scholarly journals Catalase Activity in Response to Metals in Freshwater Fish Catla catla

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Metal Mixture ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
And Control

Catalase activity in response to binary metal mixture of Zn + Ni was studied in gills, hepatic, renal and cardiac tissues of Catla catla. A total of 30 fish fingerlings were kept in two glass aquaria (15 in controlled condition and 15 in metal mixture containing aquarium) for the period of two weeks. After the completion of the trial period, fish were dissected for different organ collection. The extracted organs were homogenized in phosphate buffer (50 mM; pH 7.0). The activity of catalase was determined by absorption at 240 nm by using the standard methods. The inferences showed higher catalase activity in liver (223.33 ±1 UmL-1), kidney (163.33 ± 0.7 UmL-1), gills (123.33 ±0.9 UmL-1) and cardiac (120 ±3 UmL-1) tissues of Zn + Ni treated fish in comparison to controlled fish liver (116.66 ±2 UmL-1), kidney (101.66 ±1 UmL-1), gills (96.66 ±0.66 UmL-1) and cardiac tissues (70 ±0.33 UmL-1) in this study. Statistically, significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 was observed for catalase activity between Zn + Ni stressed and control fish groups. While, in different organs of both group of fishes the catalase activity order was observed as hepatic > renal > gills > heart. Findings of this study would be helpful in monitoring aquatic ecosystems using fish antioxidant system which acts as a bio-indicator of metal contamination.

Juvenile coho salmon locomotion and mosaic muscle are modified by 3′,3′,5′-tri-iodo-l-thyronine (T(3))

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (10) ◽  
pp. 1711-1717
Author(s):  
S. Katzman ◽  
J.J. Cech
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Bundle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Isometric Twitch ◽  
And Control

Studies of maximum aerobic swimming performance in smolting juvenile salmonids indicate that these animals may be aerobically compromised during downstream migration. To test our hypothesis that hyperthyroid status contributes to decreased swimming performance through modification of muscle contractility in juvenile (112 mm mean total length) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), we measured swimming performance and isolated muscle bundle contractility of fish implanted with 3′,3′,5′-tri-iodo-l-thyronine (T(3)) pellets, of fish implanted with sham pellets and of fish with no pellet implantation (control group). After 3 weeks (N=12-13), critical swimming speeds (maximum aerobic swimming speed or U(crit)) were measured. Muscle bundles (N=15-16) were dissected from the hypaxial musculature and stimulated to measure the force and velocity of an isometric twitch and tetani. T(3)-treated fish demonstrated visible morphological changes associated with smoltification. Mean values of U(crit) were significantly decreased and the prolonged contraction (tetani) and twitch rates of contraction, relaxation and maximum force were significantly increased by T(3) treatment compared with both the sham and control fish. Hematocrit, body mass and body length were not significantly affected by T(3) treatment. In conclusion, we suggest that the reported decrease in U(crit) during salmonid smoltification may be mediated by endogenous T(3)-induced contractile modification of mosaic muscle fibers.

Drought stress and osmo-priming effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Ocimum basilicum

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 905-913
Author(s):  
Bahram Majd Nassiry ◽  
Neda Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
And Control

    One of the effects of reducing water content on soil is reduction of growth and development of seedlings and variation of field development. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stresses. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of osmo-priming on germination characteristics and changes of proline, protein and catalase activity of Ocimum basilicum seeds. Results showed that drought stress reduced the germination characteristics and drought stress in -8 bar was the critical stress.  Priming treatments were include KNO3, PEG and NaCl by 0, -4 and -8 bar concentrations. The seeds were primed with those materials for 8 and 16 hours. The highest germination characteristics were obtained from nitrate potassium in -8 bar for 16 hours priming. Therefore the best seed treatment under drought stress during germination was obtained from the osmo-primed with -8 bar nitrate potassium for 16 hours. The drought stress increased proline and catalase activity but reduced total protein. Priming treatment increases proline, total protein and catalase activity under drought and control conditions. It is concluded that priming results in improvement in germination components of Ocimum basilicum in drought stress conditions and increases the resistance to drought stress with improvement of proline, protein and catalase activity in germination phase.

