scholarly journals Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance: Global Trends and Challenges in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhike Liu ◽  
Ruogu Meng ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Keli Li ◽  
Zundong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Safety Surveillance

Importance. The great success in vaccine-preventable diseases has been accompanied by vaccine safety concerns. This has caused vaccine hesitancy to be the top 10 in threats to global health. The comprehensive understanding of adverse events following immunization should be entirely based on clinical trials and postapproval surveillance. It has increasingly been recognized worldwide that the active surveillance of vaccine safety should be an essential part of immunization programs due to its complementary advantages to passive surveillance and clinical trials. Highlights. In the present study, the framework of vaccine safety surveillance was summarized to illustrate the importance of active surveillance and address vaccine hesitancy or safety concerns. Then, the global progress of active surveillance systems was reviewed, mainly focusing on population-based or hospital-based active surveillance. With these successful paradigms, the practical and reliable ways to create robust and similar systems in China were discussed and presented from the perspective of available databases, methodology challenges, policy supports, and ethical considerations. Conclusion. In the inevitable trend of the global vaccine safety ecosystem, the establishment of an active surveillance system for vaccine safety in China is urgent and feasible. This process can be accelerated with the consensus and cooperation of regulatory departments, research institutions, and data owners.

scholarly journals Active vaccine safety surveillance via a scalable, integrated system in Australian pharmacies.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M Salter ◽  
Gurkamal Singh ◽  
Lisa Nissen ◽  
Kevin Trentino ◽  
Kevin Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Participant Engagement ◽  
Safety Surveillance

ABSTRACT Introduction: Active vaccine safety surveillance will be critical to COVID-19 vaccine deployment. Pharmacists have been identified as potential immunisers in COVID-19 policies, yet there are no reported active surveillance systems operating in pharmacies. We integrated an established participant-centred active vaccine safety surveillance system with a cloud-based pharmacy immunisation-recording program. We measured adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) reported via the new surveillance system in pharmacies, and compared these to AEFI reported via an existing surveillance system in non-pharmacy sites (general practice and other clinics). Methods: A prospective cohort study of individuals>10 years receiving influenza immunisations from 22 pharmacies and 90 non-pharmacy sites between March and October, 2020, in Australia. Active surveillance was conducted using SMS and smartphone technology, via an opt-out system. Multivariable logistic regression (including a subgroup analysis of participants over 65 years) was used to assess differences in proportions of AEFI between participants immunised in pharmacies compared to non-pharmacy sites, adjusting for confounders of age, sex, and influenza vaccine brand. Results: Of 101,440 influenza immunisation participants (6,992 from pharmacies; 94,448 from non-pharmacy sites), 77,498 (76.4%) responded; 96.1% (n=74,448) within 24 hours. Overall, 4.8% (n=247) pharmacy participants reported an AEFI, compared with 6.0% (n=4,356) non-pharmacy participants (adjusted odds ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.76 to 0.99; p=0.039). Similar proportions of AEFIs were reported in pharmacy (5.8%; n=31) and non-pharmacy participants (6.0; n=1617) aged over 65 years (adjusted odds ratio: 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.65 to 1.35; p=0.725). Conclusion: High and rapid response rates demonstrate good participant engagement with active surveillance in both pharmacy and non-pharmacy participants. Significantly fewer AEFIs reported after pharmacist immunisations compared to non-pharmacy immunisations, with no difference in older adults, suggests different cohorts attend pharmacy and non-pharmacy immunisers. The integrated pharmacy system is rapidly scalable across Australia with global potential.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in underserved communities of North Carolina

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0248542
Author(s):  
Irene A. Doherty ◽  
William Pilkington ◽  
Laurin Brown ◽  
Victoria Billings ◽  
Undi Hoffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Underserved Communities ◽  
Safety Concerns

