scholarly journals The Efficacy of Plant-Based Ionizers in Removing Aerosol for COVID-19 Mitigation

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ady Suwardi ◽  
Chin Chun Ooi ◽  
Dan Daniel ◽  
Chee Kiang Ivan Tan ◽  
Hongying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Delivery Rate ◽  
Equivalent Unit ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Clean Air

Small-sized droplets/aerosol transmission is one of the factors responsible for the spread of COVID-19, in addition to large droplets and surface contamination (fomites). While large droplets and surface contamination can be relatively easier to deal with (i.e., using mask and proper hygiene measures), aerosol presents a different challenge due to their ability to remain airborne for a long time. This calls for mitigation solutions that can rapidly eliminate the airborne aerosol. Pre-COVID-19, air ionizers have been touted as effective tools to eliminate small particulates. In this work, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of a novel plant-based ionizer in eliminating aerosol. It was found that factors such as the ion concentration, humidity, and ventilation can drastically affect the efficacy of aerosol removal. The aerosol removal rate was quantified in terms of ACH (air changes per hour) and CADR- (clean air delivery rate-) equivalent unit, with ACH as high as 12 and CADR as high as 141 ft3/minute being achieved by a plant-based ionizer in a small isolated room. This work provides an important and timely guidance on the effective deployment of ionizers in minimizing the risk of COVID-19 spread via airborne aerosol, especially in a poorly-ventilated environment.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Plant-ionizers in Removing Aerosols for COVID-19 Mitigation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ady Suwardi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Equivalent Unit ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Long Time

Small size droplets/aerosols are believed to be potentially responsible for COVID-19 transmission in addition to large droplets and surface contamination (fomites). While large droplets and surface contamination can be relatively easier to deal with (i.e. using mask and proper hygiene measures), aerosols present a different challenge due to their ability to remain airborne for a long time. This calls for mitigation measures that can rapidly eliminate the airborne aerosols. Pre-COVID-19, an air ionizer has been touted as an effective tool to eliminate small particulates such as these. In this work, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of a novel plant-based air ionizers in eliminating aerosols. It was found that factors such as the ion concentration, humidity, and ventilation can drastically affect the aerosols removal efficacy. Furthermore, the aerosols removal rate was quantified in terms of ACH (air changes per hour)-equivalent unit, with ACH as high as 12 being achieved by using deploying a plant-based air ionizer in a small isolated office room. Lastly, this work provides an important and timely guidance on the effective deployment of plant ionizers in minimizing the risk of COVID-19 spread via airborne aerosols, especially in poorly-ventilated environment.

Arsenic Removal from Wastewater Using Adsorptive Mediums

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 404-409
Author(s):  
Fu Quan Peng ◽  
Zhen Cheng Xu ◽  
Jian Hong Huang ◽  
Qing Wei Guo ◽  
Feng Nie
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Ferrous Oxide ◽  
Anion Resin ◽  
Quartz Sands ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Different adsorptive mediums and adsorbents’ compounds were chosen to remove arsenic from Yangzonghai Lake wastewater. Results showed that Ca(OH)2, attapulgite, bentonite, LDHs these adsorptive mediums had adsorptive capacities of less than 2.5 mg/g of As removal and it took long time for sediment before monitoring; adsorbents compounds’ results showed Fe2O3 and quartz sands had best removal rate and quartz sands had little removal of arsenic. Both strong anion resin and hydrated ferrous oxide-loaded on polystyrene diethanolamine resin(designated as PDR-HFO) can decrease As concentration to less than 0.01 mg/L reaching national standards for arsenic; anions such as SO42- can not be removed when strong anion resin was regenerated causing its loss of exchange ions; PDR-HFO exhibited excellent adsorptive properties and recyclability.

