Faculty Opinions recommendation of "Self" and "nonself" manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells.

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Beta Interferon ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals “Self” and “Nonself” Manipulation of Interferon Defense during Persistent Infection: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Resists Alpha/Beta Interferon without Blocking Antiviral Activity against Unrelated Viruses Replicating in Its Host Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (14) ◽  
pp. 6926-6935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schweizer ◽  
Philippe Mätzener ◽  
Gabriela Pfaffen ◽  
Hanspeter Stalder ◽  
Ernst Peterhans
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Beta Interferon ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), together with Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Border disease virus (BDV) of sheep, belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae. BVDV is either cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp), as defined by its effect on cultured cells. Infection of pregnant animals with the ncp biotype may lead to the birth of persistently infected calves that are immunotolerant to the infecting viral strain. In addition to evading the adaptive immune system, BVDV evades key mechanisms of innate immunity. Previously, we showed that ncp BVDV inhibits the induction of apoptosis and alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) synthesis by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Here, we report that (i) both ncp and cp BVDV block the induction by dsRNA of the Mx protein (which can also be induced in the absence of IFN signaling); (ii) neither biotype blocks the activity of IFN; and (iii) once infection is established, BVDV is largely resistant to the activity of IFN-α/β but (iv) does not interfere with the establishment of an antiviral state induced by IFN-α/β against unrelated viruses. The results of our study suggest that, in persistent infection, BVDV is able to evade a central element of innate immunity directed against itself without generally compromising its activity against unrelated viruses (“nonself”) that may replicate in cells infected with ncp BVDV. This highly selective “self” and “nonself” model of evasion of the interferon defense system may be a key element in the success of persistent infection in addition to immunotolerance initiated by the early time point of fetal infection.

scholarly journals Identification of a Cell Population That Produces Alpha/Beta Interferon In Vitro and In Vivo in Response to Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 7738-7744 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Brackenbury ◽  
B. V. Carr ◽  
Z. Stamataki ◽  
H. Prentice ◽  
E. A. Lefevre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Beta Interferon ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT In vitro infection of bovine cells of many origins with the cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (cpBVDV) results in the induction of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β), whereas noncytopathogenic BVDV (ncpBVDV) isolates have been shown not to induce IFN-α/β in vitro. Similarly, cpBVDV induces IFN-α/β in the early bovine fetus, but ncpBVDV does not. However, acute infection of naïve cattle with ncpBVDV results in IFN-α/β production. In this study, we identified and characterized a minor population of cells, present in lymph nodes that produce IFN-α in response to ncpBVDV. These cells expressed the myeloid markers CD14, CD11b, and CD172a but did not express CD4 and CD45RB. We also established that these cells produced IFN-α in the absence of detectable productive infection.

scholarly journals Alpha/Beta and Gamma Interferons Are Induced by Infection with Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus In Vivo

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Charleston ◽  
L. S. Brackenbury ◽  
B. V. Carr ◽  
M. D. Fray ◽  
J. C. Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Interferon Responses ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT In contrast to the results of previous in vitro studies, experimental infection of calves with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpBVDV) was found to induce strong alpha/beta and gamma interferon responses in gnotobiotic animals. These responses were associated with depressed levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in serum. The results of this study indicate that the immunosuppression caused by ncpBVDV is not associated with low interferon responses or elevated levels of TGF-β.

scholarly journals The double-stranded RNA-induced apoptosis pathway is involved in the cytopathogenicity of cytopathogenic Bovine viral diarrhea virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 2961-2970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yamane ◽  
Kentaro Kato ◽  
Yukinobu Tohya ◽  
Hiroomi Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), which is classified in the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, can be divided into two biotypes according to its ability to induce a cytopathic effect in tissue culture cells. The mechanisms through which cytopathogenic (cp) BVDV induces cell death and non-cytopathogenic (ncp) BVDV causes persistent infection without producing cell death remain unclear. Here, it was found that the overexpression of four apoptosis-related cellular mRNAs in cells infected with cpBVDV could also be caused by synthetic dsRNA. In fact, it was found that the amount of dsRNA produced by cpBVDV considerably exceeded the amount yielded by ncpBVDV. To evaluate the possible involvement of dsRNA in the induction of apoptosis, this study examined whether RNAi-mediated depletion of two dsRNA-reactive cellular factors, dsRNA-dependent protein kinase and 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, resulted in the prevention of cpBVDV-induced apoptosis. Although the induction of apoptosis was reduced after the suppression of either factor alone, the simultaneous silencing of both factors resulted in an almost complete inhibition of apoptosis without affecting viral titre. These results showed that dsRNA is the main trigger of apoptosis in cpBVDV-infected cells and that the cytopathogenicity of BVDV depends on the yield potential of dsRNA. In contrast, ncpBVDV yielded minimal levels of dsRNA, thereby establishing a persistent infection without inducing apoptosis. This report supports the significance of viral dsRNA as a trigger of innate immune responses.

Persistent infection of American bison (Bison bison) with bovine viral diarrhea virus and bosavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 108949
Author(s):  
Ben M. Hause ◽  
Angela Pillatzki ◽  
Travis Clement ◽  
Tom Bragg ◽  
Julia Ridpath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in an alpaca

2006 ◽  
Vol 228 (11) ◽  
pp. 1762-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Mattson ◽  
Rocky J. Baker ◽  
Jacquelynne E. Catania ◽  
Sheila R. Imbur ◽  
Kevin M. Wellejus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals Antiviral activity of native banana lectin against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 569-576
Author(s):  
Laura Junqueira de Camargo ◽  
Tony Picoli ◽  
Geferson Fischer ◽  
Ana Claudia Oliveira de Freitas ◽  
Rodrigo Bozembecker de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Induction of interferon-gamma and downstream pathways during establishment of fetal persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Smirnova ◽  
Brett T. Webb ◽  
Jodi L. McGill ◽  
Robert G. Schaut ◽  
Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus
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