scholarly journals Lack of association between ACE I/D, NOS3 VNTR polymorphisms and drug toxicity of tacrolimus treated post-renal transplantation patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e19-e19
Author(s):  
Kathulapali Krishna ◽  
Sanjana Satheesh ◽  
Gnanasambandan Ramanathan ◽  
Solomon F. D. Paul ◽  
Jayakumar Matcha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Dose Ratio ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Vascular Proliferation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vntr Polymorphisms

Introduction: Tacrolimus is the most commonly used calcineurin inhibitor for renal transplant individuals. Genetic factors play a major role in allografts by affecting blood pressure regulation, vascular proliferation and inflammatory responses. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible role of the ACE I/D and NOS3 VNTR polymorphisms in kidney transplantation patients treated with tacrolimus in the south Indian population. Patients and Methods: This study included 50 kidney transplant individuals and 100 unrelated healthy individuals from the general population as control. The genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. Genotypes were compared among cases and controls applying χ2 test. The difference in C/D ratios was compared using Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The ACE ID polymorphisms in different models [genetic (P=0.723), dominant (P=0.148) and recessive (P=0.652)] or allele model (P=0.455) did not differ significantly between the groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference for the NOS3 VNTR genotypes in genetic model (bb vs ba P=0.118; bb vs aa P=0.446), dominant model (bb vs ba+aa P=0.099) and allelic model (b vs a P=0.103). No significant difference was observed for ACE ID and NOS3 VNTR genotypes between the toxicity and non-toxicity groups. Furthermore, no significant association was observed for daily dose and concentration dose ratio for the studied polymorphisms. Conclusion: The present study revealed no significant association between cases and controls as well as toxicity and non-toxicity groups. Furthermore, there was no association between genotypes and daily dose and dose concentration.

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in allele, genotype distributions and lung cancer risk of polymorphisms of gemcitabine metabolic pathway genes in south Indian population

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693
Author(s):  
Devika Tirumalasetty ◽  
Deepak Gopal Shewade ◽  
Biswajit Dubashi ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Katiboina
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Gemcitabine is a widely used cytotoxic drug in the treatment of a number of solid tumors, for instance, lung, pancreatic as well as breast cancer. As a consequence of the progressive genomic instability, the efficiency rates have eventually lowered. Genetic approach targeting one or several genes in drug targeting pathways facilitates substantially more valuable details in explaining the association between variants and also the efficacy of gemcitabine therapy. In addition, several researchers have reported ethnic discrepancies in clinical response to gemcitabine. Thus, the present study was aimed to establish the normative frequencies of genes associated with the metabolic pathway of Gemcitabine (RRM1 -37C>A (rs12806698), RRM1 -524T>C (rs11030918), CDA 79A>C (rs2072671) and CDA 435 C>T (rs1048977) in South Indian healthy population and compared with 1000 genome population. Additionally, the association of these SNPs with the risk of developing lung cancer was also evaluated.Methods: This study was carried out on 184 healthy subjects and 123 lung cancer patients of South Indian origin and genotyping was done using RT-PCR (Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction). The frequencies of the above polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p >0 .05).Results: The minor allele frequencies of the SNPs RRM1 -37C>A (rs12806698), RRM1 -524T>C (rs11030918), CDA 79A>C (rs2072671) and CDA -435 C>T (rs1048977) were 31.3, 36.7, 24.5 and 22.0 respectively.Conclusions: There was a significant difference observed between the genotype and allele frequencies of south Indians with the 1000 genome populations. We also found that SNPs of RRM1 were significantly associated with lung cancer risk.

scholarly journals A Study on Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in Diabetic nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
Gurupavan kumar Ganta1 ◽  
Kedari G S R
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in the world. The metabolic dysregulation of diabetes mellitus affects multiple organs like Kidneys, nerves, eyes and heart. Worldwide Among all diabetics, 20-40% of the people are suffering from Diabetic Nephropathy. Oxidative stress is increased by hyperglycemia in which Reactive Oxygen Species has been implicated in the pathology of these complications. The aim of our present study is one such attempt to find the role of oxidative stress by estimating the levels of oxidants and anti oxidant levels in diabetic nephropathy in ethnic south Indian population. 30 diagnosed cases of diabetic Nephropathy  were taken as cases and 30 age and sex matched Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients were included as controls in the study. For oxidant levels Malondialdehyde (MDA) was estimated and for anti oxidant levels Super oxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione Reductase (GR) were measured. Statistically significant increase is observed in the levels of Malondialdehyde in cases when compared to controls. There is no statistical significant difference in the levels of Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase between cases and controls. Whereas statistical significant difference is observed in the levels of Glutathione reductase in Diabetic Nephropathy cases when compared with controls.

