scholarly journals Space Traffic Coordination: Developing a Framework for Safety and Security in Satellite Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
P. J. Blount
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Normative Growth ◽  
Coordination Process

This article investigates the extant normative framework that can be identified around the concept of space traffic management (STM). While much of the STM literature engages with how a future regime might be structured, this article attempts to engage with current processes related to space traffic coordination and give insight as to how normative growth toward space traffic management might occur. Through a survey of current legal and governance mechanisms, this article focuses its attention on open data sharing as an extant and critical coordination process that has potential for normative growth in the development of space traffic management as a formal regime.

scholarly journals Data Dentistry: How Data Are Changing Clinical Care and Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110202
Author(s):  
F. Schwendicke ◽  
J. Krois
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Open Data ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Data User ◽  
Regulatory Data ◽  
Consumer Data

Data are a key resource for modern societies and expected to improve quality, accessibility, affordability, safety, and equity of health care. Dental care and research are currently transforming into what we term data dentistry, with 3 main applications: 1) medical data analysis uses deep learning, allowing one to master unprecedented amounts of data (language, speech, imagery) and put them to productive use. 2) Data-enriched clinical care integrates data from individual (e.g., demographic, social, clinical and omics data, consumer data), setting (e.g., geospatial, environmental, provider-related data), and systems level (payer or regulatory data to characterize input, throughput, output, and outcomes of health care) to provide a comprehensive and continuous real-time assessment of biologic perturbations, individual behaviors, and context. Such care may contribute to a deeper understanding of health and disease and a more precise, personalized, predictive, and preventive care. 3) Data for research include open research data and data sharing, allowing one to appraise, benchmark, pool, replicate, and reuse data. Concerns and confidence into data-driven applications, stakeholders’ and system’s capabilities, and lack of data standardization and harmonization currently limit the development and implementation of data dentistry. Aspects of bias and data-user interaction require attention. Action items for the dental community circle around increasing data availability, refinement, and usage; demonstrating safety, value, and usefulness of applications; educating the dental workforce and consumers; providing performant and standardized infrastructure and processes; and incentivizing and adopting open data and data sharing.

scholarly journals Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Products for Earth System Science Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Xian ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ling Gao ◽  
Ruijing Sun ◽  
Haizhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Inversion Algorithm

AbstractFollowing the progress of satellite data assimilation in the 1990s, the combination of meteorological satellites and numerical models has changed the way scientists understand the earth. With the evolution of numerical weather prediction models and earth system models, meteorological satellites will play a more important role in earth sciences in the future. As part of the space-based infrastructure, the Fengyun (FY) meteorological satellites have contributed to earth science sustainability studies through an open data policy and stable data quality since the first launch of the FY-1A satellite in 1988. The capability of earth system monitoring was greatly enhanced after the second-generation polar orbiting FY-3 satellites and geostationary orbiting FY-4 satellites were developed. Meanwhile, the quality of the products generated from the FY-3 and FY-4 satellites is comparable to the well-known MODIS products. FY satellite data has been utilized broadly in weather forecasting, climate and climate change investigations, environmental disaster monitoring, etc. This article reviews the instruments mounted on the FY satellites. Sensor-dependent level 1 products (radiance data) and inversion algorithm-dependent level 2 products (geophysical parameters) are introduced. As an example, some typical geophysical parameters, such as wildfires, lightning, vegetation indices, aerosol products, soil moisture, and precipitation estimation have been demonstrated and validated by in-situ observations and other well-known satellite products. To help users access the FY products, a set of data sharing systems has been developed and operated. The newly developed data sharing system based on cloud technology has been illustrated to improve the efficiency of data delivery.

scholarly journals Archaeological documentation and data sharing: digital surveying and open data approach applied to archaeological fieldworks

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Previtali ◽  
Riccardo Valente
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Disciplinary Expertise ◽  
Large Level ◽  
The Impact

