scholarly journals Optimization of Coagulation-Flocculation Process of Landfill Leachate by Tin (IV) Chloride Using Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz Hamidi ◽  
Syed Zainal Sharifah Farah Fariza ◽  
Alazaiza Motasem Y.D
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Maximum Removal

Landfill leachate is highly polluted and generated as a result of water infiltration through solid waste produced domestically and industrially. This study investigated the applicability of the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the removal performances of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and suspended solids (SS) from landfill leachate by coagulation process using Tin tetrachloride pentahydrate. The leachate samples were collected from Alor Pongsu Landfill (APLS) in Perak, Malaysia. Before starting the experiments, general characterization was carried out for raw leachate samples to investigate their physical and chemical properties. The effects of the dosage and pH of SnCl4 on the removal performances were evaluated as well. An ideal experimental design was performed based on the central composite design (CCD) by RSM. In addition, this RSM was used to evaluate the effects of process variables and their interaction toward the attainment of their optimum conditions. The statistical design of the experiments and data analysis was resolved using the Design-Expert software. Further, the range of coagulant dosage and pH was selected based on a batch study which was conducted at 13000 mg/L to 17000 mg/L of SnCl4 and pH ranged from 6 to 10. The results showed that the optimum pH and dosage of SnCl4 were 7.17 and 15 g/L, respectively, where the maximum removal efficiency was 67.7% for COD and 100% for color and SS. The results were in agreement with the experimental data with a maximum removal efficiency of 67.84 %, 98.6 %, and 99.3%, for COD, color, and SS, respectively. Overall, this study verified that the RSM method was viable for optimizing the operational condition of the coagulation-flocculation process.

scholarly journals Response surface methodology approach for the optimisation of adsorption of hydrolysed polyacrylamide from polymer-flooding wastewater onto steel slag: a good option of waste mitigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mijia Zhu ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Zhonghai Qin ◽  
Luning Lian ◽  
Chi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage

Wastewater produced from polymer flooding in oil production features high viscosity and chemical oxygen demand because of the residue of high-concentration polymer hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM). In this study, steel slag, a waste from steel manufacturing, was studied as a low-cost adsorbent for HPAM in wastewater. Optimisation of HPAM adsorption by steel slag was performed with a central composite design under response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 89.31% was obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 105.2 g/L, contact time of 95.4 min and pH of 5.6. These data were strongly correlated with the experimental values of the RSM model. Single and interactive effect analysis showed that HPAM removal efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time. Efficiency increased when pH was increased from 2.6 to 5.6 and subsequently decreased from 5.6 to 9.3. It was observed that removal efficiency significantly increased (from 0% to 86.1%) at the initial stage (from 0 min to 60 min) and increased gradually after 60 min with an adsorbent dosage of 105.2 g/L, pH of 5.6. The adsorption kinetics was well correlated with the pseudo-second-order equation. Removal of HPAM from the studied water samples indicated that steel slag can be utilised for the pre-treatment of polymer-flooding wastewater.

scholarly journals Optimization and Modeling of Microcystin-LR Degradation by TiO2 Photocatalyst Using Response Surface Methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Jafari ◽  
Afshin Ebrahimi ◽  
Karim Ebrahimpour ◽  
Ali Abdolahnejad
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Maximum Removal

Introduction: Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a toxin with harmful effects on the liver, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. So, effective removal of MC-LR from water resources is of great importance. The aim of this study was to remove microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from aqueous solution by Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). Materials and Methods: In the present study, TiO2, as a semiconductor, was used for photodegradation of MC-LR under ultraviolet light (UV). The Response Surface Methodology was applied to investigate the effects of operating variables such as pH (A), contact time (B), and catalyst dose (B) on the removal of MC-LR. The MC-LR concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The results showed that single variables such as A, B, and C had significant effects on MC-LR removal (pvalue < 0.05). In other words, increase of the contact time and catalyst dose had a positive effect on enhancing the removal efficiency of MC-LR, but the effect of pH was negative. The analysis of variance showed that BC, A2, and C2 variables had a significant effect on the MC-LR removal (pvalue < 0.05). Finally, the maximum removal efficiency of MC-LR was 95.1%, which occurred at pH = 5, contact time = 30 minutes, and catalyst dose = 1 g/l. Conclusion: According to the findings, TiO2, as a photocatalyst, had an appropriate effect on degradation of the MC-LR.