Ultra-Clean Air Ionizers for Suppression of Particulate Surface Contamination

1991 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Philip C. D. Hobbs ◽  
J. Samuel Batchelder ◽  
Vaughn P. Gross ◽  
Kenneth D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Particulate Surface

scholarly journals Removal of the Rhodamine B Dye at Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 Anode Using Flow Cell System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Baddouh ◽  
Brahim El Ibrahimi ◽  
Elhassan Amaterz ◽  
M. Mohamed Rguiti ◽  
Lahcen Bazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Rhodamine B Dye

The electrochemical oxidation of the Rhodamine B dye (Rh-B) was carried out using dimensionally stable type anode (DSA, Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2). The work was performed using the electrochemical flow cell system. The effect of several operating factors, such as supporting electrolytes, current density, electrolysis time, temperature, and initial concentration of Rh-B dye, were investigated. The UV-visible spectroscopy and chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements were conducted to monitor the removal and degradation of Rh-B. The best color removal achieved was found to be 98.3% after 10 min applying 3.9 mA·cm−2 as a current density using 0.07 mol·L−1 of NaCl. Meanwhile, the highest COD removal rate (93.0%) was obtained for an applied current density of 3.9 mA·cm−2 as the optimal operating condition after 180 min reaction time, with 2.98 kW h·m−3 as energy consumption. This shows that the best conditions for color removal are not certainly the same as those for the COD removal. The rises in the concentration of NaCl, and applied current increased the Rh-B color removal rate. The decline in Rh-B dye concentration followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The obtained values of apparent rate constant were increased by increasing chloride ion concentration. It is concluded that the electro-oxidation on DSA electrode using a flow cell is a suitable process for the removal of Rh-B dye in aqueous solutions.

Adsorption of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Peanut Shell Cellulose Modified with Carbon Disulphide

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Qing Shan Pan ◽  
Dai Qi Li ◽  
Jian Qiang Li ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Mei Gui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulose Xanthate ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Hydroxide Solution

Peanut shell Cellulose Xanthate (PCX) was prepared by reacting with carbon disulphide after mercerized by sodium hydroxide solution. The preparing conditions (hydroxide solution concentration, carbon disulphide dosage, temperature) were optimized in this study. And the effects of PCX amount and contact time on the removal of Cd (II) ion from aqueous solution was studied,the results indicated that when the initial Cd (II) ion concentration was 10mg/L, the adsorption capacity of PXC was high effective with the PCX amount was 1g/L and the contact time was 1.5h,the equilibrium adsorption capacity of PCX was 9.87 mg/g and the removal rate of Cd (II) ion was 98.72%.Then the regeneration capacities of PCX adsorbent was investigated, the results indicated that the removal rate of Cd (II) ion was more than 75% after regeneration. All the results indicated that the PCX can be used as a low cost but effective biosorbent for heavy metals remediation.

A New Complex Grinding Method for Ceramic Materials Combined with Ultrasonic Vibration and Electrodischarge Machining

2007 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Suzuki ◽  
Tetsutaro Uematsu ◽  
Manabu Iwai ◽  
Shinichi Ninomiya ◽  
Sadao Sano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Machining Center ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Grinding ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Stock Removal

A new complex grinding method named Ultrasonic Electrodischarging Grinding Method (US-ED-G in short) is described. In the US-ED-G, ultrasonic grinding and ED grinding are simultaneously carried out on an electrically conductive workpiece with a metal bond grinding wheel. When compared with other complex grinding methods, the US-ED-G is remarkably effective in reducing grinding force a great deal and maintaining grinding ability of a wheel for a long time in efficient grinding of extremely hard-to-grind ceramic materials like TiB2. A stock removal rate of 200mm3/min and a grinding ratio of 110 have been attained by selecting appropriate conditions in US-ED-G of TiB2. A compact and rigid ultrasonic attachment is also described, which was developed as a removable tool for carrying out US grinding and US-ED-grinding on a machining center or a grinding center.