Background In the United States, underserved communities including Blacks and Latinx are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, describe attitudes related to vaccination, and identify correlates among historically marginalized populations across 9 counties in North Carolina. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey distributed at free COVID-19 testing events in underserved rural and urban communities from August 27 –December 15, 2020. Vaccine hesitancy was defined as the response of “no” or “don’t know/not sure” to whether the participant would get the COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it became available. Results The sample comprised 948 participants including 27.7% Whites, 59.6% Blacks, 12.7% Latinx, and 63% female. 32% earned <$20K annually, 60% owned a computer and ~80% had internet access at home. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 68.9% including 62.7%, 74%, and 59.5% among Whites, Blacks, and Latinx, respectively. Between September and December, the largest decline in vaccine hesitancy occurred among Whites (27.5 percentage points), followed by Latinx (17.6) and only 12.0 points among Blacks. 51.2% of respondents reported vaccine safety concerns, 23.7% wanted others to get vaccinated first, and 63.1% would trust health care providers about the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors associated with hesitancy in multivariable logistic regression included being female (OR = 1.90 95%CI [1.36, 2.64]), being Black (OR = 1.68 1.16, 2.45]), calendar month (OR = 0.76 [0.63, 0.92]), safety concerns (OR = 4.28 [3.06, 5.97]), and government distrust (OR = 3.57 [2.26, 5.63]). Conclusions This study engaged the community to directly reach underserved minority populations at highest risk of COVID-19 that permitted assessment of vaccine hesitancy (which was much higher than national estimates), driven in part by distrust, and safety concerns.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among individuals with cancer, autoimmune diseases, and other serious comorbid conditions: A cross-sectional internet-based survey (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Tsai ◽  
John Hervey ◽  
Kathleen Hoffman ◽  
Jessica Wood ◽  
John Novack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Native American ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

BACKGROUND Individuals with comorbid conditions have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Since regulatory clinical trials with COVID-19 vaccines excluded those with immunocompromising conditions, few patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases were enrolled. With limited vaccine safety data available, vulnerable populations may have conflicted vaccine attitudes. OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and to assess early vaccine safety. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional internet-based survey, fielded January 15, 2021 through February 22, 2021, with international participation (74% USA). A random sample of members of Inspire, an online health community of over 2.2 million individuals with comorbid conditions, completed a 55-item online survey. RESULTS 21,943 individuals completed the survey (100% with comorbidities including 27% cancer, 23% autoimmune diseases, 38% chronic lung diseases). 10% declared they would not, 4% stated they probably would not, and 5% were not sure they would agree to vaccination (hesitancy rate 19%). Factors associated with hesitancy included younger age, female gender, black-Pacific-Island-Native American heritage, less formal education, conservative political tendencies, resistance to masks or routine influenza vaccinations, and distrust of media coverage. 5501 (25%) had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine injection, including 29% of US participants. Following the first injection, 69% self-reported local and 40% systemic reactions, which increased following the second injection to 76% and 67%, respectively, with patterns mimicking clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Nearly one in five individuals with serious comorbid conditions harbor COVID-19 hesitancy. Early safety experiences among those who have been vaccinated should be reassuring.

scholarly journals Predictors of Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in the General Public in Hong Kong: Findings from a Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Elsie Yan ◽  
Daniel W. L. Lai ◽  
Vincent W. P. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
To Receive

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to stop the spread of COVID-19. Understanding factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines is the key to a successful vaccination programme. This cross-sectional study explored the rate of vaccination intention and identified its predictors using the health belief model (HBM) in the general population in Hong Kong during the pandemic. Data were collected between December 2020 and January 2021 via telephone surveys. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines. A total of 1255 adults (>18 years, 53% female) completed the telephone survey. Overall, 42% indicated an intention to vaccinate, 31.5% showed vaccine hesitancy, and 26.5% reported refusal to receive any COVID-19 vaccines. Individuals who were men, older in age, working, with past experiences of other pandemics, less concerned with the vaccine safety, with poorer knowledge about COVID-19, and having greater levels of perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, cues to action, and acceptance of governmental preventive measures related to COVID-19 were significantly more likely to report an intention to vaccinate. The low intention among the Hong Kong population reflects the importance of developing effective vaccination promotion campaigns with the predictors identified in this study.

scholarly journals The Relationship between US Adults’ Misconceptions about COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination Preferences

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 901
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Kreps ◽  
Jillian L. Goldfarb ◽  
John S. Brownstein ◽  
Douglas L. Kriner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sizeable Minority

