scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Huang ◽  
Fengxiang Wei ◽  
Liang Hu ◽  
Lijuan Wen ◽  
Ken Chen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into

Since December 2019, there has been an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China. Meanwhile, the outbreak also drew attention and concern from the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is another human infectious disease caused by coronavirus. The transmission of COVID-19 is potent and the infection rate is fast. Since there is no specific drug for COVID-19, the treatment is mainly symptomatic supportive therapy. In addition, it should be pointed out that patients with severe illness need more aggressive treatment and meticulous care. Recently, accurate RNA detection has been decisive for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The development of highly sensitive RT-PCR has facilitated epidemiological studies that provide insight into the prevalence, seasonality, clinical manifestations and course of COVID-19 infection. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and characteristics of COVID-19.

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav M. Doshi ◽  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Ami P. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Old Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

Possible role of Unani Pharmacology in COVID-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Abdul Gani ◽  
G. Shama ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Razes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, Jurjani etc. Presently, there is no specific or challenging treatment available for COVID-19. Renowned Unani Scholars recommended during epidemic situation to stay at home, and fumigate the shelters with aromatics herbs like Ood kham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Sandal (Santalum album L), Hing (Ferula foetida L.) etc. Use of specific Unani formulations are claimed effective for the management of such epidemic or pandemic situation like antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai, Tiryaqe Arba, Tiryaqe Azam, Gile Armani), Herbal Decoction (Joshandah), along with Sharbate Khaksi, Habbe Bukhar, Sharbate Zanjabeel, Khamira Marwareed, Jawarish Jalinus, and Sirka (vinegar). Such drugs are claimed for use as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiotonic, and general tonic actions. The study enumerates the literature regarding management of epidemics in Unani medicine and attempts to look the same in the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and management.

Aftermath of Covid -19 Pandemic in the community

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-500
Author(s):  
Sholly. CK
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Novel corona virus (COVID-19) is an infectious condition, which can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another and causes respiratory illnesses, range from common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. The first cases of this virus were found in Wuhan, China. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is serious health concern and has higher risk for severe illness and spreading rapidly all over the world.This novel coronavirus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO in February 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic, in the year2020 March. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. Among all cases about 92% of the confirmed cases were recorded from China. Initial reports suggest that death rate ranges from 1% to 2% which varies in the study and country. The most of the death have occurred in patients over 50 years of age followed by young children. For the confirmed cases which included both laboratory and clinically diagnosed till now there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended but there is vaccine currently available. Once the virus develops in people, corona viruses can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The viral material hangs out in these droplets and can be breathed into the respiratory tract, where the virus can then lead to an infection. Repercussions of Covid -19 on individuals, families and on front line warriors are countless1.

scholarly journals Sex hormones as an emerging weapon to combat COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Dattatreya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as an epidemic in Wuhan in 2019 and was declared pandemic by WHO in March 2020. The virus has been identified and named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This novel coronavirus strain is the causative agent of COVID-19, and continues to rapidly spread worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus that spreads through respiratory droplets and unprotected close contact. “COVID‑19 outbreak, which has caused >95 million confirmed infections and >2 million coronavirus related deaths, is one of the most disastrous worldwide crises in recent years. Several methods have been used to examine SARS-CoV-2 infections.” i.e. RT-qPCR for viral RNA detection, and rapid screening procedures for antibody or virus detection. COVID-19 shows an incubation period of 3–7 days globally. Approximately 80% of the cases remain mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe and 5% infectious cases turn to critical, requiring ventilation [2]. Several clinical trials have been proposed for its treatment and management with supportive aim of mortality reduction [1]. By glancing a view on fig 1, it can be evidently seen that COVID-19 cases have started to rise significantly since last few months. Furthermore, as per World Health Organization (WHO), there have been 131,020,967 confirmed cases of COVID-19 at a global level recently.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection and the antiviral innate immune response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Yingying Lyu ◽  
Fajian Hou
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak began in December 2019, causing the illness known as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus spread rapidly worldwide to become a global public health emergency. As of 15 November 2020, more than 53 million confirmed cases and over one million deaths worldwide have been reported (World Health Organization, 2020). The SARS-CoV-2 genome was sequenced and studies are ongoing to further understand the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, etiological structure, cellular receptor angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE2), and intracellular replication process of the virus. Currently, thousands of clinical trials related to SARS-CoV-2 are underway (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). However, no vaccines or drugs have yet been approved, until very recently, for direct treatment or prevention of COVID-19 and only supportive treatment has been applied clinically. This review will discuss the possible mechanism of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide insight into the development of related therapeutics.

scholarly journals Practices in Handling Clinical Samples in a COVID-19 Laboratory - An Experience from Chennai, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 3508-3510
Author(s):  
Saramma Mini Jacob ◽  
Kanagasabai Sivasangeetha ◽  
Durairaj Anitha ◽  
Singaram Kaplana
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

In early January 2020, China had started raising concerns of a new contagious disease caused by new strains of coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, had declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. COVID-19 was transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, breathing or through contact with a surface that has been contaminated 1 and through aerosols-airborne microdroplets.2 The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 represents a wide spectrum of disease ranging from mild to severe respiratory syndrome influenza-like illness with mainly lower respiratory tract symptoms, complicated by pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), high fever, and headache. In many cases, loss of taste and smell and severe gastrointestinal symptoms were reported, as are cardiac problems, with the latter being perhaps secondary to a cytokine storm such as is seen in the more severely affected patients. 3 WHO COVID-19 dashboard on June 25th 2021 showed 179, 686, 071 confirmed cases worldwide.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Conundrum to Decipher