<p>The open data paradigm is changing the research approach in many fields such as remote sensing and the social sciences. This is supported by governmental decisions and policies that are boosting the open data wave, and in this context archaeology is also affected by this new trend. In many countries, archaeological data are still protected or only limited access is allowed. However, the strong political and economic support for the publication of government data as open data will change the accessibility and disciplinary expertise in the archaeological field too. In order to maximize the impact of data, their technical openness is of primary importance. Indeed, since a spreadsheet is more usable than a PDF of a table, the availability of digital archaeological data, which is structured using standardised approaches, is of primary importance for the real usability of published data. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to present a workflow for archaeological data sharing as open data with a large level of technical usability and interoperability. Primary data is mainly acquired through the use of digital techniques (e.g. digital cameras and terrestrial laser scanning). The processing of this raw data is performed with commercial software for scan registration and image processing, allowing for a simple and semi-automated workflow. Outputs obtained from this step are then processed in modelling and drawing environments to generate digital models, both 2D and 3D. These crude geometrical data are then enriched with further information to generate a Geographic Information System (GIS) which is finally published as open data using Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards to maximise interoperability.</p><p><strong>Highlights:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Open data will change the accessibility and disciplinary expertise in the archaeological field.</p></li><li><p>The main aim of this paper is to present a workflow for archaeological data sharing as open data with a large level of interoperability.</p></li><li><p>Digital acquisition techniques are used to document archaeological excavations and a Geographic Information System (GIS) is generated that is published as open data.</p></li></ul>

scholarly journals NIfTI-MRS: A standard format for magnetic resonance spectroscopic data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T Clarke ◽  
Mark Mikkelsen ◽  
Georg Oeltzschner ◽  
Tiffany Bell ◽  
Amirmohammad Shamaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Conversion Point ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Single Voxel ◽  
Online Documentation

Purpose: The use of multiple data formats in the MRS community currently hinders data sharing and integration. NIfTI-MRS is proposed as a standard MR spectroscopy data format, which is implemented as an extension to the neuroimaging informatics technology initiative (NIfTI) format. Using this standardised format will facilitate data sharing, ease algorithm development, and encourage the integration of MRS analysis with other imaging modalities. Methods: A file format based on the NIfTI header extension framework was designed to incorporate essential spectroscopic metadata and additional encoding dimensions. A detailed description of the specification is provided. An open-source command-line conversion program is implemented to enable conversion of single-voxel and spectroscopic imaging data to NIfTI-MRS. To provide visualisation of data in NIfTI-MRS, a dedicated plugin is implemented for FSLeyes, the FSL image viewer. Results: Alongside online documentation, ten example datasets are provided in the proposed format. In addition, minimal examples of NIfTI-MRS readers have been implemented. The conversion software, spec2nii, currently converts fourteen formats to NIfTI-MRS, including DICOM and vendor proprietary formats. Conclusion: The proposed format aims to solve the issue of multiple data formats being used in the MRS community. By providing a single conversion point, it aims to simplify the processing and analysis of MRS data, thereby lowering the barrier to use of MRS. Furthermore, it can serve as the basis for open data sharing, collaboration, and interoperability of analysis programs. It also opens possibility of greater standardisation and harmonisation. By aligning with the dominant format in neuroimaging, NIfTI-MRS enables the use of mature tools present in the imaging community, demonstrated in this work by using a dedicated imaging tool, FSLeyes, as a viewer.

scholarly journals Supporting evidence-based analysis for modified risk tobacco products through a toxicology data-sharing infrastructure

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Boué ◽  
Thomas Exner ◽  
Samik Ghosh ◽  
Vincenzo Belcastro ◽  
Joh Dokler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Us Fda ◽  
Using Data

The US FDA defines modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) as products that aim to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease associated with commercially marketed tobacco products.  Establishing a product’s potential as an MRTP requires scientific substantiation including toxicity studies and measures of disease risk relative to those of cigarette smoking.  Best practices encourage verification of the data from such studies through sharing and open standards. Building on the experience gained from the OpenTox project, a proof-of-concept database and website (INTERVALS) has been developed to share results from both in vivo inhalation studies and in vitro studies conducted by Philip Morris International R&D to assess candidate MRTPs. As datasets are often generated by diverse methods and standards, they need to be traceable, curated, and the methods used well described so that knowledge can be gained using data science principles and tools. The data-management framework described here accounts for the latest standards of data sharing and research reproducibility. Curated data and methods descriptions have been prepared in ISA-Tab format and stored in a database accessible via a search portal on the INTERVALS website. The portal allows users to browse the data by study or mechanism (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress) and obtain information relevant to study design, methods, and the most important results. Given the successful development of the initial infrastructure, the goal is to grow this initiative and establish a public repository for 21st-century preclinical systems toxicology MRTP assessment data and results that supports open data principles.