Retardation and Recovery of Growth in Brook Trout Fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) Exposed for Various Durations to Acidified Water

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2048-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Tam ◽  
P. D. Payson ◽  
R. J. J. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Neutral Water

Brook trout fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to pH 4.66 for various durations up to 141 d and then returned to neutral water. Growth of test fish was in general significantly lower than that of control fish for exposures up to days 45–78. In four of six groups of acid-treated fish, growth eventually recovered and the growth rates were not different from that of control fish. The results suggested that growth inhibition was induced early in the exposure to sublethally low pH and that recovery in the latter phase of the experiment occurred whether pH remained acidic or was readjusted to neutral.

scholarly journals Effect of ionizing radiation on the bacterial and fungal endophytes of the halophytic plant Kalidium schrenkianum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhu ◽  
翔(Xiang) 孙(Sun) ◽  
Zhidong Zhang ◽  
Qiyong Tang ◽  
Meiying Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Halophytic Plant ◽  
Geochemical Factors ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Endophytes are microbes found within tissues of plants in various types of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, including those habitats with ionizing radiation. Our study investigates the differences in composition of bacterial and fungal endophytes associated with the halophytic plant Kalidium schrenkianum and the effects of geochemical factors and radiation (at low, medium, high level and control) on the community structure of endophytic bacteria and fungi. The bacterial class Actinobacteria and the fungal class Dothideomycetes predominated the endophytic communities of K. schrenkianum. Aboveground parts had higher fungal diversity while belowground parts had higher bacterial diversity. Soil pH, total nitrogen, and organic matter showed significant effects on the diversity of root endophytes. Radiation had no significant effect on the abundance of different bacterial classes. Sordariomycetes predominated the root fungal microbiota under high radiation intensity. Differences in the endophytic communities between aboveground and belowground parts were more than that between the radiation levels. No significant differences were found in the aboveground bacterial communities among the radiation levels. Radiation showed a significant effect on the fungal co-occurrence networks. Negative correlations were found between endophytic bacteria and fungi in the plant. The genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments. Our findings suggest that the endophytes associated with aboveground and belowground parts of K. schrenkianum follow different mechanisms for community assembly and different paradigms in stress response.

scholarly journals Study of Ponds in Kathmandu Valley and Analysis of their Present Situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Bikash Adhikari ◽  
Anmol Parajuli ◽  
Prakash Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
And Control

Ponds in Kathmandu were constructed to feed the sub surface aquifers of stone spouts and dug wells at all seasons. The study focuses on how the ponds have been saved, reduced in size or completely lost. The causes behind the degradation of ponds are forces of intervention and disturbances that lead to the loss of the originality, quality and quantity of ponds throughout its timeline. Out of eight existing ponds in the study area, 10 samples were taken from eight different ponds for quality assessment. The historical significances and status, uses as of 2019 are tabulated based on field survey. The paper focuses on the study of pH, Total Solids, Electrical Conductivity, Ammonia, Nitrate, Phosphate, Ammonia, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Matter, Chlorophyll, E. Coli, and dimensions of existing ponds. The physical, social stresses and lack of regular inspection of ponds have contributed to their degradation. However, the existing ponds require sustainable management. Proper safeguarding mechanism should be developed for the regular aeration of water in the ponds such as fountains so that the ponds have more dissolved oxygen eliminating faulty smell and control fish death.

Growth and Survival of Hormone-Sterilized Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Kokanee Salmon (O. nerka) in a Lacustrine Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1490-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Parkinson ◽  
Kanji Tsumura
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Lacustrine Environment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Kokanee Salmon ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Normal Life Span ◽  
And Control

Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and kokanee salmon (O. nerka) were sterilized using 17α-methyltestosterone treatments and released into a lacustrine environment. The treatment appeared to be successful and sizes at capture were similar for treated and control fish. Return rates of hormone-treated groups of fish were much lower than those of the control groups. Differences in return rates were assumed to be due to differences in survival rates but the possibility of differential vulnerability to the capture gear could not be ruled out. The proportion of treated kokanee in the catch increased with age, indicating that treated kokanee survived beyond the normal life span of the species.

scholarly journals Experimental Parasite Infection Causes Genome-Wide Changes in DNA Methylation

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Sagonas ◽  
Britta S Meyer ◽  
Joshka Kaufmann ◽  
Tobias L Lenz ◽  
Robert Häsler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Neuropeptide Ff ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
And Control