Association of INS VNTR polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in south Indian population

Meta Gene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwangi Dwivedi ◽  
Raghav Sharma ◽  
Prasanna Kumar Shetty ◽  
Anirban Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ins Vntr ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Vntr Polymorphisms

scholarly journals Skull Base Angle Morphometry in South Indian Population with Review on Terminology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeramani Raveendranath ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Dash ◽  
Krishnan Nagarajan ◽  
Thangaraj Kavitha ◽  
Srinidhi Swathi
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Basal Angle ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Basal angle, Boogaard’s angle, and clival angle are frequently used in diagnosing the craniometric angle malformations either on radiography or now more on MRI. But anatomic and clinical studies have used varied terms for these parameters. We aimed to look for these parameters among a normal south Indian adult population to standardize the measurements and their terminology. Materials and Methods One hundred MRI images (50 males and 50 female) were studied retrospectively. MRI images that were reported as normal by neuroradiologist were taken up for the study. Mean and the standard deviation of males and females were calculated for basal angle, Boogaard’s angle, and clival angle, separately. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the significant difference (p < 0.05) between the genders. The intraclass coefficient correlation was used to analyze the interobserver variability. Results The mean value of basal angle in males and females are 113°and 114°, respectively. The mean value of Boogaard’s angle in males and females are 120°and 121°, respectively. The mean value of clival angle in males and females are 157°and 155°, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between males and females in all three angles. Conclusion Knowledge about the normal angles will be an important tool in understanding the normal and abnormal skull base. Since the type of skull varies in accordance with race, the normal craniometric angle also varies in accordance with race. The present study tried to standardize the parameters of normal skull base angles for appropriate correction of the anomalies and uniform usage of terminology.

scholarly journals A study on role of sputum conversion rate in management of tuberculosis in South Indian population

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekhar Bineni ◽  
Pradeep Yarasani ◽  
G. Ravi Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Sputum Conversion ◽  
The Difference

Background: Directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) is the currently recommended control strategy for tuberculosis. Even after intensive phase of directly observed treatment short course, there is delayed sputum smear conversion in some patients due to multiple factors. The present study was undertaken to study the role of sputum conversion in management of tuberculosis.Methods: A total of 229 patients with smear positive Tuberculosis cases of both Category-I and Category-II from DOTS centre in tuberculosis, S.V.R.R. Government General Hospital, Tirupati, A.P were enrolled and registered for the present study. Consent was taken from the patients to study the role of Sputum conversion rate importance in management of Tuberculosis in South Indian population.Results: The sputum conversion rate has been found to be higher in Category I (93.2%) compared to that of Category II (80.8%) and the difference is also found to be statistically significant. The sputum conversion rate has been found to be higher in those who were one + initial grade of sputum 96.1% followed by scanty grading 93.3%.Conclusions: The present study suggests that special attention should be given to patients enrolled for DOTS II regimen to improve sputum conversion rate in management of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Evaluating Central Aortic Blood Pressures in a Tertiary South Indian Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 067-071
Author(s):  
Hemamalini Kavirayani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Of late, central aortic blood pressure (CABP) has emerged as a better parameter than peripheral blood pressure (BP) in the diagnosis of cardiovascular events. Advent of new technologies has facilitated the calculation of CABP from machine-derived peripheral BP. In this study, the author determined the differences between peripheral BP measured manually or by machine and machine-derived CABP and examined whether this difference is stable even after categorizing the sample pool based on sex, hypertension, diabetes status, and β-blocker use. Materials and Methods A total of 83 patients (both male and female) who attended the cardiology outpatient department were enrolled in the study. BP was recorded both manually and using Mobil-O-Graph pulse wave analyzer (ARC Solver) in the patient's sitting posture. The author compared the derived central, manual, and device-measured BP among the patient samples and assessed whether sex, hypertension, diabetes, and β-blocker use influence these differences. Results Among the study population, 28 were females and 55 were males; patients’ mean age was 59.97 ± 12.15 years. The mean peripheral systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) measured manually were127.55 ± 20.15 and 79.73 ± 9.57 mm Hg, respectively. Similar measurements recorded by the device were 129.68 ± 19.93 and 78.92 ± 13.48, respectively. The derived mean central aortic SBP and DBP was 117.69 ± 17.78 and 80.15 ± 13.71, respectively. Statistically significant difference in the manual and central aortic SBP (9.85 ± 11.16; p < 0.0001) was observed. This difference was significant irrespective of sex, hypertension, diabetes status, and β-blocker use. Similarly, difference between machine-derived peripheral SBP and central aortic SBP was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). However, the difference in manual and central aortic DBP was nonsignificant (p = 0.6976). Interestingly, a small (−1.34 ± 2.28) but statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) between machine-derived peripheral DBP and central aortic DBP was observed. Further analysis to find out effect of β-blocker use on CABP revealed that the central aortic SBP is slightly, but statistically significantly, lower in β-blocker users (117.7 ± 17.71; p < 0.0001) than that of β-blocker nonusers (118.9 ± 18.37; p< 0.0001). Conclusion Central aortic systolic pressure is statistically significantly lower than the manually recorded peripheral SBP irrespective of sex, hypertension, diabetes status, and β-blocker use. A small but significant difference was observed between machine-derived peripheral DBP and central aortic DBP. Patients using β-blockers were observed to have marginally lower CABP values than those who are not using them.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE POTENTIATING EFFECT OF TOPICAL PROPARACAINE 0.5% ON TROPICAMIDE 0.8% AND PHENYLEPHRENE 5% INDUCED MYDRIASIS IN A SOUTHINDIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
VIKRAM CHELLAKUMAR ◽  
DHARSHINI RAVINDRAN
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Topical Anesthetic ◽  
Pupillary Dilatation ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: Pupillary dilatation is an integral part of comprehensive ophthalmic examination. It is also essential for cataract surgery and outpatient laser procedures. Rapid and sustained dilatation is often required. It has been proposed that prior instillation of proparacaine 0.5% can potentiate the effect of the routinely used tropicamide 0.8% phenylephrine 5% combination mydriatic agent. However, certain studies have shown that it is not effective in dark colored iris as compared to light colored iris; hence, this study was done on a predominantly South Indian population with dark iris. Methods: Hundred eyes of 50 patients requiring pupillary dilatation as part of routine ophthalmic evaluation were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. The study group was given 0.5% proparacaine before instillation of mydriatic agent and the control group was given only tropicamide 0.8% and phenylephrine 5% eye drops. Pupillary dilatation was measured after 15 min and 30 min in both eyes. The end point was taken as 6 mm pupillary dilatation. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of pupillary dilatation between the control and the study group at 15 min and 30 min after instillation of eye drops. Conclusion: The study concluded that prior instillation produced faster dilatation even in patients with dark colored iris; hence, we suggest the use of topical anesthetic proparacaine 0.5% in situations where rapid mydriasis is required.

