Faculty Opinions recommendation of Antiviral treatment is more effective than smallpox vaccination upon lethal monkeypox virus infection.

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Monkeypox Virus

Antiviral treatment is more effective than smallpox vaccination upon lethal monkeypox virus infection

Nature ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 439 (7077) ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koert J. Stittelaar ◽  
Johan Neyts ◽  
Lieve Naesens ◽  
Geert van Amerongen ◽  
Rob F. van Lavieren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Monkeypox Virus

scholarly journals Proteomic Basis of the Antibody Response to Monkeypox Virus Infection Examined in Cynomolgus Macaques and a Comparison to Human Smallpox Vaccination

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e15547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Keasey ◽  
Christine Pugh ◽  
Alexander Tikhonov ◽  
Gengxin Chen ◽  
Barry Schweitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Monkeypox Virus ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques

scholarly journals Pharmacodynamics of Cidofovir for Vaccinia Virus Infection in an In Vitro Hollow-Fiber Infection Model System

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. McSharry ◽  
Mark R. Deziel ◽  
Kris Zager ◽  
Qingmei Weng ◽  
George L. Drusano
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
Model System ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Vaccinia Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Variola major virus remains a potent weapon of bioterror. There is currently an investigational-new-drug application for cidofovir for the therapy of variola major virus infections. Stittelaar and colleagues compared the levels of effectiveness of postexposure smallpox vaccination (Elstree-RIVM) and antiviral treatment with cidofovir or an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue {6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidine (HPMPO-DAPy)} after lethal intratracheal infection of cynomolgus monkeys with monkeypox virus, a variola virus surrogate. Their results demonstrated that either compound was more effective than vaccination with the Ellstree vaccine (K. J. Stittelaar et al., Nature 439:745-748, 2006). An unanswered question is how to translate this information into therapy for poxvirus infections in people. In a proof-of-principle study, we used a novel in vitro hollow-fiber infection model system to determine the pharmacodynamics of vaccinia virus infection of HeLa-S3 cells treated with cidofovir. Our results demonstrate that the currently licensed dose of cidofovir of 5 mg/kg of body weight weekly with probenecid (which ameliorates nephrotoxicity) is unlikely to provide protection for patients intentionally exposed to Variola major virus. We further demonstrate that the antiviral effect is independent of the schedule of drug administration. Exposures (area under the concentration-time curve) to cidofovir that will have a robust protective effect will require doses that are 5 to 10 times that currently administered to humans. Such doses may cause nephrotoxicity, and therefore, approaches that include probenecid administration as well as schedules of administration that will help ameliorate the uptake of cidofovir into renal tubular epithelial cells need to be considered when addressing such treatment for people.

Impact of influenza virus during pregnancy: from disease severity to vaccine efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
Ana Vazquez-Pagan ◽  
Rebekah Honce ◽  
Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
The Impact

Pregnant women are among the individuals at the highest risk for severe influenza virus infection. Infection of the mother during pregnancy increases the probability of adverse fetal outcomes such as small for gestational age, preterm birth and fetal death. Animal models of syngeneic and allogeneic mating can recapitulate the increased disease severity observed in pregnant women and are used to define the mechanism(s) of that increased severity. This review focuses on influenza A virus pathogenesis, the unique immunological landscape during pregnancy, the impact of maternal influenza virus infection on the fetus and the immune responses at the maternal–fetal interface. Finally, we summarize the importance of immunization and antiviral treatment in this population and highlight issues that warrant further investigation.

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