scholarly journals The Science of Harmony: A Psychophysical Basis for Perceptual Tensions and Resolutions in Music

Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Paul Yaozhu Chan ◽  
Minghui Dong ◽  
Haizhou Li
Keyword(s):  
Music Theory ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Mathematics

This paper attempts to establish a psychophysical basis for both stationary (tension in chord sonorities) and transitional (resolution in chord progressions) harmony. Harmony studies the phenomenon of combining notes in music to produce a pleasing effect greater than the sum of its parts. Being both aesthetic and mathematical in nature, it has baffled some of the brightest minds in physics and mathematics for centuries. With stationary harmony acoustics, traditional theories explaining consonances and dissonances that have been widely accepted are centred around two schools: rational relationships (commonly credited to Pythagoras) and Helmholtz’s beating frequencies. The first is more of an attribution than a psychoacoustic explanation while electrophysiological (amongst other) discrepancies with the second still remain disputed. Transitional harmony, on the other hand, is a more complex problem that has remained largely elusive to acoustic science even today. In order to address both stationary and transitional harmony, we first propose the notion of interharmonic and subharmonic modulations to address the summation of adjacent and distant sinusoids in a chord. Based on this, earlier parts of this paper then bridges the two schools and shows how they stem from a single equation. Later parts of the paper focuses on subharmonic modulations to explain aspects of harmony that interharmonic modulations cannot. Introducing the concept of stationary and transitional subharmonic tensions, we show how it can explain perceptual concepts such as tension in stationary harmony and resolution in transitional harmony, by which we also address the five fundamental questions of psychoacoustic harmony such as why the pleasing effect of harmony is greater than that of the sum of its parts. Finally, strong correlations with traditional music theory and perception statistics affirm our theory with stationary and transitional harmony.

‘Art to Enchant’: Musical Magic and its Practitioners in English Renaissance Drama

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Phyllis Austern
Keyword(s):  
Music Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Renaissance Drama ◽  
English Renaissance ◽  
Practical Science ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
English Renaissance Drama ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Audible Sound ◽  
Renaissance Music

Many practitioners of the magical arts in English Renaissance drama rely on music to achieve their occult goals. Indeed, music often comes to represent the audible sound of arcane forces at work, for to the Renaissance music itself was a dual art with both obvious and hidden properties. On one hand, music was a delightful, practical science concerned with the production of ordered sound by the human voice or artificial instruments. On the other hand, music, like magic, was a powerful numerical art capable of unlocking the obvious and hidden aspects of all creation. As Thomas Morley carefully reminds his readers in the most famous contemporary English treatise on music theory,Musicke is either speculative or practicall. Speculative is that kinde of musicke which by Mathematicall helpes, seeketh out causes, properties, and natures of soundes by themselves, and compared with others, proceeding no further, but content with onlie contemplation of that Art. Practicall is that which teacheth al that may be knowne in songs, eyther for the understanding of other mens or the making of ones owne.

Formenanalyse bei Marx und ihr Verhältnis zur Systemwissenschaft / Analysis of forms by Marx and its relation to systems research

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Loh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Logic ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Empirical Logic ◽  
Formal Concepts ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractMARX’s analysis of forms and modern systems research have in common the problem of form. MARX analyzed forms by functionally relating elements to each other on different levels. Contrary to modern systems theories and Marxism-Leninism elements are for MARX forms themselves and not non-formal elementary qualities. The analysis of forms, therefore, is able to characterize its objects only relationally-functionally. On the other hand modern systems theories integrate concepts like ‚action‘ or ‚goal‘ in an elementaristic manner. The analysis of forms must be controlled by systematic concretization and totalization adequate to the problem. The formal concepts of systems research are often interpreted as logical-mathematical. Logic and mathematics are usually understood as non-empirical. Empirical analysis of forms is in need of an empirical logic and mathematics.

