scholarly journals Diagnostic approaches and prevalence of Rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in District Mardan

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Atif Kamil ◽  
Haseeb Ullah ◽  
Farooq Hussain ◽  
Muhsin Jamal ◽  
Azmat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Folk History ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Microscopy Method ◽  
Pcr Method

The disease tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is most common infectious disease in developing countries. The disease is fatal if not treated during the early stages of infection, thereby early and precise detection is a decisive step in curing the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis in patients reporting to Mardan Medical Complex (MMC), located in the district Mardan, KPK, Pakistan. The sputum of patients was analysed by Ziehl-Nilsen (ZN) staining technique followed by light microscopy called Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) staining. The sputum samples were collected from the patients and analysed by special PCR method called GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, for genomic detection and resistance assay for rifampicin antibiotic were used, are the commonly used medicine for the treatment of MTB infection. Total 121 patients reported to MMC, represented 74 % patients from Mardan, 12% from Nowshera and 14% from Swabi. These patients were screened for the aim to evaluate the techniques for the detection of MTB. The light microscopy method confirmed 66 (55%) of the patients positive for MTB, whereas the same samples reported 78 (68%) patients positive for MTB through GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) found for light microscopy were 99% and 78.1% respectively. The most used drug rifampicin was found ineffective in 9 patients (7%). Additionally, 83% of the patients when interviewed had a folk history of tuberculosis. Keywords: Microscopy, PCR, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rifampicin.

scholarly journals Detection and Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Directly from Sputum Sediments by Ligase Chain Reaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Moore ◽  
Janis I. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Ligase Chain Reaction ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Culture Positive

Sputum specimens received for the diagnosis of tuberculosis or other mycobacterial infections were tested by a ligase chain reaction (LCR)-based assay and acid-fast stain and culture techniques. Results from the LCR assay (Abbott LCx Mycobacterium tuberculosis[MTB] Assay) were compared to results from standard culture techniques held for 6 weeks. Four hundred ninety-three specimens from 205 patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the prospective study. Thirty-four (6.9%) of the specimens were culture positive for M. tuberculosis, and 13 (38%) of these were also fluorochrome stain positive. LCR sensitivities and specificities compared to culture were 74 and 98%, respectively. LCR sensitivity was 100% for fluorochrome stain-positive specimens and 57% for fluorochrome stain-negative specimens. Nine LCR-negative, culture-positive specimens were the result of low concentrations ofM. tuberculosis. No inhibitors were detected in any of these specimens. Of the eight LCR-positive, culture-negative specimens, five were from patients with active tuberculosis. With these considered culture misses, final LCR sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 77, 99, 91, and 98%, respectively. The same performance values for the fluorochrome acid-fast bacillus smear were 33, 98, 62, and 94%, respectively. After normal laboratory sputum processing, the Abbott LCx MTB Assay can be completed in 6 h. Thus, it is possible to have results available within 8 h of specimen submission.

Screening for haemorrhagic disorders in paediatric patients by means of a questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S87-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Music ◽  
M. Novak ◽  
B. Acham-Roschitz ◽  
W. Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SummaryAim: In children, screening for haemorrhagic disorders is further complicated by the fact that infants and young children with mild disease in many cases most likely will not have a significant history of easy bruising or bleeding making the efficacy of a questionnaire even more questionable. Patients, methods: We compared the questionnaires of a group of 88 children in whom a haemorrhagic disorder was ruled out by rigorous laboratory investigation to a group of 38 children with mild von Willebrand disease (VWD). Questionnaires about child, mother and father were obtained prior to the laboratory diagnosis on the occasion of routine preoperative screening. Results: 23/38 children with mild VWD showed at least one positive question in the questionnaire, while 21/88 without laboratory signs showed at least one positive question. There was a trend to more specific symptoms in older children. Three or more positive questions were found only in VWD patients, but only in a few of the control group. The question about menstrual bleeding in mothers did not differ significantly. Sensitivity of the questionnaire for a hemostatic disorder was 0.60, while specifity was 0.76. The negative predictive value was 0.82, but the positive predictive value was only 0.52. Conclusions: Our small study shows, that a questionnaire yields good results to exclude a haemostatic disorder, but is not a sensitive tool to identify such a disorder.

Verrucous Psoriasis Successfully Treated with Ixekizumab: A Case Report with Review Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 948-951
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Variant ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Antituberculous Therapy ◽  
Plaque Type ◽  
History Of

Verrucous psoriasis is a rare variant of plaque-type psoriasis with only about 35 cases reported. The authors reported a man with a history of psoriasis vulgaris for seven years, presented with progressive verrucous hyperkeratotic plaques on both legs for three years. His earlier investigations favored the diagnosis of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis. After completing the antituberculous therapy, the lesions persisted. The later investigations favored a rare subtype of psoriasis named verrucous psoriasis. Keywords: Verrucous psoriasis, Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Ixekixumab

PREDICTIVE VALUE OF THE DYNAMIC DETERMINATION OF CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA ON PFS IN PATIENTS WITH EGFR MUTATED NSCLC, WITH OSIMERTINIB THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Fedor Moiseenko ◽  
Mariya Stepanova ◽  
Nikita Volkov ◽  
Albina Zhabina ◽  
A. Myslik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
T790m Mutation ◽  
Rare Mutations ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
Pcr Method

