scholarly journals Clinical and Paraclinical Findings in Children With Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis: A Single Center 10-Year Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohsen Dehghani ◽  
Amir Saeidi ◽  
Farzaneh Nejati ◽  
Iraj Shahramian ◽  
Ali Bazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Period 2

Background: Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is an autosomal hereditary disorder affecting the porto-biliary system. It is a rare hereditary disorder often presenting in childhood or adolescence with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and gastrointestinal bleeding. A timely diagnosis of organomegalies by sonography can prevent esophageal varices. Liver transplantation is now the only cure for CHF. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine clinical and paraclinical findings in patients diagnosed with CHF from 2008 to 2017. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of all children <18 years of age who were diagnosed with CHF from 2008 until 2017 in the pediatric hepatology ward at Nemazee hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Results: Overall, 32 CHF patients were included during the study period. Of these, 12 (37.5%) and 20 (62.5%) were female and male, respectively. The most frequent clinical presentations at diagnosis were hepatomegaly (81%), splenomegaly (68%), gastrointestinal bleeding (43%), abdominal protrusion (40%), ascites (21%), and epistaxis (6%). Severely enlarged livers were observed in 2 patients. Only 5 patients showed a normal-sized spleen, and kidney sonographic findings were normal in 30 patients. Liver enzymes were not severely deviated from the normal range. There was a significant association between spleen size and esophageal varices (P=0.01). Overall, 8 patients were liver transplanted due to decompensated cirrhosis. One patient developed bone marrow suppression secondary to the Epstein bar virus and ultimately succumbed to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. In the study period, 2 girls and 2 boys died of disease complications. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the most common clinical findings of CHF in pediatric patients are splenomegaly and hepatomegaly presenting as abdominal distention and gastrointestinal bleeding. Laboratory data can be normal in most cases, but ultrasonographic findings (in liver, spleen, and even kidneys) can be helpful. The present study also showed that patients with splenomegaly are at higher risk of esophageal varices.

Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients with COVID-19 in Mazandaran Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei ◽  
Majid Saeedi ◽  
Reza Valadan ◽  
Fatemeh Roozbeh ◽  
Omolbanin Amjadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Background: Coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus, causing an epidemic of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) worldwide in late 2019. Objectives: In addition to the clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis can greatly help diagnose the diseases; therefore, this study aimed to analyze laboratory parameters in patients with COVID-19. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the laboratory data of 2563 patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were extracted from hospital information systems (HIS). The data were recorded on Excel and analyzed through t-test, chi-squared, and Fisher’s exact tests in SPSS 19 at the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Out of 2563 patients with a mean age of 55.1 ± 16.7 years, 1409 (55%) were male, and 1154 (45%) were female with a mean age of 55.7 ± 16.8, and 54.3 ± 16.6 years, respectively. As the most frequent clinical findings, ESR, CRP, and LDH were increased by 83.5%, 71%, and 69.3% of the patients, respectively. Other research findings included lymphopenia, disturbed INR, abnormal SGOT, abnormal alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which were significantly higher in men than in women and was different between age groups. Conclusions: Conducting simple, convenient, and inexpensive laboratory tests can be helpful in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The association between clinical laboratory data and chest CT findings explains disease severity in a large Italian cohort of COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Canovi ◽  
◽  
Giulia Besutti ◽  
Efrem Bonelli ◽  
Valentina Iotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Abstract Background Laboratory data and computed tomography (CT) have been used during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly to determine patient prognosis and guide clinical management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CT findings and laboratory data in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Methods This was an observational cross-sectional study including consecutive patients presenting to the Reggio Emilia (Italy) province emergency rooms for suspected COVID-19 for one month during the outbreak peak, who underwent chest CT scan and laboratory testing at presentation and resulted positive for SARS-CoV-2. Results Included were 866 patients. Total leukocytes, neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, AST, ALT and LDH increase with worsening parenchymal involvement; an increase in platelets was appreciable with the highest burden of lung involvement. A decrease in lymphocyte counts paralleled worsening parenchymal extension, along with reduced arterial oxygen partial pressure and saturation. After correcting for parenchymal extension, ground-glass opacities were associated with reduced platelets and increased procalcitonin, consolidation with increased CRP and reduced oxygen saturation. Conclusions Pulmonary lesions induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection were associated with raised inflammatory response, impaired gas exchange and end-organ damage. These data suggest that lung lesions probably exert a central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and clinical presentation.

