Optical Forces in Silicon Nanophotonics and Optomechanical Systems: Science and Applications

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.34133/2020/1964015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Lip Ket Chin ◽

Yuzhi Shi ◽

Ai-Qun Liu

Keyword(s):

Silicon Photonics ◽

Optical Force ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Systems Science ◽

Optical Forces ◽

Optomechanical Systems ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Silicon Nanophotonics ◽

Wide Range ◽

Integrated Silicon Photonics

Light-matter interactions have been explored for more than 40 years to achieve physical modulation of nanostructures or the manipulation of nanoparticle/biomolecule. Silicon photonics is a mature technology with standard fabrication techniques to fabricate micro- and nano-sized structures with a wide range of material properties (silicon oxides, silicon nitrides, p- and n-doping, etc.), high dielectric properties, high integration compatibility, and high biocompatibilities. Owing to these superior characteristics, silicon photonics is a promising approach to demonstrate optical force-based integrated devices and systems for practical applications. In this paper, we provide an overview of optical force in silicon nanophotonic and optomechanical systems and their latest technological development. First, we discuss various types of optical forces in light-matter interactions from particles or nanostructures. We then present particle manipulation in silicon nanophotonics and highlight its applications in biological and biomedical fields. Next, we discuss nanostructure mechanical modulation in silicon optomechanical devices, presenting their applications in photonic network, quantum physics, phonon manipulation, physical sensors, etc. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of optical force-based integrated silicon photonics.

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A New Detector System For The HB5 Stem Instrument

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117674 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 134-135

Author(s):

J.M. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Dark Field ◽

Detector System ◽

Electron Holography ◽

Small Specimen ◽

Bright Field ◽

Multiple Images ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Operational Modes

The HB5 STEM instrument at ASU has been modified previously to include an efficient two-dimensional detector incorporating an optical analyser device and also a digital system for the recording of multiple images. The detector system was built to explore a wide range of possibilities including in-line electron holography, the observation and recording of diffraction patterns from very small specimen regions (having diameters as small as 3Å) and the formation of both bright field and dark field images by detection of various portions of the diffraction pattern. Experience in the use of this system has shown that sane of its capabilities are unique and valuable. For other purposes it appears that, while the principles of the operational modes may be verified, the practical applications are limited by the details of the initial design.

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Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450120666190429120314 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1227-1243

Author(s):

Hina Qamar ◽

Sumbul Rehman ◽

D.K. Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Drug Targets ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Wide Range

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium, Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc. having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.

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Ring-Forming Polymerization toward Perfluorocyclobutyl and Ortho-Diynylarene-Derived Materials: From Synthesis to Practical Applications

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14061486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1486

Author(s):

Eugene B. Caldona ◽

Ernesto I. Borrego ◽

Ketki E. Shelar ◽

Karl M. Mukeba ◽

Dennis W. Smith

Keyword(s):

Chemical Resistance ◽

Structural Features ◽

Review Article ◽

Aryl Ether ◽

Aromatic Rings ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Repeat Units ◽

Wide Range ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

The Cost

Many desirable characteristics of polymers arise from the method of polymerization and structural features of their repeat units, which typically are responsible for the polymer’s performance at the cost of processability. While linear alternatives are popular, polymers composed of cyclic repeat units across their backbones have generally been shown to exhibit higher optical transparency, lower water absorption, and higher glass transition temperatures. These specifically include polymers built with either substituted alicyclic structures or aromatic rings, or both. In this review article, we highlight two useful ring-forming polymer groups, perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers and ortho-diynylarene- (ODA) based thermosets, both demonstrating outstanding thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical integrity, and improved processability. Different synthetic routes (with emphasis on ring-forming polymerization) and properties for these polymers are discussed, followed by their relevant applications in a wide range of aspects.

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Sensing of Nickel(II) Ions by Immobilizing Ligands and Using Different SPEs

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Liliana Anchidin-Norocel ◽

Sonia Amariei ◽

Gheorghe Gutt

Keyword(s):

Bismuth Oxide ◽

Human Population ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Cyclic Voltammogram ◽

Accurate Analysis ◽

Nickel Allergy ◽

Nickel Ions ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Wide Range

The aim of this paper is the development of a sensor for the quantification of nickel ions in food raw materials and foods. It is believed that about 15% of the human population suffers from nickel allergy. In addition to digestive manifestations, food intolerance to nickel may also have systemic manifestations, such as diffuse dermatitis, diffuse itching, fever, rhinitis, headache, altered general condition. Therefore, it is necessary to control this content of nickel ions for the health of the human population by developing a new method that offers the advantages of a fast, not expensive, in situ, and accurate analysis. For this purpose, bismuth oxide-screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and graphene-modified SPEs were used with a very small amount of dimethylglyoxime and amino acid L-histidine that were deposited. A potentiostat that displays the response in the form of a cyclic voltammogram was used to study the electrochemical properties of nickel standard solution with different concentrations. The results were compared and the most sensitive sensor proved to be bismuth oxide-SPEs with dimethylglyoxime (Bi2O3/C-dmgH2) with a linear response over a wide range (0.1–10 ppm) of nickel concentrations. Furthermore, the sensor shows excellent selectivity in the presence of common interfering species. The Bi2O3/C-dmgH2 sensor showed good viability for nickel analysis in food samples (cocoa, spinach, cabbage, and red wine) and demonstrated significant advancement in sensor technology for practical applications.