Study on the Treatment of Dye Wasterwater Using Fenton Reagent

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3204-3207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Tian ◽  
Ya Na Liu
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Methyl Violet ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Main Research

The methyl violet dye as the main research subjects. The concentration of H2O2, ferrous ion concentration, pH value and the type of dyes and so on be research the influence on the rate. The result shown: the greater dose of H2O2, the greater removal of methyl violet dye. when the dose of H2O2reach to a certain amount, keep increase the dose , but the increase was not obvious. In a certain concentration range, when the higher concentration of ferrous ions, the higher degradation rate of methyl viologen.When more than the certain concentration, the degradation rate began to decline. The removal efficiency is better when the ratio of ferrous ions and H2O2is 1:10..A large removal rate is controlled in the temperature of 20 to 60 as well as the pH is from 3 to 5. After changing the type of dye,beside the Alizarin Red,the removal of Methylene blue, Rhodamine, methyl violet are all high.

Optimization and Characteristics of Copper Pickling Wastewater Treatment in a Single Reactor Using Bio-Electrode Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2800-2808
Author(s):  
Guo Jing Yang ◽  
Shuang Shuang Chen ◽  
Wei Hong Wu ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Denitrifying Microorganisms

The process optimization and characteristics of electrode-biofilm for the treatment of copper pickling wastewater in the self-designed reactor were experimentally investigated. Carbon electrodes were installed in the reactor as the anode and cathode and denitrifying microorganisms were fixed on the surface of the cathode. The results showed that neutralization, copper ion removal, denitrification proceeded simultaneously and no secondary pollution existed. The removal rate of total nitrogen and copper ion in the effluent water reached 98% and 97% at 30mg/L of copper ion concentration and 100mg/L of nitrate nitrogen when the conditions were controlled at temperature 35°C, current density 0.1mA/cm2, hydraulic retention time 11h and C/N ration 1.07. The pH value of the treated water was increased almost to neutral. In addition, copper ion solution of certain concentration and purity could be made by exchanging the polarity of anode and cathode to recycle copper in this research.

Pad Effects on Slurry Flows in CMP System

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 1222-1227
Author(s):  
Chao Hui Zhang ◽  
Jian Qun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Integrate Circuit ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Slurry Flows ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Level ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Complex Influence

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a widely adopted technique to achieve high level of global and local planarity required in modern integrate circuit (IC) industries, wherein the pad properties weigh heavily on the final performance. A preliminary two-dimensional wafer-scale flow model for CMP is presented considering the roughness, the elasticity, as well as the porosity of the pad. Numerical simulations were conducted to show the slurry flow features’ variations due to pad parameters change. The results show that the porosity of the pad is conducive to slurry delivering, and small porous parameter will lead to prominent increase of load capability, accounting for larger material removal rate (MRR) whilst the elasticity of the pad has a more complex influence. The rough surface carries additional fluid in the valleys of the polishing pad thereby provide some chemical reactions. The model will shed lights on the mechanism of CMP process, which is for a long time considered as a difficult circle to square.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Peminjaman dan Pengembalian Tools di Perusahaan PT. Esco Bintan Indonesia Berbasis Web

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Liza Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
New Information ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
And Performance

In 1978, Esco was established in Singapore to provide clean air solutions for the high-tech and science industry website escoindonesia.com. From there, Esco is committed to providing the best solutions in technological capabilities to create a cleaner, healthier and safer world. In this study, which is used as an object of research that is in the system of borrowing and returning tools. In operational activities it still uses a manual and conventional system, unsupported by an integrated system. From the observations and research, the author finally built an Information System as solution. The information system is designed and built with a web-based platform using Notepad ++ as its programming editor, MYSQL front as a data base editor, XAMPP as a database server and PDF as a report viewer media. Apply the Squence Diagram method in software development. This new information system is expected to be able to assist in the company's activities, such as in making loan forms, return forms and loan and repayment reports, etc. The application of this Information System is expected to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and performance of the company PT Esco Bintan. After the existence of this Information System the company can operate this system more quickly and easily without requiring a very long time to operate the work. And the company is very easy to find the required documents and storage is very safe not easily lost

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document