scholarly journals Has open data arrived at the British Medical Journal (BMJ)? An observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e011784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Rowhani-Farid ◽  
Adrian G Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Article 50

ObjectiveTo quantify data sharing trends and data sharing policy compliance at the British Medical Journal (BMJ) by analysing the rate of data sharing practices, and investigate attitudes and examine barriers towards data sharing.DesignObservational study.SettingThe BMJ research archive.Participants160 randomly sampled BMJ research articles from 2009 to 2015, excluding meta-analysis and systematic reviews.Main outcome measuresPercentages of research articles that indicated the availability of their raw data sets in their data sharing statements, and those that easily made their data sets available on request.Results3 articles contained the data in the article. 50 out of 157 (32%) remaining articles indicated the availability of their data sets. 12 used publicly available data and the remaining 38 were sent email requests to access their data sets. Only 1 publicly available data set could be accessed and only 6 out of 38 shared their data via email. So only 7/157 research articles shared their data sets, 4.5% (95% CI 1.8% to 9%). For 21 clinical trials bound by the BMJ data sharing policy, the per cent shared was 24% (8% to 47%).ConclusionsDespite the BMJ's strong data sharing policy, sharing rates are low. Possible explanations for low data sharing rates could be: the wording of the BMJ data sharing policy, which leaves room for individual interpretation and possible loopholes; that our email requests ended up in researchers spam folders; and that researchers are not rewarded for sharing their data. It might be time for a more effective data sharing policy and better incentives for health and medical researchers to share their data.

scholarly journals Data protection by design: Building the foundations of trustworthy data sharing

Data & Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon ◽  
Gefion Thuermer ◽  
Johanna Walker ◽  
Laura Carmichael ◽  
Elena Simperl
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Core Data ◽  
Commercial Agreements

Abstract Data trusts have been conceived as a mechanism to enable the sharing of data across entities where other formats, such as open data or commercial agreements, are not appropriate, and make data sharing both easier and more scalable. By our definition, a data trust is a legal, technical, and organizational structure for enabling the sharing of data for a variety of purposes. The concept of the “data trust” requires further disambiguation from other facilitating structures such as data collaboratives. Irrespective of the terminology used, attempting to create trust in order to facilitate data sharing, and create benefit to individuals, groups of individuals, or society at large, requires at a minimum a process-based mechanism, that is, a workflow that should have a trustworthiness-by-design approach at its core. Data protection by design should be a key component of such an approach.

The Yale Open Data Access (YODA) Project — A Mechanism for Data Sharing

2016 ◽  
Vol 375 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlan M. Krumholz ◽  
Joanne Waldstreicher
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Access

scholarly journals Publishing descriptions of non-public clinical datasets: guidance for researchers, repositories, editors and funding organisations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Hrynaszkiewicz ◽  
Varsha Khodiyar ◽  
Andrew L Hufton ◽  
Susanna-Assunta Sansone
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Privacy ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Data Repositories

AbstractSharing of experimental clinical research data usually happens between individuals or research groups rather than via public repositories, in part due to the need to protect research participant privacy. This approach to data sharing makes it difficult to connect journal articles with their underlying datasets and is often insufficient for ensuring access to data in the long term. Voluntary data sharing services such as the Yale Open Data Access (YODA) and Clinical Study Data Request (CSDR) projects have increased accessibility to clinical datasets for secondary uses while protecting patient privacy and the legitimacy of secondary analyses but these resources are generally disconnected from journal articles – where researchers typically search for reliable information to inform future research. New scholarly journal and article types dedicated to increasing accessibility of research data have emerged in recent years and, in general, journals are developing stronger links with data repositories. There is a need for increased collaboration between journals, data repositories, researchers, funders, and voluntary data sharing services to increase the visibility and reliability of clinical research. We propose changes to the format and peer-review process for journal articles to more robustly link them to data that are only available on request. We also propose additional features for data repositories to better accommodate non-public clinical datasets, including Data Use Agreements (DUAs).

scholarly journals IOC Contributions to International, Interdisciplinary Open Data Sharing

Oceanography ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Glover ◽  
Peter Wiebe ◽  
Cynthia Chandler ◽  
Sydney Levitus
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Data
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document