Maureen Pytlik

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Bakan
Keyword(s):  
Music Theory ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
African Dance ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Clarinet Performance ◽  
West African Dance ◽  
And Mathematics

In 2017, Maureen Pytlik graduated from Ottawa’s Carleton University with degrees major in both clarinet performance and mathematics. Her curriculum also included advanced music theory studies and West African drumming and dance. She describes her West African dance experiences as transformative. “I was quite happy to open up and be awkwardly uncoordinated,” she relates, “because it was something that created a lot of group bonding in a way. Feeling part of the group was very important to me because having Asperger’s means it’s not something that I experience easily.” African dance, and drumming too, helped Maureen to navigate a dichotomy which has been difficult for her to manage in her life, and one that she identifies closely with having Asperger’s: the conflicting pulls of competing desires for control and freedom. “I am pulled in these two different directions,” she acknowledges. “My modes of being can fluctuate between the two styles of having control and experiencing freedom, but I have a hard time (as with any polar opposites) hovering in the middle between them without gravitating toward one extreme or the other at any given time.” Music and dance, especially of the West African variety, have enabled her to move closer to achieving that elusive balance.

Birthweight and reproductive careers

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Carr-Hill ◽  
M. Samphier
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryIt is generally thought that birthweight varies with the sex of the infant, gestational age and parity; there is, however, some controversy as to whether birthweight increases monotonically with parity. Further, some have suggested that maternal height and social class are also important, whilst earlier authors stressed the importance of genetic factors. This paper re-examines these relationships on the basis of an analysis of data on 6472 women who had a sequence of two or more singleton live births. The analysis shows first that the raw birthweights increase up to the fourth birth and that there are strong correlations between successive birthweights. However, when the birthweights are standardized for gestational age, maternal height, parity and sex, the relation between birthweight and parity almost disappears. On the other hand, the correlations between successive birthweights remain among the standardized scores, suggesting that there are other features specific to the mother which affect birthweight.

scholarly journals Jula-Juli Pandalungan dan Surabayan Ekspresi Budaya Jawa-Madura dan Jawa Kota

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aris Setiawan ◽  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Wisma Nugraha Ch. R.
Keyword(s):  
Urban Culture ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Identity ◽  
Migrant Community ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
A Performance

Jula-juli dianggap sebagai salah satu gending di Jawa Timur yang mampu mencerminkan ciri khas-karakter musikal masyarakat Jawatimuran. Pandangan ini diperoleh karena hampir setiap wilayah di Jawa Timur menggunakan gending ini sebagai identitas musikal mereka. Indikasinya, nama gending Jula-juli senantiasa diikuti oleh nama wilayah di Jawa Timur, semisal Jula-juli Surabayan, Pandalungan, Jombangan, Malangan, dan lain sebagainya. Uniknya, walaupun gending ini memiliki kerangka musikal yang sama, namun mampu memunculkan kesan, karakter, nuansa dan suasana yang berbeda antar satu daerah dengan yang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap hubungan yang dibangun antara Jula-juli Pandalungan  dan Surabayan sebagai fakta musikal dengan dimensi pengalaman pelakunya sebagai fakta kultural. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan estetik dan sosiologi musik. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa  Jula-juli Pandalungan adalah representasi dari masyarakat keturunan Jawa-Madura dalam upaya menjadi Jawa sejati, sementara Jula-juli Surabayan adalah pengkultusan dari karakter budaya kota. Keduanya dapat menyatu sebagai entitas musikal dalam pertunjukan dan menjadi wacana perlawanan antara dominasi Jawa dan masyarakat pendatang. Jula-Juli Pandalungan and Surabayan: The Expression of Javanese-Madurese and Javanese Urban Culture. Jula-juli is considered as one of gending (traditional music) pieces in East Java which is able to reflect its musical characteristic of Jawatimuran society. This opinion gained by the fact that almost every region in East Java uses this gending as their musical identity. The indication points out the name of Jula-juli gending which is followed by the name of region of East Java, for instances Jula-juli Surabayan, Pandalungan, Jombangan, Malangan, etc. Although the unique thing of this gending has samilar musical frame among those regions, but it is capable to emerge such as sense, character, nuance, and different atmosphere among the regions. This research is aimed to reveal the relation which is built between Jula-juli Pandalungan and Surabayan as the musical fact to the dimension of the experiences owned by the subjects as the cultural fact. This research applies approaches of estetic and of sociological of music. The result of the research shows that Jula-juli Pandalungan is the representation of the society of Javanese-Madurese generation for the effort as being the true Javanese, meanwhile Jula-juli Surabayan is the form of cult from the character of urban culture. Both are able to unite as the musical entity on a performance, but on the other hand, it can be the resistance discourse between Javanese domination and migrant community.

