Developing "Code of Ethics for Medical Professionals, Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran"

Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki; Alireza Parsapoor; Fariba Asghari; Mojtaba Parsa; Yasaman Saeedinejad; Saeed Byroudian; Mohsen Fadavi; Majid Reza Khalajzadeh; Hamid Reza Namazi; Nazafarin Ghasemzadeh; Reza Omani Samani; Alireza Milanifar; Azam Raoofi; Sanaz Rouhbakhsh Halvaei; Maryam Sadat Mousavi; Alireza Zali; Iraj Fazel; Mohammad Reza Zafarghandi; Esmaeil Idani; Mostafa Moin

doi:10.34172/aim.2020.83

Developing "Code of Ethics for Medical Professionals, Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran"

Archives of Iranian Medicine ◽

10.34172/aim.2020.83 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 658-664

Author(s):

Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki ◽

Alireza Parsapoor ◽

Fariba Asghari ◽

Mojtaba Parsa ◽

Yasaman Saeedinejad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Professional Ethics ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

Professional Organization ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Supplementary File ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Medical Council ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Supreme Council ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran

Background: The medical profession has always been an inspiration for human societies throughout its diverse history. This position and historical authority in the field of ethics has had a different and higher status, in such a way that many of the norms of general ethics and professional ethics, especially principles, such as trust, confidentiality and respect for human dignity, have been developed by medical professionals. Developing guidelines of general and professional ethics is one of the inherent duties of the Medical Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRIMC) as a professional organization. In this regard, the Supreme Council of IRIMC has approved the "Code of Ethics for Medical Professionals" and, in accordance with its legal authority, has annexed it to the disciplinary regulations of IRIMC. Methods: A draft document, the result of extensive literature review, was discussed in 27 expert panel meetings and after receiving and endorsing the stakeholders’ point of view, was approved by the IRIMC Supreme Council. Results: The first edition of "Code of Ethics for Medical Professionals, Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran" was developed on July 6, 2017 by the Supreme Council of IRIMC. The guideline was set to take effect one year after its enactment. The first edition was revised and completed and final edition was adopted on August 9, 2018 by IRIMC in 13 chapters and 140 articles (original full text is available in the Supplementary file 1). Conclusion: According to the approved decision by the Supreme Council of IRIMC on May 10, 2018, the final edition takes effect as of October 7, 2018.

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Protecting altruism: A call for a code of ethics in British psychiatry

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.183.2.95 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 183 (2) ◽

pp. 95-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sameer P. Sarkar ◽

Gwen Adshead

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Professional Identity ◽

Public Safety ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

General Medical Council ◽

Codes Of Ethics ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Medical Council ◽

Essential Aspect ◽

User Movement

Codes of ethics have existed for medicine since the time of Hippocrates. However, a written code of ethics (like a written constitution) has so far eluded British psychiatry. In this editorial we discuss the arguments for and against a code of ethics as an essential aspect of our identity as medical professionals. Our professional identity as psychiatrists is coming under scrutiny from the General Medical Council, the emergence of the user movement and the proposals in the draft Mental Health Bill. At a time when psychiatry is seen increasingly as a guardian of public safety, there has never been a more pressing need for a code of ethics.

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Prevalence of Shielding in Diagnostic X-ray Centers in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Systematic Review

Modern Health Science ◽

10.30560/mhs.v2n2p38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. p38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Chavideh ◽

Seyed Reza Khorshidi ◽

Alireza Bagzahedi Baghmalek ◽

Raheleh Hassanvand Amoozadeh ◽

Razieh Naserifar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Reference Lists ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

X Ray ◽

The Status ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

And Performance

Shielding has been recommended as an effective tool against radiation exposure. Several studies have published on the availability and use of shielding tools in diagnostic X-ray centers across the country and contradictory results been reported. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to find out the status of radiation protection in term of availability and use of shielding tools in diagnostic X-ray centers in Iran. An extensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Embase, ISI, Cochrane Library, SID, Magiran, IranMedex, Irandoc and Google-Scholar search engine. We also manually searched the reference lists of the relevant studies. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of all studies and extracted data. Thirty-seven studies published from 1998 to 2019 were included in this systematic review. In all, 1089 diagnostic X-ray centers, 4439 radiographs and performance of 1472 radiographers were covered in these studies. The availability of lead apron, gonad shield and thyroid collar were ranged from 7 to 95.5%, 26.6 to 94% and 7 to 94%, respectively. Moreover, their usage was ranged from 0 to 85.5%, 0 to 35% and 0 to 38.4%, respectively. In addition, lens shield was discussed in one study with availability of 0%. During 1998 to 2019, the status of shielding had not improved across the country. Therefore adherence to the safety guideline as far as possible is required to protection patients from undue exposure to radiation.