While mass vaccination has blunted the pandemic in the United States, pockets of vaccine hesitancy remain. Through a nationally representative survey of 1027 adult Americans conducted in February 2021, this study examined individual misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccine safety; the demographic factors associated with these misconceptions; and the relationship between misconceptions and willingness to vaccinate. Misconceptions about vaccine safety were widespread. A sizeable minority (40%) believed that vaccine side effects are commonly severe or somewhat severe; 85% significantly underestimated the size and scale of the clinical trials; and a sizeable share believed either that the vaccines contain live coronavirus (10%) or were unsure (38%), a proxy for fears that vaccination itself may cause infection. These misconceptions were particularly acute among Republicans, Blacks, individuals with lower levels of educational attainment, and unvaccinated individuals. Perceived side effect severity and underestimating the size of the clinical trials were both significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among individuals with cancer, autoimmune diseases, and other serious comorbid conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Tsai ◽  
John Hervey ◽  
Kathleen D Hoffman ◽  
Jessica Wood ◽  
John Novack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
General Population ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with comorbid conditions have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Since regulatory clinical trials with COVID-19 vaccines excluded those with immunocompromising conditions, few patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases were enrolled. With limited vaccine safety data available, vulnerable populations may have conflicted vaccine attitudes.MethodsTo assess the incidence and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and to assess early vaccine safety, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey, fielded January 15, 2021 through February 22, 2021, with international participation (74% USA). A random sample of members of Inspire, an⍰online health⍰community⍰of over 2.2⍰million individuals⍰with comorbid conditions, completed a 55-item online survey.Results21,943 individuals completed the survey (100% with comorbidities including 27% cancer, 23% autoimmune diseases, 38% chronic lung diseases). 10% declared they would not, 4% stated they probably would not, and 5% were not sure they would agree to vaccination (hesitancy rate 19%). Factors associated with hesitancy included younger age, female gender, black-Pacific-Island-Native American heritage, less formal education, conservative political tendencies, resistance to masks or routine influenza vaccinations, and distrust of media coverage. 5501 (25%) had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine injection, including 29% of US participants. Following the first injection, 69% self-reported local and 40% systemic reactions, which increased following the second injection to 76% and 67%, respectively, with patterns mimicking clinical trials.ConclusionNearly one in five individuals with serious comorbid conditions harbor COVID-19 hesitancy. Early safety experiences among those who have been vaccinated should be reassuring.HighlightsIndividuals with serious comorbid conditions, including cancer, have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and therefore have been prioritized for vaccinationAn online survey of nearly 22,000 individuals with comorbid conditions revealed that nearly one in 5 expressed vaccine hesitancy.Reasons for hesitancy in this comorbid population mimicked surveys of the general population.Self-reported safety profiles among individuals with comorbid conditions were acceptable, and generally milder than reports in clinical trials among the general population.

scholarly journals Healthcare Providers’ Vaccine Perceptions, Hesitancy, and Recommendation to Patients: A Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Cheryl Lin ◽  
Jewel Mullen ◽  
Danielle Smith ◽  
Michaela Kotarba ◽  
Samantha J. Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Vaccine Confidence ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Demographic Impact

Despite vaccines’ effectiveness in reducing the rate of preventable diseases, vaccine hesitancy has threatened public health and economies worldwide. Healthcare providers’ (HCP) communications and behavior strongly influence patient receptivity and uptake. The goal of this review was to examine HCP vaccine perceptions, knowledge, and reservations and how these attitudes affect their recommendations and vaccination practices. Primary research studies published by 16 September 2020 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. A 14-item scale was developed for survey study and risk of bias appraisal (SSRBA). In total, 96 papers from 34 countries were included, covering 17 vaccines (HPV and influenza vaccines the most studied). Recommendation was positively associated with provider knowledge and experience, beliefs about disease risk, and perceptions of vaccine safety, necessity, and efficacy. HCP vaccination attitudes and practices varied across specialties, vaccines, and countries; demographic impact was inconclusive. Barriers included anticipation of patient/parental concerns or refusal, lacking clear guidelines, time constraints, and cost. For HPV, vaccines were more often recommended to older, female adolescents and by physicians who discussed sexual health. HCPs are vital advocates for patients and the public, but studies indicated a prevalence of provider hesitancy pertaining to inadequate knowledge, low vaccine confidence, and suboptimal uptake themselves. Improving HCP knowledge and assuring their access to information they deem trustworthy are essential to supporting HCPs‘ role as “trusted messengers” to promote vaccine acceptance.

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