scholarly journals Evaluation of Microcrystalline Cellulose Derived from Saccharum officinarum L. (Sugarcane) Leaves as a Disintegrant in Tablet Formulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-422
Author(s):  
Julie Ann S. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Better Than

Purpose : Complete recycling of the crop residues of sugarcane in the Philippines remains to be achieved. This study purposed to derive microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from sugarcane leaves and test its disintegrating properties in tablet formulation. Methods: Saccharum officinarum L. (sugarcane) leaves were used to prepare MCC powder. According to the conventional method, the preparation of cellulose powder requires heating the raw material with acid and alkali followed by washing, bleaching, and sieving. Hydrolysis of the bleached product was carried out using hydrochloric acid to obtain MCC powder, and the physicochemical properties of the produced MCC powder were studied including its organoleptic properties, pH value, %loss on drying, %water soluble substances and Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. Results: The resulting powder was evaluated for its disintegrating property in the preparation of blank tablets, which were compared to tablets prepared using commercially available MCC. MCC powder derived from sugarcane leaves had properties at par with commercially available MCC and was in conformance with National Formulary (NF) specifications. Conclusion: Disintegrating properties were also significantly better than the commercially available MCC.

The Formation of Plasma Acid at Atmospheric Pressure and its Application in Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1626-1629
Author(s):  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ying Chao Ji ◽  
Qiu Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

In this paper, plasma acid was obtained by treating distilled water with dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in order to hydrolyze cellulose. The acidity of plasma acid was studied through a single factor experiment. A plasma acid with pH value of 1.42 was obtained and used to hydrolyze microcrystalline cellulose at 80°C for 60min. Under this condition, the integrated optical density (IOD) of the hydrolysis sample was 0.589. Based on standard glucose curve, the total reducing sugar (TRS) was calculated to be 53.75mg and the TRS yield was 53.75%. The filtrate was evaporated to get the solid hydrolysis sample to be analyzed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the sample mainly consisted of glucose, which proved that microcrystalline cellulose could be hydrolyzed by plasma acid. Therefore, it could be concluded that it was an environmentally friendly and economical method to hydrolyze the microcrystalline cellulose by plasma acid.

scholarly journals Catalytic Performance of Sulfonated Carbon Catalysts for Hydrolysis of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Anis Kristiani ◽  
Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring ◽  
Yosi Aristiawan ◽  
Fauzan Aulia ◽  
Luthfiana Nurul Hidayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Fermentable Sugar ◽  
Carbon Catalysts ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Utilizing lignocellulosic biomass into valuable products, such as chemicals and fuels, has attracted global interest. One of lignocellulosic biomass, palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB), has major content of cellulose (30-40%), which is highly potential to be a raw material for fermentable sugar production. In this research, a series of sulfonated carbon catalysts with various concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 10-30 v/v%) solutions have been successfully prepared and applied for a single stage of heterogeneous acid-catalyzed hydrolysis over microcrystalline cellulose and EFB under moderate temperature condition and ambient pressure. The catalysts’ physical and chemical properties were characterized by using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffractometer, surface area analyzer, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer. The characterization results showed that sulfonated carbon had relatively similar physical properties with the parent of active carbon. The hydrolysis activity of sulfonated carbon catalysts gave various Total Reducing Sugar (TRS). The effects of sulfate loading amount in catalyst samples and various ionic liquids were investigated. The hydrolysis of pure microcrystalline cellulose powder (Avicel) using 30%-sulfonated carbon (30-SC) catalyst in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid at 150°C yielded the highest TRS of 16.11%. Subsequently, the catalyst of 30-SC was also tested for hydrolysis of EFB and produced the highest TRS of 40.76% in [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid at 150°C for 4 h. The obtained results highlight the potential of sulfonated carbon catalysts for hydrolysis of EFB into fermentable sugar as an intermediate product for ethanol production.