scholarly journals Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p <  0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p <  0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

scholarly journals 33. Concerning Trends of Pediatric Leprosy in Minas Gerais, Brazil and Associations with Number of Municipality Medical Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S17-S17
Author(s):  
Taylor Landay ◽  
Julie A Clennon ◽  
José A Ferreira ◽  
Lucia A Fraga ◽  
Maria Aparecida F Grossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Leprosy in children under 15 years of age, and in particular, the presence of leprosy grade 2 disability (G2D) in children, signifies ongoing transmission and the need for improved surveillance. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of pediatric leprosy in Minas Gerais, Brazil and to explore associations with access to medical facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (SINAN) from 2002–2017. Incident cases were included if they resided in a municipality with both adult and pediatric cases. Municipalities were divided by the number of medical facilities per municipality: &lt; 5, 5–17, and 18 or higher. Analyses compared pediatric cases across two time periods (2002–2009 and 2010–2017) and number of medical facilities / municipality using chi-square, t-tests, and logistic regression. Results A total of 27,725 cases were reported with 1,611 under 15 years of age. Overall incidence declined from 34.8 per 100,000 to 13.6 per 100,000 during the study period with pediatric incidence declining from 2.6 per 100,000 to 0.8 per 100,000. Time period 2 (TP2) showed an increase in the proportion of pediatric G2D (2.58% vs 1.91%, p &lt; 0.0001) when compared to time period 1 (TP1). Mean age of diagnosis in children was younger in TP2 then in TP1 (10.06 vs 10.43, p=0.02). In 2017, the pediatric incidence in municipalities with the fewest medical facilities was 0.95 per 100,000 compared to 0.23 per 100,000 in municipalities with &gt; 5 facilities (p=0.009). There was significantly higher odds of disability at diagnosis (grades 1 and 2) in pediatric cases residing in municipalities with &lt; 5 medical facilities (aOR 1.88; 95% CI 1.37–2.59), adjusted for age and sex. See map (Fig 1). Figure 1. Cases of Pediatric Disability By Number of Municipality Medical Facilities from 2002–2017 (White areas without reported pediatric leprosy) Conclusion The increasing proportion of G2D in children in the second half of the study period despite declining incidence suggest occult infections among children and adults alike in Minas Gerais. Furthermore, the average age of diagnosis in children should increase, not decrease, if M. leprae transmission was truly declining. Lastly, the association between fewer municipality health facilities and increased disability suggest barriers to timely diagnosis and a critical area of focus for research into access to healthcare and leprosy risk. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa I. Farah ◽  
Mohammed Q. Al-Sabbagh ◽  
Munther S. Momani ◽  
Asma Albtoosh ◽  
Majd Arabiat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Abstract Aim Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major long-term complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Given the paucity of data on DKD in Jordan, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics and correlates of DKD in Jordanian patients with type 2 DM. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1398 adult patients with type 2 DM who sought medical advice in the endocrinology clinic between March and September 2019. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. DKD was defined as reduced eGFR, and/or albuminuria. Three regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with CKD stages, albuminuria and DKD. Results Overall, 701 (50.14%) patients had DKD, with a median age of 59.71 ± 11.36  years. Older age, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein were associated with DKD (multivariable odds ratio [OR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.03, p < 0.01; OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.01–1.2; and OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99, p < 0.01 respectively). Metformin and renin-angiotensin system blockers were negatively associated with albuminuria and chronic kidney disease stages (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that approximately one half of patients with type 2 DM had DKD. Further studies are necessary to understand this high prevalence and the underlying factors. Future research are needed to assess implementing targeted community-based intervention.

