scholarly journals Höstflyttande kungsfåglars Regulus regulus vikt på tre näraliggande rastplatser i sydöstra Sverige

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Rolf Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
The South ◽  
Eastern Side ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Baltic

Goldcrests Regulus regulus trapped during autumn migration at three sites in southeastern Sweden (inland, peninsula cape, and island) showed significant differences in mean body mass, about the same in both males and females: 0.71 g heavier inland than on the island, 25 km to the south, and 0.25 g heavier inland than at the peninsula 8 km to the south. The main reason for the difference was that mean body mass decreased during the day at the island and peninsula sites while it increased strongly at the inland site. Data on wind direction during night was compared with the mean body masses the following days at the different sites. The lightest birds were trapped after nights with wind from the east and the heaviest after nights with wind from south to west. It is assumed that these light birds had started off from the eastern side of the Baltic and that this resulted in low body masses after a direct night flight. They then rapidly moved to more favourable inland sites to recover mass.

scholarly journals Quantitative electroencephalography as a tool for objective neurophysiological seizure diagnosis: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Tribhuwan Kumar ◽  
Kamlesh Jha ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrical Activities

Objectives: Seizure is the fourth most common neurological disorder in the world; it affects all age groups with equal possibility of occurrence in both males and females. Many antiepileptic drugs are available today, but its diagnosis is challenging. The present study attempted to see if seizure activities could be predicted by analyzing the pre-seizure electrical activities. The prediction may help in taking preventive measures appropriately beforehand in the individuals with seizure proneness. Material and Methods: We selected 11 generalized seizure patients and 19 control patients out of total 115 patients referred for electro-diagnostics for various reasons. EEG of the subjects recorded, segmented as per protocol, and analyzed using MATLAB and EEGLAB tools. Results: The mean energy level in alpha and beta band of the study subject was significantly lower (P = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) as compared to the age matched control subjects. Theta and delta bands did not show any significant difference between the groups. The difference between the pre- and post-electrical seizure energy and entropy was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The study shows that the energy level remains low in the seizure patients in the alpha and beta bands. This further goes down when electrophysiological seizure activities starts. The randomness or entropy does not alter significantly among the seizure subjects in comparison to non-seizure subjects.

The Role of Lean Body Mass as a Nutritional Index in Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients—Comparison of Creatinine Kinetics Method and Anthropometric Method

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheuk-Chun Szeto ◽  
Johnathan Kong ◽  
Alan K.L. Wu ◽  
Teresa Y.H. Wong ◽  
Angela Y.M. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Creatinine Kinetics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objective To compare, in Chinese continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, the creatinine kinetics method (LBM-CK) and the anthropometric method (LBM-AM) for determining lean body mass (LBM). Design Single-center cross-sectional study. Patients and Methods We studied 151 unselected CAPD patients (78 males, 73 females). We calculated LBM-CK and LBM-AM using standard formulas. The results of the two methods were then compared by the Bland and Altman method. Dialysis adequacy and other nutritional indices, including total Kt/V, weekly creatinine clearance (CCr), residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR), protein nitrogen appearance (PNA), subjective global assessment (SGA), and serum albumin, were measured simultaneously. Results The mean age of the patients was 55.6 ± 12.2 years, and the mean duration of dialysis was 33.6 ± 28.5 months. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.7 ± 3.7. The average LBM-AM was 43.6 ± 8.0 kg; the average LBM-CK was 33.0 ± 9.3 kg. The difference between the calculated LBM-AM and LBM-CK was 10.7 kg, with LBM-AM always giving a higher value; the limits of agreement were –5.8 kg and 27.1 kg. The difference between the two measures correlated with residual GFR (Pearson r = 0.629, p < 0.001). After normalizing for desired body weight, LBM-AM was only modestly correlated with serum albumin level. No correlations were found between overall SGA score or normalized protein nitrogen appearance (nPNA) and LBM-AM or LBM-CK. Conclusions In Chinese patients at least, a substantial discrepancy exists between LBM-AM and LBM-CK. The difference is especially marked in patients with significant residual renal function. The optimal method for determining LBM remains obscure in Chinese CAPD patients. Moreover, LBM correlated poorly with other nutritional indices. Multiple parameters should be taken into consideration in an assessment of nutritional status of CAPD patients.