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Integrated Silicon Photonics Processing Elements for Neural Networks and switching applications

2020 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) ◽

10.1109/ipc47351.2020.9252342 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Philippe Velha

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Silicon Photonics ◽

Processing Elements ◽

Integrated Silicon Photonics

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Two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes): preparation, property, and applications in cancer therapy

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2019-0550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2125-2145 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lu Ming Dong ◽

Cui Ye ◽

Lin Lin Zheng ◽

Zhong Feng Gao ◽

Fan Xia

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Critical Role ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Metal Carbides ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Two Dimensional Materials ◽

Size And Morphology

AbstractTransition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), which comprise a rapidly growing family of two-dimensional materials, have attracted extensive attention of the scientific community, owing to its unique characteristics of high specific surface area, remarkable biocompatibility, and versatile applications. Exploring different methods to tune the size and morphology of MXenes plays a critical role in their practical applications. In recent years, MXenes have been demonstrated as promising nanomaterials for cancer therapy with substantial performances, which not only are helpful to clarify the mechanism between properties and morphologies but also bridge the gap between MXene nanotechnology and forward-looking applications. In this review, recent progress on the preparation and properties of MXenes are summarized. Further applications in cancer therapy are also discussed. Finally, the current opportunities and future perspective of MXenes are described.

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Plasmonic linear nanomotor using lateral optical forces

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abc3726 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (45) ◽

pp. eabc3726

Author(s):

Yoshito Y. Tanaka ◽

Pablo Albella ◽

Mohsen Rahmani ◽

Vincenzo Giannini ◽

Stefan A. Maier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Beam ◽

Incident Light ◽

Lateral Force ◽

Diffraction Limit ◽

Propagation Direction ◽

Optical Force ◽

Optical Forces ◽

Incident Laser ◽

New Class ◽

Force Direction

Optical force is a powerful tool to actuate micromachines. Conventional approaches often require focusing and steering an incident laser beam, resulting in a bottleneck for the integration of the optically actuated machines. Here, we propose a linear nanomotor based on a plasmonic particle that generates, even when illuminated with a plane wave, a lateral optical force due to its directional side scattering. This force direction is determined by the orientation of the nanoparticle rather than a field gradient or propagation direction of the incident light. We demonstrate the arrangements of the particles allow controlling the lateral force distributions with the resolution beyond the diffraction limit, which can produce movements, as designed, of microobjects in which they are embedded without shaping and steering the laser beam. Our nanomotor to engineer the experienced force can open the door to a new class of micro/nanomechanical devices that can be entirely operated by light.

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Assessment of Linearization Approaches for Multibody Dynamics Formulations

Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics ◽

10.1115/1.4035410 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Francisco González ◽

Pierangelo Masarati ◽

Javier Cuadrado ◽

Miguel A. Naya

Keyword(s):

Mechanical System ◽

Multibody Dynamics ◽

Equations Of Motion ◽

Differential Algebraic Equations ◽

Algebraic Equations ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Linearization Methods ◽

Highly Nonlinear ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Way

Formulating the dynamics equations of a mechanical system following a multibody dynamics approach often leads to a set of highly nonlinear differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). While this form of the equations of motion is suitable for a wide range of practical applications, in some cases it is necessary to have access to the linearized system dynamics. This is the case when stability and modal analyses are to be carried out; the definition of plant and system models for certain control algorithms and state estimators also requires a linear expression of the dynamics. A number of methods for the linearization of multibody dynamics can be found in the literature. They differ in both the approach that they follow to handle the equations of motion and the way in which they deliver their results, which in turn are determined by the selection of the generalized coordinates used to describe the mechanical system. This selection is closely related to the way in which the kinematic constraints of the system are treated. Three major approaches can be distinguished and used to categorize most of the linearization methods published so far. In this work, we demonstrate the properties of each approach in the linearization of systems in static equilibrium, illustrating them with the study of two representative examples.

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Periodic wavelet descriptor of plant leaf and its application in botany

International Journal of Wavelets Multiresolution and Information Processing ◽

10.1142/s0219691315500435 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (06) ◽

pp. 1550043 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qing-Mao Zeng ◽

Tong-Lin Zhu ◽

Xue-Ying Zhuang ◽

Ming-Xuan Zheng

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Plant Species ◽

Shape Descriptor ◽

Plant Leaf ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Periodic Wavelet ◽

Plant Species Identification ◽

Botanical Research ◽

Wavelet Descriptor

Leaf is one of the most important organs of plant. Leaf contour or outline, usually a closed curve, is a fundamental morphological feature of leaf in botanical research. In this paper, a novel shape descriptor based on periodic wavelet series and leaf contour is presented, which we name as Periodic Wavelet Descriptor (PWD). The PWD of a leaf actually expresses the leaf contour in a vector form. Consequently, the PWD of a leaf has a wide range in practical applications, such as leaf modeling, plant species identification and classification, etc. In this work, the plant species identification and the leaf contour reconstruction, as two practical applications, are discussed to elaborate how to employ the PWD of a plant leaf in botanical research.

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