Faculty Opinions recommendation of "Working the system"--British American tobacco's influence on the European union treaty and its implications for policy: an analysis of internal tobacco industry documents.

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meri Koivusalo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
The European Union

scholarly journals Analysis of tobacco industry pricing strategies in 23 European Union countries using commercial pricing data

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (e2) ◽  
pp. e102-e109 ◽  
Author(s):  
May C I van Schalkwyk ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
Jasper V Been ◽  
Christopher Millett ◽  
Filippos T Filippidis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cigarette Price ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

BackgroundThe tobacco industry (TI) can act to undermine the impact of tobacco tax increases by adopting various pricing strategies. Little is known about strategies used across the European Union (EU), except for the UK.AimTo examine pricing strategies adopted by the TI in the EU, and whether they differ by cigarette price segment, or between manufactured and roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes.MethodsThis is a longitudinal analysis of commercial pricing data for manufactured and RYO cigarettes from 23 EU countries in 2006–2017. Price and revenue trends were explored. Linear regression estimated the average annual change in revenue, and linear fixed-effects panel regression models were used to explore the association between changes in median revenue (net of tax and adjusted for inflation) and tax increases in different price segments of manufactured cigarettes.ResultsOver the 11-year period price gaps were observed in all countries. The average annual adjusted median net revenue per pack increased in 19 of 23 countries for manufactured and RYO cigarettes. A tax increase was associated with a significant decrease of −€0.09 in adjusted median net revenue per pack (95% CI −0.16 to −0.03) in the cheap cigarette price segment, while no change was detected in the expensive cigarette price segment (−€0.05, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.01).ConclusionAcross the EU, pricing strategies adopted by the TI maintained or increased price gaps and retained cheaper tobacco products in the market, diminishing the impact of tobacco tax increases. Further strengthening of tobacco taxation policy is needed to maximise public health impact.

scholarly journals “Working the System”—British American Tobacco's Influence on the European Union Treaty and Its Implications for Policy: An Analysis of Internal Tobacco Industry Documents

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e1000202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Smith ◽  
Gary Fooks ◽  
Jeff Collin ◽  
Heide Weishaar ◽  
Sema Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
The European Union

The Politics of the European Union

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Lelieveldt ◽  
Sebastiaan Princen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union

The Mental Health and Social Exclusion European Network

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Leonori ◽  
Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Carmelo Vázquez ◽  
José J. Vázquez ◽  
Mary Fe Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
World Federation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Homeless Mentally Ill ◽  
The Impact

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.

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