Anorectal pathology amongst HIV infected patients attending the Douala General Hospital: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Namme Luma ◽  
Servais Albert Fiacre Bagnaka Eloumou ◽  
Ellis Atemlefeh Fualefeh-Morfaw ◽  
Agnes Malongue ◽  
Elvis Temfack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

While gastrointestinal disease is common among HIV infected individuals, the prevalence and distribution of ano-rectal pathology has not been well studied in our setting. The objective of this study therefore was to determine the prevalence and determinants of ano-rectal pathology in HIV infected patients attending the Douala General Hospital HIV treatment centre. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was undertaken. We collected socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory data using a structured questionnaire and patients’ files. Each study participant had a full physical and ano-rectal examination. We further studied factors associated with having at least one ano-rectal lesion by logistic regression reporting odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). We included 390 HIV infected patients. The mean age was 41 (SD: 8) years and 48% were men. Median duration since HIV diagnosis was 3 (interquartile range: 2–5) years and median CD4 cell count was 411 (interquartile range: 234–601) cells/mm3. Prevalence of ano-rectal pathology was 22.8% (95% CI: 18.7–27.3). Hemorrhoids and proctitis were most common lesions found; each in 10% of patients. From multivariate logistic regression, factors associated with ano-rectal pathology were CD4 < 350 cells/ml (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.2), not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.6), inpatient (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2–4.3), ano-rectal intercourse (OR: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.7–15.1), and more than one sexual partner (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3–4.2). Ano-rectal pathology is common amongst HIV infected patients. Care givers should actively investigate and treat them as this will improve the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Acute kidney injury and other factors associated with mortality in hiv-infected patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-517
Author(s):  
Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Arruda Parente Filho ◽  
Douglas de Sousa Soares ◽  
Rodrigo da Nóbrega de Alencar ◽  
Tiago Tomaz Teles Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respiratory Impairment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Related Mortality

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: HIV-related mortality is still high, especially in developed countries. The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated to death in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with all HIV adult patients admitted to a tertiary infectious diseases hospital in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil, from January 2013 to December 2014. Patients were divided into two groups: survivors and non-survivors. Demo-graphical, clinical and laboratory data were compared and a logistic regression was performed in order to investigate risk factors for death. P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients with mean age of 39 years were including in the study, 69.5% males. Fifteen patients (7.5%) died. Non-survivors presented a higher percentage of males (93.3 vs. 67.3%, p = 0.037). Non-survivors presented AKI (73.3 vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001), liver dysfunction (33.3 vs. 11.5, p = 0.031), dyspnea (73.3 vs. 33.0%, p = 0.002) and disorientation (33.3 vs. 12.4%, p = 0.025) more frequently. Non-survivors also had higher levels of urea (73.8 ± 52.7vs. 36.1 ± 29.1 mg/dL, p < 0.001), creatinine (1.98 ± 1.65 vs. 1.05 ± 1.07 mg/dL, p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (130.8 vs. 84.8 U/L, p = 0.03), alanine aminotransferase (115.6 vs. 85.4 U/L, p = 0.045) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (1208 vs. 608 U/L, p = 0.012), as well as lower levels of bicarbonate (18.0 ± 4.7 vs. 21.6 ± 4.6 mEq/L, p = 0.016) and PCO2 (27.8 ± 7.7 vs. 33.0 ± 9.3 mmHg, p = 0.05). In multivariate analysis, disorientation (p = 0.035, OR = 5.523, 95%CI = 1.130 – 26.998), dyspnoea (p = 0.046, OR = 4.064, 95%CI = 1.028 – 16.073), AKI (p < 0.001, OR = 18.045, 95%CI = 4.308 – 75.596) and disseminated histoplasmosis (p = 0.016, OR = 12.696, 95%CI = 1.618 – 99.646) and LDH > 1000 U/L (p = 0.038, OR = 4.854, 95%CI = 1.093 – 21.739) were risk factors for death.]CONCLUSION: AKI and disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) were the main risk factors for death in the studied population. Neurologic and respiratory impairment as well as higher levels of LDH also increased mortality in HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Production of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Emergence of the Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hormati ◽  
Hossein Poustchi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ghadir ◽  
Saeede Jafari ◽  
Narges Jafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Antibody Levels