Relative abundances and size compositions of champagne crabs, Hypothalassia acerba, on two coasts and in different water depths and seasons

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim D. Smith ◽  
Norman G. Hall ◽  
Ian C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Spatial Partitioning ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Catch Rates

Hypothalassia acerba was sampled seasonally using traps at depths of 35, 90, 145, 200, 255, 310 and 365 m on the west and south coasts of Western Australia. Catch rates peaked at depths of 200 m on the west coast and 145 m on the south coast but at similar temperatures of 16.1–17.1°C. The west and south coast catches contained 69% and 84% males respectively. The carapace length of H. acerba declined significantly by 4 mm for each 100 m increase in depth. The maximum carapace length of males was greater than females on the west coast (135 v. 113 mm) and south coast (138 v. 120 mm). Furthermore, after adjustment to a depth of 200 m, the mean carapace lengths of males were greater than females on both the west coast (96.6 v. 94.6 mm) and south coast (101.5 v. 91.4 mm), with the difference on the south coast being significant (P < 0.001). Thus, in summary, (1) distribution was related to depth and temperature; (2) body size was inversely related to water depth; and (3) males grew larger and were caught in greater numbers than females. There was also evidence that the distribution changed slightly with season and of spatial partitioning by H. acerba and other large deep-water invertebrate predators.

The influence of temperature on development, longevity, and fecundity in the Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor (Hemiptera : Lygaeidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kehat ◽  
M Wyndham
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures ◽  
Significant Mortality

The mean duration of the egg stage of N. vinitor at constant temperatures ranged from 36.8 days at 15C to 3.8 days at 32C and that of the nymphs from 45 days at 20C to 12.0 days at 32C. Within the range 20-35C egg and nymphal mortalities were low; temperatures of 12 or 40C were lethal to both eggs and nymphs. Mean nymphal development times for males and females were similar. The threshold temperature for egg development was 14.5C and that for nymphs 15C; 70 and 225 day-degrees were required for completing egg and nymphal development respectively. The immature stages developed more rapidly at fluctuating temperatures out of doors than they did indoors at constant temperatures equal to the mean of the fluctuating temperatures. Within the range of screen temperatures 21.5-23.0C the difference between mean development in shade and in sun was 9-10 days. Age-specific fecundity and mortality schedules were determined for N. vinitor at constant temperatures. Temperature and longevity were inversely related and males survived longer than females. Thus at 22OC mean longevity of males was 115 days and of females 90 days, as compared with 31 and 18 days respectively at 30�C. After a maturation period that was longer at lower temperatures, daily egg-laying per female decreased with age from a maximum that occurred before there was significant mortality of females. The rates of the cumulative egg-laying increased with temperature from 22 to 35C. Mean total number of eggs per female was significantly higher at 25 and 30�C than at 22 or 35�C. However, life-table calculations revealed that a temperature of 35�C yielded the maximum rate of population increase. Within the range 22-35C, temperatures and rc values were linearly related. Unmated females laid significantly fewer eggs than those that had mated, but survived longer.

Seasonal Field Energetics of the Rufous Rat-Kangaroo (Aepyprymnus-Rufescens)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Wallis ◽  
B Green
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Water flux and field metabolic rate (FMR) were measured by the doubly labelled water (DLW) method in free-living male and female rufous rat-kangaroos Aepyprymnus rufescens near Drake in northern New South Wales. The mean FMR of 499 kJ kg-1 day-1 was similar in winter and summer even though the difference in mean minimum temperatures between the two seasons was 20-degrees-C. Furthermore, we did not find any differences in FMR between males and females even though several females carried large pouch young or had young-at-foot. A poor understanding of the diet and the behavioural ecology of A. rufescens makes ft difficult to explain the similarities between sexes and seasons.

scholarly journals Establishment of a new relationship between posed smile width and lower facial height: A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aby Abraham ◽  
Jinu George ◽  
Elbe Peter ◽  
Koshi Philip ◽  
Rajesh Chankramath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study is intended to add a new parameter that would be useful in orthodontic clinical evaluation, treatment planning, and determination of vertical dimension (at occlusion). Materials and Methods: Standardized videographic recording of 79 subjects during posed smile was captured. Each video was then cut into 30 photos using the free studio software. The widest commissure-to-commissure posed smile frame (posed smile width [SW]) was selected as one of 10 or more frames showing an identical smile. Lower third of the face is measured from subnasale to soft tissue menton using a digital vernier caliper. Two values were then compared. Ratio between lower facial height and posed SW was calculated. Results: The co-relation between smiling width and lower facial height was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). The ratio of lower facial height and smiling width was calculated as 1.0016 with a standard deviation (SD) = 0.04 in males and 1.0301 with an SD = 0.07 in females. The difference between the mean lower facial height in males and females was statistically significant with a t = 10.231 and P = 0.000. The difference between the mean smiling width in males and females was also statistically significant with a t = 5.653 and P = 0.000. Conclusion: In class I subjects with pleasing appearance, normal facial proportions, normal overjet and overbite, and average Frankfort mandibular angle, the lower facial height (subnasale to soft tissue menton) is equal to posed SW.

