A Study on the use of the Heritage modern Architecture as Museum with memory formation and preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Sun-Ae Oh
Keyword(s):  
Memory Formation ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
With Memory

Role of MicroRNA Genes miR-1000 and miR-375 in Forming Olfactory Conditional Memory in Drosophila melanogaster

MicroRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadniman Rahman ◽  
Chaity Modak ◽  
Mousumi Akter ◽  
Mohammad Shamimul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Neural Integration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Locomotion Speed ◽  
Microrna Genes ◽  
With Memory

Background: Learning and memory is basic aspects in neurogenetics as most of the neurological disorders start with dementia or memory loss. Several genes associated with memory formation have been discovered. MicroRNA genes miR-1000 and miR-375 were reported to be associated with neural integration and glucose homeostasis in some insects and vertebrates. However, neuronal function of these genes is yet to be established in D. melanogaster. Objective: Possible role of miR-1000 and miR-375 in learning and memory formation in this fly has been explored in the present study. Methods: Both appetitive and aversive olfactory conditional learning were tested in the miR-1000 and miR-375 knockout (KO) strains and compared with wild one. Five days old third instar larvae were trained by allowing them to be associated with an odor with reward (fructose) or punishment (salt). Then, the larvae were tested to calculate their preferences to the odor trained with. Learning index (LI) values and larval locomotion speed were calculated for all strains. Results: No significant difference was observed for larval locomotion speed in mutant strains. Knockout strain of miR-1000 showed significant deficiency in both appetitive and aversive memory formation whereas miR-375 KO strain showed a significantly lower response only in appetitive one. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate important role played by these two genes in forming short-term memory in D. melanogaster.

scholarly journals Regional synapse gain and loss accompany memory formation in larval zebrafish

2022 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. e2107661119
Author(s):  
William P. Dempsey ◽  
Zhuowei Du ◽  
Anna Nadtochiy ◽  
Colton D. Smith ◽  
Karl Czajkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Excitatory Synapses ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Synaptic Changes ◽  
With Memory

Defining the structural and functional changes in the nervous system underlying learning and memory represents a major challenge for modern neuroscience. Although changes in neuronal activity following memory formation have been studied [B. F. Grewe et al., Nature 543, 670–675 (2017); M. T. Rogan, U. V. Stäubli, J. E. LeDoux, Nature 390, 604–607 (1997)], the underlying structural changes at the synapse level remain poorly understood. Here, we capture synaptic changes in the midlarval zebrafish brain that occur during associative memory formation by imaging excitatory synapses labeled with recombinant probes using selective plane illumination microscopy. Imaging the same subjects before and after classical conditioning at single-synapse resolution provides an unbiased mapping of synaptic changes accompanying memory formation. In control animals and animals that failed to learn the task, there were no significant changes in the spatial patterns of synapses in the pallium, which contains the equivalent of the mammalian amygdala and is essential for associative learning in teleost fish [M. Portavella, J. P. Vargas, B. Torres, C. Salas, Brain Res. Bull. 57, 397–399 (2002)]. In zebrafish that formed memories, we saw a dramatic increase in the number of synapses in the ventrolateral pallium, which contains neurons active during memory formation and retrieval. Concurrently, synapse loss predominated in the dorsomedial pallium. Surprisingly, we did not observe significant changes in the intensity of synaptic labeling, a proxy for synaptic strength, with memory formation in any region of the pallium. Our results suggest that memory formation due to classical conditioning is associated with reciprocal changes in synapse numbers in the pallium.

scholarly journals Coordinated Plasticity between Barrel Cortical Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons during Associative Memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenxia Yan ◽  
Zilong Gao ◽  
Pin Chen ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Dangui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Memory ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurons ◽  
Sensory Cortices ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Odor Signal ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Neural plasticity is associated with memory formation. The coordinated refinement and interaction between cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons remain elusive in associative memory, which we examine in a mouse model of associative learning. In the mice that show odorant-induced whisker motion after pairing whisker and odor stimulations, the barrel cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons are recruited to encode the newly learnt odor signal alongside the innate whisker signal. These glutamatergic neurons are functionally upregulated, and GABAergic neurons are refined in a homeostatic manner. The mutual innervations between these glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons are upregulated. The analyses by high throughput sequencing show that certain microRNAs related to regulating synapses and neurons are involved in this cross-modal reflex. Thus, the coactivation of the sensory cortices through epigenetic processes recruits their glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons to be the associative memory cells as well as drive their coordinated refinements toward the optimal state for the storage of the associated signals.