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide public health problem that has attracted much attention due to its clinical findings. Measurement of IgG and IgM antibodies is of great importance for researchers and it will help to develop a new diagnostic and therapeutic method in clinical care. In this cross-sectional study, we aim to measure the IgG and IgM antibody levels in 401 suspected COVID-19 volunteers. We also measure the time duration for the appearance of IgG and IgM antibodies from the onset of symptoms to sampling time. Of 401 participants enrolled in the study, 255 (63.59%) were healthy, 79 (19.70%) were a carrier, 59 (14.71%) were cured and 8 (1.99%) were borderline. Of 142 subjects diagnosed with COVID-19, 41 (28.87%) presented with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, 83 (58.45%) had no GI symptoms, and 18 (12.68%) were asymptomatic. According to our findings, the measurement of IgG and IgM antibodies will provide the tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and significantly boost research into novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Quality and Findings of Bitewing Radiographs among Twenty-Year-Old Conscripts in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miika Hyvönen ◽  
Arttu Jaakkola ◽  
Tarja Tanner ◽  
Jari Päkkilä ◽  
Antti Kämppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Marginal Bone Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caries Diagnostics

Objectives. Bitewing radiographs are mainly used to confirm clinical findings in caries diagnostics. The objective here was to investigate the quality of bitewing radiographs after short brush-up training and additional findings besides caries in a low-caries population. Methods. The material of this cross-sectional study comprised 377 pairs of bitewing radiographs of 19- to 20-year-olds taken by dentists. Radiography was considered indicated if one dentinal caries lesion was present on clinical examination. A senior oral radiologist evaluated quality and diagnosed the findings afterwards unaware of clinical status. The association between variables was analysed using cross tabulation and chi-squared testing. Results. Almost half of the images were of compromised quality (44.1%). Dentinal caries lesions were detected in 82.3% and enamel lesions in 73.5% of the subjects. On average, the subjects had 1.7 (SD 0.52) dentinal lesions. Fillings were found in 81.8%, fractures/cracks in 11.7%, and attrition in 7.4% of the subjects. Signs of excessive bite force were recorded in 19.4%, whereas marginal bone loss was detected in 6.4%. No significant correlation was detected between fractures, attrition, and excessive bite forces. Conclusions. Effort must be taken to ensure high quality of bitewing radiographs. In addition to caries detection, bitewing radiographs offer additional value, such as detecting excessive bite forces, tooth wear, and marginal bone loss among young adults.

scholarly journals Platelet count can predict the grade of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Anum Afsar ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Syed Asim Ali Shah ◽  
Huma Hussain ◽  
Aysha Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Variceal Hemorrhage ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Background: Bleeding from esophageal varices is a life-threatening complication in cirrhosis. Screening endoscopy is recommended in cirrhotic patients to identify patients at risk of variceal hemorrhage, but this is an invasive procedure and has limitations. Therefore, thrombocytopenia has been proposed to predict the existence and grade of esophageal varices. The aim of the current study was to determine a correlation between platelet count and grades of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the POF Hospital, Wah Cantt from 1st October, 2017 to 30th May, 2018. Newly diagnosed cases of cirrhosis having varices of any grade on endoscopy were included. Endoscopic findings of patients were standardized using Paquet grading system. On the basis of platelet count, patients were divided into four subgroups. Platelet count groups were correlated with grading of esophageal varices using Spearman rank correlations. Chi Square test was used to see association between the platelet count and grade of esophageal varices. Results: 110 patients were included in the study, 55.5% (n=61) were male. Mean age of the patients was 59.89±9.01 years. Platelet count was <50,000/uL in 35.5% patients, 50,000-99,000/uL in 26.4%, 100,000-150000 in 12.7%, and >150,000/uL in 25.5% patients. Grade I esophageal varices were found in 23.6% of patients, whereas grade II, III and IV were found in 24.5%, 33.6% and 18.2% of patients, respectively. Mean platelet count was 213884.62/mm3 in patients with grade I varices, whereas it was 119518.52/mm3, 58386.49/mm3 and 21600.00/mm3 in patients with grade II, III and IV varices, respectively (p=<0.0001). A significant negative correlation between platelet count and grades of esophageal varices was found (p<0.001). Conclusion: Platelet count can predict the grade of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. There is significant negative correlation between platelet count and grades of esophageal varices.

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