Retrospective evidence for clinical validity of expanded genetic model in warfarin dose optimization in a South Indian population

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addepalli Pavani ◽  
Shaik Mohammad Naushad ◽  
Ramesh C Mishra ◽  
Amaresh Rao Malempati ◽  
Ramakrishna Pinjala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Dose Optimization ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
South Indian

scholarly journals Morphometric Determination of Sex of Hyoid Bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Sharada BM ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Thyrohyoid Membrane ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Background and Objectives The hyoid bone shows sexually dimorphic features, which could be used in the sex determination aspect of establishing the biological profile in the remains of skeleton. The aim of this study was to investigate morphometrical variations of the hyoid bone in South Indian population. Materials and Methods A total of 60 adult larynx specimens (30 male and 30 female) with attached hyoid bone were dissected out from postmortem cadavers. The infrahyoid muscles and thyrohyoid membrane were removed. Hyoid bone was dissected and dried completely. Total 10 measurements like length of each greater cornua, length of body, major transverse axis, total hyoid length on both the sides, breadth of hyoid, and height of body of hyoid were taken on each hyoid bone using a digital Vernier caliper. Results The range, mean, standard deviation, and level of significance of all 10 parameters of hyoid bone were calculated using standard statistical method. Most of the parameters showed significant difference between the values of male and female hyoid bones. Conclusion Values obtained for all 10 parameters of hyoid bone were higher in males compared with females, which is suggestive that male hyoid bones are larger in size compared with female hyoid bones.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF PRESCRIBED DAILY DOSE OF ANTICOAGULANTS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Venkateshwarlu K ◽  
Joshua Jacinth Tp ◽  
Praneeth G ◽  
Anusha G ◽  
Rahul Goud N
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Daily Dose

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify the commonly prescribed anticoagulants and to study the prescription pattern of anticoagulants in various indications and to calculate prescribing daily dose (PDD) and to compare PDD with defined daily dose of anticoagulants.Methods: A total of 119 patients of all age groups, either of sex who are receiving anticoagulant therapy were included in this prospective observational study done in limited period of 6 months in the inpatient department of general medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery. Patients who are non-cooperative, cancer patients, psychiatric patients, and patients on hemodialysis and receiving anticoagulant treatment, and patients suffering from end-stage renal disease and hepatic failure are excluded from the study.Results: In this study, we found that heparin, Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), warfarin, and acenocoumarol are the most commonly used drugs, of which heparin is highly prescribed. The use of anticoagulants in cardiovascular diseases was found to be high compared to other indications. PDD: DDD of warfarin is 0.46, acenocoumarol is 0.75, i.e., half the dose of drug showed its effectiveness, whereas heparin is 1.86, LMWH’s is 2.9, i.e., double the dose is used to treat the disease effectively. A total of eight adverse drug reactions are observed with Vitamin K antagonists, i.e., 6.72%.Conclusion: We observed that the anticoagulants were not prescribed as the WHO defined doses in the study site. Vitamin K antagonists were prescribed at half of the WHO defined doses and heparin derivatives were prescribed at increased doses and sometimes double the WHO defined doses; these variations may be due to disease characteristics or patient characteristics or drug characteristics.

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