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwajit Deshmukh ◽  
Satyendra C. Tripathi ◽  
Arvind Pandey ◽  
Vaishnavi Deshmukh ◽  
Ashlesh Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: Recent worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a current, ongoing life-threatening crisis and international public health emergency. The early diagnosis and management of the disease remains a major challenge. In this review, we aim to summarize the updated epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad search of the literature was performed in “PubMed” “Medline” “Web of knowledge”, and “Google Scholar” World Health Organization-WHO” using the keywords “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “COVID-19, “SARS”, “SARS-CoV-2” “Epidemiology” “Transmission” “Pathogenesis” “Clinical Characteristics”. We reviewed and documented the information obtained from literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical appearances of SARS-CoV-2 infection.RESULTS: The global cases of COVID-19 as of April 2, 2020 have risen to more than 900,000 and morbidity has reached more than 47,000. The incidence rate for COVID-19 has been predicted to be higher than the previous outbreaks of other coronavirus family members, including those of SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The main clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from asymptomatic stages to severe lower respiratory infection in the form of pneumonia. Most of the patients also presented with fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, myalgia and breathlessness.Individuals at higher risk for severe illness include elderly people and patients with a weakened immune system or that are suffering from a underlying chronic medical condition like hypertension, diabetes, cancer, respiratory illness or cardiovascular diseases.CONCLUSIONS: SARS-Cov-2 has emerged as a worldwide threat, currently affecting 170 countries and territories across the globe. There is still much to be understood regarding SARS-CoV-2 about its virology, epidemiology and clinical management strategies; this knowledge will be essential to both manage the current pandemic and to conceive comprehensive measures to prevent such outbreaks in the future.

scholarly journals The Use of Cangrelor in the Treatment of a Patient with COVID-19-Associated Acute Coronary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
S. V. Salo ◽  
O. V. Levchyshyna ◽  
A. Yu. Gavrylyshyn ◽  
A. K. Logutov ◽  
A. Yu. Hladun
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
P2y12 Receptor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province, spreading rapidly first throughout China and subsequently across Europe, the United States (US), and the rest of the world. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, and on March 12, 2020, it was characterized as a pandemic. Patients exposed to this virus named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) frequently present with fever, cough, and shortness of breath within 2 to 14 days after exposure, and then usually develop coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related pneumonia. Although respiratory symptoms prevail among all clinical manifestations of COVID-19, preliminary studies showed that some patients may develop severe cardiovascular (CV) damage. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in the prevalence and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases among the population in Ukraine and other countries and has led to a significant increase in mortality in this category of patients. These changes necessitated adjustment of drug treatment in patients with concomitant COVID-19. Conclusions. COVID-19 is a global pandemic with unpredictable consequences due to mutually reinforcing damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Treatment of acute coronary syndrome on the background of COVID-19 requires a systematic approach involving physicians of various specialties as well as compliance with anti-epidemic mea- sures. Interventional treatment is quite effective in treating patients with COVID-associated acute coronary syndrome. COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation should use intravenous P2Y12 receptor blockers or drugs that can be crushed and administered through a nasogastric tube. Cangrelor, an intravenous P2Y12 receptor blocker with fast action and high controllability, enabled to achieve the optimal result of the intervention.

scholarly journals Sex hormones as an emerging weapon to combat COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Dattatreya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started as an epidemic in Wuhan in 2019 and was declared pandemic by WHO in March 2020. The virus has been identified and named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This novel coronavirus strain is the causative agent of COVID-19, and continues to rapidly spread worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus that spreads through respiratory droplets and unprotected close contact. “COVID‑19 outbreak, which has caused >95 million confirmed infections and >2 million coronavirus related deaths, is one of the most disastrous worldwide crises in recent years. Several methods have been used to examine SARS-CoV-2 infections.” i.e. RT-qPCR for viral RNA detection, and rapid screening procedures for antibody or virus detection. COVID-19 shows an incubation period of 3–7 days globally. Approximately 80% of the cases remain mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe and 5% infectious cases turn to critical, requiring ventilation [2]. Several clinical trials have been proposed for its treatment and management with supportive aim of mortality reduction [1]. By glancing a view on fig 1, it can be evidently seen that COVID-19 cases have started to rise significantly since last few months. Furthermore, as per World Health Organization (WHO), there have been 131,020,967 confirmed cases of COVID-19 at a global level recently.

scholarly journals The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and neonates

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Zhilla Damanabad ◽  
Leila Valizadeh ◽  
Sadollah Yeghanedoost ◽  
Fariborz Roshangar
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Neonatal Immune System ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In late December 2019, Wuhan, China, became the center of an unknown outbreak of pneumonia that spread rapidly throughout China and around the world, including Iran, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel disease a public health emergency with global concern. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, many studies have been performed on epidemiological data and clinical signs in adults. However, coherent studies in this field are very rare in infants, and support and attention to infants in the pandemic situation should be doubled due to the weakness and underdevelopment of the neonatal immune system. Therefore, the present study aimed to review COVID-19 infection in infants in which there are discussions on topics such as diagnostic tests, clinical manifestations, recommendations on breastfeeding, the criteria for discharge, and family education in pandemic conditions. The literature review shows no existing evidence of COVID-19 placental transmission from mother to infant, and that all samples prepared from amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood and breast milk in mothers with COVID -19 was negative for COVID-19 infection, and the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 were non-specific in infants, especially premature infants. Given that there is a limited number of births from a mother with COVID-19, and because the epidemiological and clinical pattern of COVID-19 in infants is unclear, this review study describes diagnostic tests, clinical manifestations, breastfeeding considerations, discharge criteria, and family education in the current understanding of COVID-19 infection in newborns and provides information for better management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in newborns.

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