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Inequality Analysis of Pharmacist Distribution in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41977/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdi Gharasi ◽

Hamed Dehnavi ◽

Sara Emamgholipour ◽

Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan

Keyword(s):

Gini Coefficient ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Study Data ◽

Medical Council ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Time Period ◽

Distribution Of Resources ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

Per Capita

Abstract Introduction: Unequal distribution of resources has always been a concern for health systems in addressing access issues in relation to health services.It might have a devastating effect on health outcomes and in a way incur the direct and indirect costs. The purpose of this study thus is to investigate the trend of pharmacists’ distribution in Iran.Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, data were collected for a four-time period; 2007, 2012, 2016 and 2019,from the Statistical Center of Iran and Islamic Republic of Iran Medical Council. The sought indicator was the number of pharmacists per 10,000 population. Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve were used to measure and analyze the inequality using STATA software and ArcGIS software was used to map the pharmacists’ distribution.Results: The results showed that the number of pharmacists in 2007 was 12986 and increased by 69% (21919) in 2019, however the inequality in the distribution of pharmacists has not yet disappeared. Gini coefficient values for 2007, 2012, 2016 and 2019 were 0.26, 0.23, 0.21 and 0.19, respectively. The Gini coefficient decreased by 27% during the study period and from 2007 to 2019, pharmacy per capita increased in all provinces of Iran.Conclusion: The trend of pharmacist distribution in Iran indicates an overall decrease in the inequality level. However, the inter-provincial distribution of pharmacists is significantly unequal, demanding full attention of national and provincial authorities. The results might also inject plenty of insights into the evidence-based policy making at the ministerial level.

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Understanding the degree of awareness among medical professionals regarding the ethics of pharmaceutical marketing activities in context of revised medical council of India code of ethics

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20160653 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 263-268

Author(s):

Renuka Munshi ◽

Kanchan Singh ◽

Astha Thakkar

Keyword(s):

Code Of Ethics ◽

Pharmaceutical Marketing ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Medical Council ◽

Marketing Activities

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LEGISLATIVE RESTRICTIONS OF THE ISLAMIC CONSULTATIVE ASSEMBLY DUE TO THE LEGISLATIVE JURISDICTION OF OTHER AUTHORITIES IN THE PROCEDURE OF THE GUARDIAN COUNCIL

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2019.76123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 813-825

Author(s):

Javad Roshanzadeh ◽

Seyed Ahmad Habibnejad

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

Security Council ◽

Cultural Revolution ◽

National Security Council ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Supreme Council ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

The Right ◽

The Guardian ◽

Descriptive Method

Purposes: In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in accordance with Article 71, legislation is the responsibility of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and has general jurisdiction which does not mean that the Islamic Consultative Assembly has no restrictions on legislation, but has limitations in terms of the various Constitutional principles including, the exclusive and particular jurisdiction of other authorities to legislate the law. The Islamic Consultative Assembly cannot legislate in the jurisdiction of these institutions. In the Constitution, a series of authorities have got the right to legislate. Methodology: Using an analytical descriptive method, the present article seeks to examine the question of what are the legislative constraints of the Islamic Republic Consultative Assembly in the Guardian Council's procedure. Results: In the procedure of the Guardian Council, other authorities, such as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership, the Expediency Discernment Council of the system, the Supreme National Security Council, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, etc. have found the right to legislate. In other words, this general jurisdiction has been assigned in a way. Implications/Applications: The application of this study is to introduce the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The exercise of this jurisdiction by the Islamic Consultative Assembly has a framework that cannot be explained except by referring to the Constitutional principles Novelty/Originality: In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, due to the nature and type of government and the particular aspirations pursued, other legislative authorities include the Assembly of Experts, the Expediency Council, the Supreme National Security Council. It is accepted that by referring to the views of the Guardian Council as the Constitutional body, they have protected them in cases where the jurisdiction of these authorities has been invaded.

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Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.5.1.19 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronny Swain

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Professional Ethics ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

Professional Autonomy ◽

Ethical Awareness ◽

Ethical Decisions ◽

The Right ◽

Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

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