Aim: study of the predictive value of determining ctDNA during treatment with osimertinib in patients with NSCLC with EGFR mutation. Methods: The study included patients with metastatic EG-FR-associated NSCLC, in whom, with progression against the background of 1st - 2nd generation TKIs, the T790M mutation was detected. Patients received osimertinib therapy 80 mg/ day, daily, until progression. Before treatment, and then every 2 months, whole blood was taken to conduct a qualitative assessment of ctDNA in dynamics by the RT-PCR method. Results: From 2016 to 2019 in St. Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncology), 22 patients were identified T790M associated progression of EGFR NSCLC. 81.9% (18/22) are women, 18.1% (4/22) are men. The average age is 61.2 years (50-75). 1/22 had smoking experience for more than 30 years. The molecular genetic profile in 16 is represented by ex19del, 5 L858R, 1 -a combination of rare mutations G719S+S768I. The effect of therapy was evaluated in 20/22 patients. PR and SD were registered in 9/20 (45%) and 10/20 (50%) patients, respectively. Median PFS - 16.7 months (cI 95%, 11,4-22,0). In 12/22 patients was observed the disappearance of ctDNA T790M after 2 months of osimertinib therapy. PFS is 18,9 months (95% CI, 14,8-19,7), in patients with no mutation detected in the second month of treatment compared with the group of patients in which the ctDNA was determined (PFS 8.0 months) (CI 95%, 4,2-11,8) (p=0.015). Correlation analysis did not reveal any clinical factors associated with the disappearance of ctDNA. Conclusions: The disappearance of ctDNA in plasma after 2 months of treatment with osimertinib is associated with an increase in PFS and can be considered as a predictive marker in patients with metastatic NSCLC EGFR T790M.

Lay My Burden Down: A Folk History of Slavery.B. A. Botkin

1946 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
Olive Westbrooke
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
Folk History

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Interview and Physical Examination in the Diagnosis of Endometriosis as the Cause of Chronic Pelvic Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6606
Author(s):  
Jolanta Nawrocka-Rutkowska ◽  
Iwona Szydłowska ◽  
Aleksandra Rył ◽  
Sylwester Ciećwież ◽  
Magdalena Ptak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
Previous Surgery ◽  
History Of

Background: Chronic pelvic pain affects approximately 15% of reproductive age women. It is mainly caused by adhesions (20–40%). Despite CPP being the main symptom of endometriosis, the disease is confirmed by laparoscopy only in 12–18% of cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopy in women with CCP and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of elements of an interview and clinical examination. Materials and methods: The study included 148 women with CPP. Each patient underwent laparoscopy. In laparoscopy, the presence of endometriosis and/or peritoneal adhesions was confirmed. Then, the sensitivity and specificity and the positive and negative predictive value of endometriosis symptoms or abnormalities in the gynecological examination were statistically calculated. Results: After previous surgery, adhesions were found in almost half (47%) of patients. In patients without a history of surgery, adhesions were diagnosed in 6.34% of patients. Endometriosis without coexisting adhesions was more often diagnosed in women without previous surgery (34.9%), compared to 10.58% in the group with a history of surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Intraperitoneal adhesions are most common in women after pelvic surgery and with chronic ailments. The best results for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of endometriosis are found in women with irregular menstruations during which the pain increases. Laparoscopy still remains the primary diagnostic and therapeutic method for these women.

scholarly journals Value of preoperative computed tomography for meso-Rex bypass in children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Wu ◽  
Ning Zhou ◽  
Lianwei Lu ◽  
Xiwen Chen ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction ◽  
Portal Vein Obstruction ◽  
Left Portal Vein ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Malformations ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) is the most important cause of hematemesis in children. Intrahepatic left portal vein and superior mesenteric vein anastomosis, also known as meso-Rex bypass (MRB), is becoming the gold standard treatment for EHPVO. We analyzed the value of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in determining whether MRB is feasible in children with EHPVO. Results We retrieved data on 76 children with EHPVO (50 male, 26 female; median age, 5.9 years) who underwent MRB (n = 68) or the Warren procedure (n = 8) from 2013 to 2019 and retrospectively analyzed their clinical and CT characteristics. The Rex recess was categorized into four subtypes (types 1–4) depending on its diameter in CT images. Of all 76 children, 7.9% had a history of umbilical catheterization and 1.3% had leukemia. Sixteen patients (20 lesions) had associated malformations. A total of 72.4% of Rex recesses could be measured by CT, and their mean diameter was 3.5 ± 1.8 mm (range 0.6–10.5 mm). A type 1, 2, 3, and 4 Rex recess was present in 9.2%, 53.9%, 11.8%, and 25.0% of patients, respectively. MRB could be performed in patients with types 1, 2, and 3, but those with type 4 required further evaluation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of CT were 100%, 83.8%, 42.1%, 100%, and 85.5%, respectively. Conclusions Among the four types of Rex recesses on CT angiography, types 1–3 allow for the performance of MRB.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document