Diving behavior reduces genera richness of lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) of mammals

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadett Felső ◽  
Lajos Rózsa
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aquatic Mammals

AbstractLice of mammals spend the entire life cycle in the host hair, thus, the microclimate found near the mammal skin is likely to influence the structure of louse communities. Here we use a comparative approach to examine the effect of mammals’ diving behavior on the taxonomic richness of their lice. We compared the mean genera richness of lice, and — as potential confounding variables — the mean species richness of host, and the mean body mass of host between diving clades and their non-diving sister clades. Louse genera richness was significantly lower in clades of aquatic mammals than on their non-diving sister clades. Host species richness was not significantly different between these clades. Body mass was significantly higher in clades of aquatic mammals, however, the direction of this difference cannot explain the difference in parasite taxonomic richness. This study suggests that mammals’ diving behavior can effectively shape their ectoparasite communities.

scholarly journals The Haemoglobin Concentration of Normal English Males and Females

1933 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Jenkins ◽  
C. S. D. Don
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Experimental Accuracy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

The determination of the mean normal haemoglobin concentration has re ceived more attention in America than in this country. Recently Price-Jones (1931) has compared the values in London with those found in America. He used the Haldane haemoglobinometer and his results are as accurate as is possible having regard to the method employed. In America his results were 3 percent. above those of the Haldane gas analysis apparatus (1901) by which theclinical instrument is supposed to be calibrated. Twenty comparisons were made in America and showed that the Haldane gas apparatus gave results averaging 2·6 per cent. below those of the Van Slyke apparatus. Price-Jones considers this to have no statistical significance. From the standpoint of experimental accuracy the difference is appreciable, as all methods for the measurement of oxygen combined with Hb are essentially pragmatic.

RATING OF THE VALENCE OF TWENTY NEGATIVES IMAGES FROM IAPS BY A SAMPLE OF MOROCCAN NURSE STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Lahcen Bandadi ◽  
Nadia Chamkal ◽  
Ahmed O. T. Ahami
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Stimulus ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nurse Students

This study aims to rate twenty negative images from IAPS among a sample nurse students. We compare the mean valences between males and females and between participants from the final semester and participants from the first semester. The comparison of the mean valences values between the current study and the norm mean valence values from IAPS was established. null We tested 100 students from Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technics of Health, Rabat, Morocco, were recruited. The panel valence from SAM was cued to evaluate the perceived pleasure and unpleased degree after exposing the different images from IAPS to the participants. The displeasure degree among nurse students from final semester is lower than that of the first semester with a significant difference in sixteen images. Regarding the difference between males and females, the significant difference was observed only in five images. The all images evaluated by participant were perceived as negative (valence <4). Regarding the comparison of the mean valences values between a the current study and the norm mean valence values from IAPS significant differences were observed. Nurse students from the final semester, compared to the first semester students, perceived the negative images assessed as less unpleasant. However, we noted that the all images have kept the negative aspect. These results show that these images can be used as a negative emotional stimulus among this population.

The Foot Posture Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Sánchez Rodríguez ◽  
Alfonso Martínez Nova ◽  
Elena Escamilla Martínez ◽  
Beatriz Gómez Martín ◽  
Rodrigo Martínez Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neutral Posture

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) quantifies foot posture on the basis of six criteria. Although the male foot is longer and broader than the female foot, limited evidence exists about the differences in foot posture between the sexes and which are its biological and anthropometric determinants. We sought to evaluate possible sex differences in the FPI and the determinants influencing foot posture. Methods: In 400 individuals (201 men and 199 women), the FPI was determined in the static bipedal stance and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (−2, −1, 0, 1, or 2) given to each of six criteria. A multiple regression model was constructed of the overall FPI against age, weight, height, body mass index, and foot size. Results: The mean ± SD FPI was 2.0 ± 4.3 overall, 1.6 ± 4.5 for men, and 2.4 ± 4.1 for women, with the difference being nonsignificant (P = .142). The neutral posture was the most frequent (57.3%). A greater proportion of women had neutral and pronated feet, and a greater proportion of men had supinated and highly supinated feet, with the differences being nonsignificant (P = .143). Foot size, height, and body mass index together explained 10.1% of the overall FPI value (P &lt; .001). Conclusions: The most frequent posture was neutral with a certain degree of pronation, with no differences in FPI values between men and women. Participants with larger foot sizes had higher FPI values, whereas taller and heavier participants had lower FPI values. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(5): 400–404, 2013)

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