Heterogeneous formation and partitioning of nitrous acid on water surfaces: dependency on the acidity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zheng ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Heterogeneous Formation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

<p>Hydrolysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) has long been recognized as a major formation path of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO), which is regarded as a dominant hydroxyl radical (OH) source, particularly in a polluted environment. Since HONO is moderately water soluble and its solubility can be highly dependent on the acidity of the water solution, the HONO formation rate and its ensuring fate may also be affected by the acidity of the water surfaces. In this work, we investigated the hydrolysis of NO<sub>2</sub> on dilute sulfuric acid water solutions with a pH value ranging from ~3 to ~6. Both the gaseous HONO and dissolved nitrous acid solution were quantified by a wet-chemistry based HONO analyzer and ion chromatography analyses, respectively. The results showed that significant amount of HONO can participate into the aqueous phase at low acidity and as the acidity increased gas-phase HONO also increased. These results indicated that liquid water on various surfaces may both provide a reaction site for HONO formation and serve as a reservoir of HONO that can be released when the liquid water was evaporated.</p>

Study on Preparation of Glucose by Poplar Cellulose Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1081 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Song Ma ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This paper made the detailed discourse for the study on using cellulase, hemicellulase hydrolysis of poplar fiber raw material to make glucose. The raw material used in this experiment is poplar, cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes are used. Hemicellulase is a complex system, xylose is regarded as the main chain for a lot of hemicellulose. The experiment used dry poplar as raw material, through the ball mill, ground poplar into wood powder. In the experiment, the optimal condition of enzyme hydrolysis of wood powder has been discussed based on reaction temperature, reaction time, enzyme concentration, and the pH value of reaction. Finally, under the optimal condition, use enzyme to hydrolyse wood powder, measure reducing sugar content by the DNS method, and calculate the rate of hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Cellulose Nanocrystals versus Microcrystalline Cellulose as Reinforcement of Lignopolyurethane Matrix

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine C. Ramires ◽  
Jackson D. Megiatto ◽  
Alain Dufresne ◽  
Elisabete Frollini
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) exhibit remarkable properties such as being lightweight, renewability, nanoscale dimension, raw material availability, and a unique morphology. They have been widely used in film-forming composites, but the literature is scarce concerning bulky-composites (i.e., non-filmogenic). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is widely available and has emerged as an important material for the reinforcement of composites. This investigation focuses on the preparation of non-filmogenic composites prepared from a polyurethane-type matrix, based on modified lignosulfonate and castor oil, reinforced with CNC or MCC, aiming to compare their reinforcing capacity. CNC was obtained through the acid hydrolysis of MCC. Sodium lignosulfonate was chemically modified using glutaraldehyde to increase its reactivity towards isocyanate groups in the synthesis of lignopolyurethane. The results show that adding CNC or MCC led to materials with improved impact strength, flexural properties, and storage modulus compared to pristine lignopolyurethane. With the exception of the flexural modulus, which was higher for the CNC-reinforced composite compared to the MCC-reinforced composite, all other properties were similar. The set of results indicates that CNC and MCC are promising for the reinforcement of polyurethane-type matrices. Bulky materials with good properties and prepared from high renewable raw material contents were obtained, meeting current expectations concerning sustainable development.

scholarly journals Improvement in the Oral Bioavailability and Efficacy of New Ezetimibe Formulations—Comparative Study of a Solid Dispersion and Different Micellar Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Carlos Torrado-Salmerón ◽  
Víctor Guarnizo-Herrero ◽  
Teresa Gallego-Arranz ◽  
Yvonne del Val-Sabugo ◽  
Guillermo Torrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Micellar Systems