scholarly journals PREPARE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO FACE THE TECHNOLOGICAL AGE: MATHEMATICAL CREATIVITY AND SPATIAL ABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Minanur Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Mathematical Creativity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Mathematics

Technology and mathematics are two things that are interconnected and influence. Technology, such as computer games, can be used to describe abstract mathematical concepts so that they are more easily understood by students. Unfortunately, technology also has some undesirable impacts, such as causing students difficulties in developing their creativity to understand mathematical concepts. On the other hand, spatial ability gets less attention than educators when students are studying mathematics. This paper will discuss how teachers can help students develop their mathematical creativity and spatial ability.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Video Traffic from Videoconference Applications: From H.261 to H.264

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Domoxoudis ◽  
S. Kouremenos ◽  
V. Loumos ◽  
A. Drigas
Keyword(s):  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Video Traffic ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Frequency Histogram ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Video Frames

This paper presents modelling results for H.26x video traffic generated by popular videoconference software applications. The analysis of videoconference data, that were measured during realistic point-point videoconference sessions, led us to the general conclusion that the traffic can be distinguished into two categories: unconstrained and constrained. In the unconstrained traffic, there is a direct relation between the encoder and the form of the frequency histogram of the frame-size sequence. Moreover, for this type of traffic, strong correlations between successive video frames can be found. On the other hand, where bandwidth constraints are imposed during the encoding process, the generated traffic appears to exhibit similar characteristics for all the examined encoders with the very low autocorrelation values being the most notable one. On the basis of these results, this study proposes methods to calculate the parameters of a widely adopted autoregressive model for both types of traffic.

scholarly journals Some synergetic aspects of education

Pedagogika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Kazimieras Pyragas ◽  
Angelė Borodinienė
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
And Mathematics

Modern synergetic ideas in educational systems are discussed and studied. It is worth noting that although synergetic ideas in educational systems are widely discussed and used in foreign educational literature there is no widespread discussion of these ideas in Lithuania. There are only fragmented mentionings on an idea level or seperate applications of these ideas (Birgelytė, 2005, 2006; Pyragas, Borodinienė, 2011). The purpose of this article is to introduce Lithuanian pedagogues to the main synergetic ideas and their applications in the educational systems. On the other hand there is an urge to take a broader look at the synergetic problems in education in search of new ideas in pedagogy. By taking and justifying a working paradigm that education in the society makes a system (synergetic) we open new horizons to study educational problems and apply new educational methodologies. One of the main problems of the spreading of synergetic ideas in educational systems, the adaptation of complex synergetic concepts and methodology, which were formed in physics, chemistry and mathematics, for humanitarian and social sciences, was discussed.

Isovist Analysis Captures Properties of Space Relevant for Locomotion and Experience

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5587 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1066-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M Wiener ◽  
Gerald Franz ◽  
Nicole Rossmanith ◽  
Andreas Reichelt ◽  
Hanspeter A Mallot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Affective Experience ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Indoor Scenes ◽  
Small Set ◽  
The One ◽  
Indoor Spaces

In a series of exploratory experiments we investigated interrelations between structure and shape of architectural indoor spaces on the one hand, and affective experience and navigation behaviour on the other hand. For this, isovist-based descriptions of 16 virtual indoor scenes were correlated with behavioural data from the experimental tasks. For all tasks—two active navigation tasks and an introspective appraisal of experiential qualities—strong correlations between subjects' behaviour and a small set of quantitative measurands derived from the isovists were found. The outcomes suggest that isovist analysis captures behaviourally relevant properties of space and is therefore a promising general means for predicting central experiential qualities of architecture and navigation behaviour.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Searching and Optimization Techniques in Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Antim Panghal
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Mathematics

Solving a problem mean looking for a solution, which is best among others. Finding a solution to a problem in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence is often thought as a process of search through the space of possible solutions. On the other hand in Engineering and Mathematics it is thought as a process of optimization i.e. to find a best solution or an optimal solution for a problem. These reduce search space and improve its efficiency. At each and every step of search,it select which have the least futility. In this paper ,We categorize the different AI search and optimization techniques in a tabular form on the basis of their merits and demerits to make it easy to choose a technique for a particular problem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document