Abstract Parasites are arguably among the strongest drivers of natural selection, constraining hosts to evolve resistance and tolerance mechanisms. Although, the genetic basis of adaptation to parasite infection has been widely studied, little is known about how epigenetic changes contribute to parasite resistance and eventually, adaptation. Here, we investigated the role of host DNA methylation modifications to respond to parasite infections. In a controlled infection experiment, we used the three-spined stickleback fish, a model species for host–parasite studies, and their nematode parasite Camallanus lacustris. We showed that the levels of DNA methylation are higher in infected fish. Results furthermore suggest correlations between DNA methylation and shifts in key fitness and immune traits between infected and control fish, including respiratory burst and functional trans-generational traits such as the concentration of motile sperm. We revealed that genes associated with metabolic, developmental, and regulatory processes (cell death and apoptosis) were differentially methylated between infected and control fish. Interestingly, genes such as the neuropeptide FF receptor 2 and the integrin alpha 1 as well as molecular pathways including the Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation were hypermethylated in infected fish, suggesting parasite-mediated repression mechanisms of immune responses. Altogether, we demonstrate that parasite infection contributes to genome-wide DNA methylation modifications. Our study brings novel insights into the evolution of vertebrate immunity and suggests that epigenetic mechanisms are complementary to genetic responses against parasite-mediated selection.

scholarly journals Introducing Novel Bidirectional Telemetry Technologies in Advanced Pressure Management; The Case of Athens, EYDAP SA, Greece

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Eirini Bougoulia ◽  
Dimitris Foufeas ◽  
Nicholas Petroulias
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Web Communication ◽  
And Control

New bidirectional technologies for remote access and control of DMAs are introduced into the Advanced Pressure Management field. Using interconnected devices, a controller at the PRV and a logger at the DMA’s Critical Point, it is attempted to reach the optimal performance of the network in terms of pressure, energy consumption, economic parameters, losses and broken pipe events frequency. All manual adjustments are implemented remotely through an integral 2-way web communication system, allowing accessibility from any place, at any time. A case study of a 2-year trial period in Athens, Greece is presented.

scholarly journals Osmotic induction marking with Alizarin Red S on juveniles of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis (Atherinopsidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Campanella ◽  
Angela Garriz ◽  
Dario C. Colautti ◽  
Gustavo M. Somoza ◽  
Leandro A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alizarin Red S ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Odontesthes Bonariensis ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Potential Applicability

Juveniles of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis, were exposed to 0.1% Alizarin Red S (ARS) alone or with a previous immersion in 2.2% saline solution (Osmotic Induction, OI) to enhance the ARS marking method. Fish were marked in the field and immediately released in 1 m3 cages in "La Salada de Monasterio" lagoon, Chascomús, Buenos Aires , Argentina. After 73 days, clear marks were observed in the otoliths, caudal fin rays and scales with both treatments, being the intensity of the signal in the scales of OI+ARS treated fish higher. On the other hand, no marks were observed in the control group on the same structures. Approximately one year post-treatment (385 days), only marks in caudal fin rays were found clearly in OI+ARS treated fish. After this period, no significant differences in total length or weight between marked or control fish were observed and the mortality ranged between 30-40 % in all cages. These results provide strong evidence for the potential applicability of this cost-effective marking technique in differentiation of wild and hatchery-produced pejerrey. The success in the caudal fin rays marking is also important because it is easy to do and does not require the sacrifice of fish.

Effects of Dietary Aroclor® 1242 on Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and the Selective Accumulation of PCB Components

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Hansen ◽  
W. B. Wiekhorst ◽  
J. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Histopathological Lesions ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Selective Accumulation

Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings fed a diet containing 20 ppm Aroclor® 1242 for 20 wk responded with a reduced weight gain and liver hypertrophy when compared to controls. When treated fish were fed the control diet for 8 subsequent wk followed by 8 additional wk of Aroclor® feed, they approached control values for liver weight and surpassed the rate of gain for control fish. No histopathological lesions were observed in the fish fed PCB. The total PCB in fish declined slightly during an 8-wk PCB-free period beginning at week 12, but the PCB burden remained constant when the PCB-free period was begun at week 20. During PCB-free periods, there was a shift in residues from the edible carcass to the offal. Residues are discussed as components as well as total PCB. We found that a tetrachlorobiphenyl is more persistent than some higher chlorinated components and that various tissues accumulated different profiles of components.

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