid composite structures. Analysis of variance tables also show that at 95% confidence level, the effects of the factors are statistically significant ( p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Analysis of the factors affecting the dimensional stability of socks using full-factorial experimental design method

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502094821
Author(s):  
Sikander Abbas Basra ◽  
Norina Asfand ◽  
Zeeshan Azam ◽  
Khurram Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Awais Irshad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Experimental Design Method ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Full Factorial

Socks, which are a necessary item of clothing, need to be comfortable, affordable, and retain their quality throughout their life. Dimensional stability is one of the basic requirements of socks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contributing factors, that is, elastane percentage, main yarn material, and process type on dimensional stability of socks. Four different percentages of elastane in plaiting yarn (4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%), two main yarns materials (100% cotton and polyester/cotton 52/48), and two process types (wash and bleach) were taken as level of input variables to study the effect on dimensional stability of socks using full-factorial experimental design method. Statistical tool (analysis of variance) was used to check the significant effect of different factors. It was found that with the increase in elastane percentage, shrinkage was decreased. Cotton was found to have more shrinkage percentage as compared to polyester/cotton. In addition, it was observed that washing treatment produced significantly lesser shrinkage than bleaching. These data present a great interest to sock manufacturers who can make better choices to manufacture, dimensionally stable socks.

scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Laser-Sintered Cellulose/PLA Mixture

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
David L. Bourell ◽  
Yanling Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Scan Speed ◽  
Full Factorial

This studied aimed at improving the mechanical properties for a new biopolymer feedstock using laser-sintering technology, especially when its laser-sintered parts are intended to be applied in the industrial and medical fields. Process parameter optimization and thermal post-processing are two approaches proposed in this work to improve the mechanical properties of laser-sintered 10 wt % cellulose-polylactic acid (10%-CPLA) parts. Laser-sintering experiments using 23 full factorial design method were conducted to assess the effects of process parameters on parts’ mechanical properties. A simulation of laser-energy distribution was carried out using Matlab to evaluate the experimental results. The characterization of mechanical properties, crystallinity, microstructure, and porosity of laser-sintered 10%-CPLA parts after thermal post-processing of different annealing temperatures was performed to analyze the influence of thermal post-processing on part properties. Image analysis of fracture surfaces was used to obtain the porosity of laser-sintered 10%-CPLA parts. Results showed that the optimized process parameters for mechanical properties of laser-sintered 10%-CPLA parts were laser power 27 W, scan speed 1600 mm/s, and scan spacing 0.1 mm. Thermal post-processing at 110 °C produced best properties for laser-sintered 10%-CPLA parts.

scholarly journals Modeling using experimental design method of the physicochemical parameters of the water quality in Meknes city, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Ghariba Bouazza ◽  
Mohammed Assou ◽  
Salah Souabi ◽  
El Houssine Chatri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Experimental Design Method ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Experimental Design Methodology

This study was focused on the characterization of physicochemical parameters of drinking water, which are mainly involved during water treatment or analysis processes. we were interested in the application of the experimental design methodology, according to the method of Yates on the parameters that characterize the quality of drinking water in Meknes, Morocco. Six factors have been identified to control this quality. The influence of these parameters on the responses accommodated at the exit was highlighted. The derivation of a theoretical model has been realized and a series of experiments was performed. The analysis of our results, based on a statistical approach, was presented and the parameters that have a significant influence on the outputs have been identified. From these results, we can conclude that the input factors such as hardness, pH, conductivity, residual chlorine and turbidity have a large influence on measured output response (pHs). Moreover, the theoretical and experimental results are very convergent which validate our studied model.

Application of 32 Full Factorial Design and Desirability Function for Optimizing The Manufacturing Process for Directly Compressible Multi-Functional Co-Processed Excipient

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-539
Author(s):  
Jalpa Patel ◽  
Dhaval Mori
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
32 Full Factorial Design ◽  
Response Variables

Background: Developing a new excipient and obtaining its market approval is an expensive, time-consuming and complex process. Compared to that, the co-processing of already approved excipients has emerged as a more attractive option for bringing better characteristic excipients to the market. The application of the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for developing co-processed excipient can make the entire process cost-effective and rapid. Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to demonstrate the applicability of the DoE approach, especially 32 full factorial design, to develop a multi-functional co-processed excipient for the direct compression of model drug - cefixime trihydrate using spray drying technique. Methods: The preliminary studies proved the significant effect of atomization pressure (X1) and polymer ratio (microcrystalline cellulose: mannitol - X2) on critical product characteristics, so they were selected as independent variables. The angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, tensile strength and Kuno’s constant were selected as response variables. Result: The statistical analysis proved a significant effect of both independent variables on all response variables with a significant p-value < 0.05. The desirability function available in Design Expert 11® software was used to prepare and select the optimized batch. The prepared co-processed excipient had better compressibility than individual excipients and their physical mixture and was able to accommodate more than 40 percent drug without compromising the flow property and compressibility. Conclusion: The present investigation successfully proved the applicability of 32 full factorial design as an effective tool for optimizing the spray drying process to prepare a multi-functional co-processed excipient.

CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF SAND: EFFECT OF INITIAL FABRIC

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450001 ◽  
Author(s):  
BO LI ◽  
XIANGWU ZENG ◽  
HAO YU
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Permeability Test ◽  
Fabric Anisotropy ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Centrifuge Tests

The micro-fabric of deposition reflects the imprints of its geologic and stress history, its depositional environment, and its weathering history. Recent experience shows that the fabric anisotropy does influence the static and dynamic behavior of granular materials. In this study, a series of centrifuge tests are conducted to investigate the effects of fabric anisotropy on the dynamic response in the free field. The results show the acceleration, pore pressure, and residual settlement is significantly affected by the fabric anisotropy of the ground, which shows the liquefaction resistance of the ground. Meanwhile, the response of acceleration is analyzed in frequency domain, which shows that the model prepared by 90° absorbs more energy than that of 0°. To verify the effects induced by the initial fabric, permeability test are conducted and related to the liquefaction potential. The results indicate the fabric anisotropy should be incorporated into the design method.

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