Optimisation of chemical oxygen demand removal from landfill leachate by sonocatalytic degradation in the presence of cupric oxide nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paria Amirian ◽  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Abolfazl Payandeh
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles

Leachate is the liquid formed when waste breaks down in the landfill and water filters through that waste. This liquid is very toxic and can pollute the land, ground water, and water resources. In most countries, it is mandatory for landfills to be protected against leachate. In addition to all other harms to the environment, disposal of raw landfill leachate can be a major source of hazard to closed water bodies. Hence, treatment of landfill leachate is considered an essential step prior to its discharge from source. This article describes the sonocatalytic degradation of chemical oxygen demand in landfill leachate using cupric oxide nanoparticles as sonocatalyst (cupric oxide/ultrasonic) and aims to establish this method as an effective alternative to currently used approaches. An ideal experimental design was carried out based on a central composite design with response surface methodology. The response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of process variables including pH values (3, 7, 11), cupric oxide nanoparticles dose (0.02, 0.035, 0.05 g), reaction time (10, 35, 60 minutes), ultrasonic frequency (35, 37, 130 KHz), and their interaction towards the attainment of their optimum conditions. The derived second-order model, including both significant linear and quadratic terms, seemed to be adequate in predicting responses (R2 = 0.9684 and prediction R2 = 0.9581). The optimum conditions for the maximum chemical oxygen demand sonocatalytic degradation of 85.82% were found to be pH 6.9, cupric oxide nanoparticles dosage of 0.05 gr L−1, and the ultrasonic frequency of 130 kHz at a contact time of 10 min.

Simultaneous Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants From Landfill Leachate Using Sea Mango Derived Activated Carbon via Microwave Induced Activation

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areeb Shehzad ◽  
Mohammed J.K. Bashir ◽  
Sumathi Sethupathi ◽  
Jun-Wei Lim
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Adsorptive Removal

Abstract The present work reveals the preparation and optimization of sea mango based activated carbon (SMAC) by microwave induced KOH activation for the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from the mature anaerobic landfill leachate using response surface methodology (RSM) technique. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) are the main indicators for organic and inorganic compounds often found in aged landfill leachate. Hence, the treatment of this stabilized landfill leachate is considered to be an essential step prior to its discharge. The leachate sample was collected from Sahom Landfill site in Perak, Malaysia and the initial concentrations of COD and NH3-N were measured as 550 mg/L and 3,330 mg/L, respectively. The feasibility of converting Sea mango to activated carbon process to remove the COD and NH3-N pollutants from landfill leachate was investigated. The preparation conditions such as microwave heating at power range (350–600 W), impregnation of AC with KOH (0.5–3.0) and retention time (6–10 min) were evaluated, analyzed and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the optimum conditions for preparation of SMAC was at 560 W of activation power, 8.4 min of activation time and 2.10 of impregnation ratios with higher adsorptive removal of COD (72.50 %), and NH3-N (79.77 %), respectively. The physical and chemical properties of SMAC were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface area. The findings exemplified the applicability of SMAC as an effective precursor for the simultaneous removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from mature landfill leachate.

scholarly journals Modelling and Optimization of Coagulation–Flocculation Process of Landfill Leachate by Response Surface Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-476
Author(s):  
Mehdi Khojastehpour ◽  
Saeed Ghanbari Azad Pashaki ◽  
Mohammadali Ebrahimi-nik ◽  
Abbas Rohani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Modelling And Optimization

scholarly journals Optimization of Coagulation-flocculation Process for Pre-treatment of Artisanal Tannery Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Appiah-Brempong ◽  
Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh ◽  
Nana Yaw Asiedu ◽  
Samuel Kwame Dadzie ◽  
Francis Yao Momade
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Flocculation Process

Abstract There is a dearth in knowledge on artisanal tannery wastewater treatment as most studies are focused on treatment of wastewater generated from modern-day leather manufacturing industries. The extensive use of plant materials in artisanal tanneries introduces high loads of polyphenolic compounds in the wastewater rendering biological treatment of the wastewater ineffective. This study, therefore, employed coagulation-flocculation process to pre-treat artisanal tannery wastewater with the aim of applying the central composite design, a statistical approach in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to model and optimize the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and turbidity and to minimize Sludge Volume Index (SVI). Optimization process focused on the two most important influencing parameters: dosage of aluminium sulphate and initial pH of wastewater. Results revealed that optimal pH and aluminium sulphate dosage of 6.09 and 11.6g/L respectively could yield maximum removal efficiencies of 38.51% of COD, 76.05% of TSS and 79.64% of turbidity from the wastewater with a minimum SVI of 29.57mL/g. Further experiments conducted to validate these results showed a good agreement between the experimental and predicted results signifying the suitability of RSM for optimization of the coagulation treatment process. This is the first reported study on optimization of coagulation-flocculation treatment of artisanal tannery wastewater. Results of this study can be used practically for efficient pre-treatment of artisanal tannery wastewater.

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