Faculty Opinions recommendation of The periplasmic serine protease inhibitor ecotin protects bacteria against neutrophil elastase.

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Booth
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Serine Protease Inhibitor

scholarly journals A novel locust (Schistocerca gregaria) serine protease inhibitor with a high affinity for neutrophil elastase

2006 ◽  
Vol 400 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Brillard-Bourdet ◽  
Ahmed Hamdaoui ◽  
Eric Hajjar ◽  
Christian Boudier ◽  
Nathalie Reuter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Cathepsin G ◽  
Human Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Putative Gene

We have purified to homogeneity two forms of a new serine protease inhibitor specific for elastase/chymotrypsin from the ovary gland of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. This protein, greglin, has 83 amino acid residues and bears putative phosphorylation sites. Amino acid sequence alignments revealed no homology with pacifastin insect inhibitors and only a distant relationship with Kazal-type inhibitors. This was confirmed by computer-based structural studies. The most closely related homologue is a putative gene product from Ciona intestinalis with which it shares 38% sequence homology. Greglin is a fast-acting and tight binding inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (kass=1.2×107 M−1·s−1, Ki=3.6 nM) and subtilisin. It also binds neutrophil cathepsin G, pancreatic elastase and chymotrypsin with a lower affinity (26 nM≤Ki≤153 nM), but does not inhibit neutrophil protease 3 or pancreatic trypsin. The capacity of greglin to inhibit neutrophil elastase was not significantly affected by exposure to acetonitrile, high temperature (90 °C), low or high pH (2.5–11.0), N-chlorosuccinimide-mediated oxidation or the proteolytic enzymes trypsin, papain and pseudolysin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Greglin efficiently inhibits the neutrophil elastase activity of sputum supernatants from cystic fibrosis patients. Its biological function in the locust ovary gland is currently unknown, but its physicochemical properties suggest that it can be used as a template to design a new generation of highly resistant elastase inhibitors for treating inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Renal effects of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin in healthy conscious mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wörner ◽  
Bernhard N. Bohnert ◽  
Matthias Wörn ◽  
Mengyun Xiao ◽  
Andrea Janessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Tubular Function ◽  
Proteolytic Activation ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Proximal Tubular Function

AbstractTreatment with aprotinin, a broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitor with a molecular weight of 6512 Da, was associated with acute kidney injury, which was one of the reasons for withdrawal from the market in 2007. Inhibition of renal serine proteases regulating the epithelial sodium channel ENaC could be a possible mechanism. Herein, we studied the effect of aprotinin in wild-type 129S1/SvImJ mice on sodium handling, tubular function, and integrity under a control and low-salt diet. Mice were studied in metabolic cages, and aprotinin was delivered by subcutaneously implanted sustained release pellets (2 mg/day over 10 days). Mean urinary aprotinin concentration ranged between 642 ± 135 (day 2) and 127 ± 16 (day 8) µg/mL . Aprotinin caused impaired sodium preservation under a low-salt diet while stimulating excessive hyperaldosteronism and unexpectedly, proteolytic activation of ENaC. Aprotinin inhibited proximal tubular function leading to glucosuria and proteinuria. Plasma urea and cystatin C concentration increased significantly under aprotinin treatment. Kidney tissues from aprotinin-treated mice showed accumulation of intracellular aprotinin and expression of the kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). In electron microscopy, electron-dense deposits were observed. There was no evidence for kidney injury in mice treated with a lower aprotinin dose (0.5 mg/day). In conclusion, high doses of aprotinin exert nephrotoxic effects by accumulation in the tubular system of healthy mice, leading to inhibition of proximal tubular function and counterregulatory stimulation of ENaC-mediated sodium transport.

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