Ezetimibe (EZ) is a poorly water-soluble drug with low bioavailability. Strategies such as solid dispersions (SD) and micellar systems (MS) were developed to identify the most effective drug delivery formulations with the highest oral bioavailability, and to improve their lipid-lowering effect. The EZ formulations were prepared with different proportions of Kolliphor® RH40 as a surfactant (1:0.25, 1:0.5 and 1:0.75) and croscarmellose as a hydrophilic carrier. These excipients, and the addition of microcrystalline cellulose during the production process, led to significant improvements in the dissolution profiles of MS. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed an amorphous form of ezetimibe with different semicrystalline states of microcrystalline cellulose for MS-I (1:0.75) and MS-II (1:0.75). Pharmacokinetic analysis after administration of MS-II (1:0.75) demonstrated a 173.86% increase in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and a 142.99% increase in oral bioavailability compared to EZ raw material (EZ-RM). Efficacy studies with the micellar system MS-II (1:0.75) in rats with hyperlipidemia showed that total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein were reduced to normal levels and revealed improvements in low-density lipoprotein, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase. The improvement in the dissolution rate with micellar systems increases bioavailability and enhances the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of EZ.

scholarly journals Hydrophobic Modification of Cashew Gum with Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Biswas ◽  
H. N. Cheng ◽  
Sanghoon Kim ◽  
Carlucio R. Alves ◽  
Roselayne F. Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Cashew Gum ◽  
Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified ◽  
Octenyl Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Polymeric Emulsifiers ◽  
Better Than

Cashew gum (CG) shows promise of being useful as an agro-based raw material for the production of eco-friendly and biodegradable polymers. In this work, we modified this water-soluble polymer with alkenyl succinic anhydride in order to attach a hydrophobic group to it. The modification used two reagents: octenyl succinic anhydride and tetrapropenyl succinic anhydride. Reactions were conducted at 120 °C using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent, with conversions better than 88%. Samples with degrees of substitution (DS) between 0.02 and 0.20 were made. The resulting polymers were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, TGA, and GPC. The addition of the hydrophobe decreased the affinity of cashew gum for water absorption. Hydrophobically modified polysaccharides are often used as polymeric emulsifiers, thickeners, and compatibilizers; we anticipate that these new hydrophobically modified CGs may be used for the same applications.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Mikrokristal dari Ampas Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Desy Nawangsari
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Base Solution ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
High Temperature Heating

Microcrystalline cellulose is the result of isolation from alpha cellulose. Woody plants are generally the source of microcrystalline cellulose production. One of the natural ingredients that can be used to make microcrystalline cellulose is bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.). Bagasse contains 37.65% of cellulose which can be isolated by the delignification stage using a base solution, the process of bleaching and hydrolysis of alpha cellulose by high temperature heating using dilute dilute acid. The yield of microcrystalline cellulose from bagasse 26.03% and fulfilling the characterization based on the literature.

scholarly journals Study on physical properties of Ayabirungaraja Karpam engaged by Traditional and Modern technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Nagalingam Varnakulendran ◽  
Veeriah Elango
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Physical Characterization ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Value Loss

The physical characterization is an authentic proof for the metal and mineral drug formulations used in traditional system of medicine. Now a day quality assurance is a thrust area for the evaluation of traditionally used medicinal plants and herbal formulations. In this research work, author aims to elicit traditional and modern physical characterization of Siddha formulation Ayabirungaraja karpam(ABK). It  was prepared as per Siddha reputed text classical method and subjected to  physical characterization traditionally such as consistency, lightness, texture, particle size, colour, odour, tactile sensation, irreversible nature and modern parameters like pH value, Loss on drying, Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, Bulk density, Tapped density, Zeta size, Zeta potential and BET analysis for surface area. The results reveal as per traditional trait, ABK is non-adhesive freeness, fineness and lightness which enhance absorption and assimilation of particle in body without producing any irritation to the mucous membrane of gastrointestinal tract. Modern parameter indicate the presence of organic moieties as well as mineral, acidic medium which was not favour for microbial growth , cohesive, low porosity and compaction of drug powder was confirmed. Particle size matches well with colloidal size which attached to human intestine and thus provide large surface area, thereby increase absorption of macro, micronutrients and drug.  Therefore, it is concluded the drug is user friendly for human oral administration.

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Marianna Havryshko ◽  
◽  
Olena Popovych ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

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