scholarly journals Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activation Is Associated with Memory Formation for Predictable Rewards

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e16695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina A. Bialleck ◽  
Hans-Peter Schaal ◽  
Thorsten A. Kranz ◽  
Juergen Fell ◽  
Christian E. Elger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
With Memory

scholarly journals Expression of Integrin-Associated Protein Gene Associated with Memory Formation in Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4305-4313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Min Huang ◽  
Hai Long Wang ◽  
Yu Ping Tang ◽  
Eminy H. Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Protein Gene ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
With Memory

scholarly journals Molecular and Functional Characterization ofBacopa monniera: A Retrospective Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan ◽  
Jayakumar Preethi ◽  
Hemant K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Pharmacological Effect ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Memory Enhancer ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Fine Tune

Over the last 50 years, laboratories around the world analyzed the pharmacological effect ofBacopa monnieraextract in different dimensions, especially as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer. Studies in animal model evidenced thatBacopatreatment can attenuate dementia and enhances memory. Further, they demonstrate thatBacopaprimarily either acts via antioxidant mechanism (i.e., neuroprotection) or alters different neurotransmitters (serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh),γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) to execute the pharmacological effect. Among them, 5-HT has been shown to fine tune the neural plasticity, which is a substrate for memory formation. This review focuses on the studies which trace the effect ofBacopatreatment on serotonergic system and 5-HT mediated key molecular changes that are associated with memory formation.

scholarly journals Involvement of the Nucleus Incertus and Relaxin-3/RXFP3 Signaling System in Explicit and Implicit Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Gil-Miravet ◽  
Aroa Mañas-Ojeda ◽  
Francisco Ros-Bernal ◽  
Esther Castillo-Gómez ◽  
Hector Albert-Gascó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Peptidergic Innervation ◽  
Neuromedin B ◽  
Nucleus Incertus ◽  
Hippocampal Theta ◽  
With Memory

Telencephalic cognitive and emotional circuits/functions are strongly modulated by subcortical inputs. The main focus of past research on the nature of this modulation has been on the widespread monoamine projections to the telencephalon. However, the nucleus incertus (NI) of the pontine tegmentum provides a strong GABAergic and peptidergic innervation of the hippocampus, basal forebrain, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and related regions; and represents a parallel source of ascending modulation of cognitive and emotional domains. NI GABAergic neurons express multiple peptides, including neuromedin-B, cholecystokinin, and relaxin-3, and receptors for stress and arousal transmitters, including corticotrophin-releasing factor and orexins/hypocretins. A functional relationship exists between NI neurons and their associated peptides, relaxin-3 and neuromedin-B, and hippocampal theta rhythm, which in turn, has a key role in the acquisition and extinction of declarative and emotional memories. Furthermore, RXFP3, the cognate receptor for relaxin-3, is a Gi/o protein-coupled receptor, and its activation inhibits the cellular accumulation of cAMP and induces phosphorylation of ERK, processes associated with memory formation in the hippocampus and amygdala. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of NI transmitter systems in relaying stress- and arousal-related signals to the higher neural circuits and processes associated with memory formation and retrieval.

scholarly journals Neural Flip-Flops I: Short-Term Memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane Yoder
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Sequential Logic ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Neighboring Neuron

AbstractThe networks proposed here show how neurons can be connected to form flip-flops, the basic building blocks in sequential logic systems. Two novel neural flip-flops (NFFs) are composed of two and four neurons. Their operation depends only on minimal neuron capabilities of excitation and inhibition. The NFFs can generate known phenomena of short-term memory. Memory tests have shown that certain neurons fire continuously at a high frequency while information is held in short-term memory. These neurons exhibit seven characteristics associated with memory formation, retention, retrieval, termination, and errors. One of the neurons in each of the NFFs produces all of the characteristics. This neuron and a second neighboring neuron together predict eight unknown phenomena. These predictions can be tested by the same methods that led to the discovery of the first seven phenomena.

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