scholarly journals Moult pattern of primaries and secondaries during first and second flight feather molt in Great Grey Owls Strix nebulosa

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Roar Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Variable Number ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Flight Feather ◽  
Strix Nebulosa ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Feather Molt ◽  
Wing Moult

Great Grey Owls start flight feather moult when in their second year. Moult was studied on outspread wings of 58 individuals in the collections at Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stockholm. The owls always moulted the innermost secondaries in their first moult, and usually at least two primaries, most often P5 and P6. After this moult, birds had 11–17 juvenile feathers left in each wing, of a total of 21 flight feathers. In their second flight feather moult, birds shed primaries outwards and inwards from the primaries moulted during the first moult. A variable number of secondaries outwards from S10 and S11 were moulted. All birds retained at least one juvenile feather, always P1. The number of juvenile flight feathers after the second moult was 1–6. The collection held no individuals known to be in their third flight feather moult. Thus it was not possible to determine whether birds in this age group could be aged by the wing moult pattern. Great Grey Owls with no juvenile flight feathers should thus be classified as 4C+ in autumn, and 5C+ in spring.

scholarly journals Polymorphic Flight-Feather Molt Sequence in Tufted Puffins (Fratercula Cirrhata): A Rare Phenomenon in Birds

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Thompson ◽  
Alexander S. Kitaysky
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Flight Feather ◽  
Passerine Species ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
Discrete Sequences ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Feather Molt ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Previous reports have stated that Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) lose all of their flight feathers simultaneously (or nearly so) during flight-feather molt and replace them in no apparent order. In contrast, we found that captive second-year (SY) Tufted Puffins (1) typically require 15 and 10 days to lose their primaries and secondaries, respectively, during their first flight-feather molt, and an average of 21 days to lose all of their remiges; and (2) replace their primaries in either of two discrete sequences. In 9 of 13 birds, primary molt began at the innermost primary, P1, and progressed distally to the outermost functional primary, P10. However, in the remaining four birds, primary molt began in the middle of the primaries (P5-P7) and progressed both distally to P10 and proximally toward P1. Before the proximal wave reached P1, a second wave of molt was initiated at P1 and progressed distally, typically replacing P2 and P3 before reaching the proximal wave. Such polymorphism in flight-feather molt sequence is rare in birds, having been reported previously only in a few passerine species. Secondary molt began about 13 days after onset of primary molt and finished at about the same time as primary molt, resulting in a total duration of flight-feather molt of ∼54 days and a flightless period of ∼40 days.

scholarly journals Allometry of the Duration of Flight Feather Molt in Birds

PLoS Biology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e1000132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sievert Rohwer ◽  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
Vanya G. Rohwer ◽  
Michelle M. Copple
Keyword(s):  
Flight Feather ◽  
Feather Molt

scholarly journals Influence of breastfeeding and timing of gluten introduction on the onset of celiac disease in infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 683-687
Author(s):  
Marija Mladenovic ◽  
Nedeljko Radlovic ◽  
Zoran Lekovic ◽  
Biljana Vuletic ◽  
Vladimir Radlovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
European Society ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pediatric Gastroenterology ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
The University

Introduction/Objective. The classic type of celiac disease (CD) is most common in children under two years of age. The aim of this study was to investigate whether breastfeeding, particularly breastfeeding during gluten introduction, and timing of gluten introduction, influence the onset of CD at this age. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 93 children, 40 in the first and 53 in the second year, with a classic CD diagnosed at the University Children?s Hospital, Belgrade between 2000 and 2010. The diagnosis of CD was based on the criteria of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) from 1989. Results. Duration of breastfeeding reduced the onset of the CD in the first year p = 0.039 (OR = 1.43 95% CI 1.019?1.899). Also, breastfeeding at the time of gluten introduction significantly delayed the age at diagnosis (F = 1.671, t = 2.39, p = 0.029). The timing of gluten introduction did not affect the age of occurrence of CD in these group of children. Conclusion. Longer breastfeeding, and breastfeeding at the time of gluten introduction, postponed the onset of classic CD in patients up to two years. The association between the occurrence of CD and the time of introduction of gluten in this age group of patients has not been established.

scholarly journals Study on the Epidemiology of Typhoid Fever

1927 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Kligler
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Group 5

A study was made of the available statistical data bearing on the epidemiology of typhoid in Palestine. It apears from this analysis that:1. The typhiod epidemicity is not due to a single source such as contaminated water or food. The seasonal prevalence of the disease corresponds with the normal seasonal incidence of typhiod, and is, therefore, in the nature of a contact infection.2. There is no striking difference in age, sex or race susceptibility. In Tel Aviv the age group 5–14 shows a lower incidence than the corresponding age group in Jerusalem or the higher age group 15–29 in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. There is, however, no difference in susceptibility between the age group 15–29 in Jerusalem and that in Tel Aviv.3. From a graphic comparisos, the calculation of the coefficient of correlation of the limited experience (six years), and a comparison of the prevalence of the disease in the immigrant and indigenous population, there appears to be a significant correlation between the net population increment and epidemicity. These results, if confirmed by a longer experience, are in accord with those obtained in the remarkable mice experiments conducted by the English and American investigators.4. Although, at the beginning, the morbidity and mortality is higher in the immigrant group, there is an evident tendency at equalisation, and in the second year the incidence in the indigenous population is the same as that among the immigrants.5. The above results indicate the path of control: (a) every immigrant, particularly those between the ages 5–29, should be properly vaccinated against typhoid. By raising the resistance of the new population, the possibility of epidemics among them, and consequently later among the resident population, will be averted; (b) the reduction of endemic typhoid can be brought about by reducing the dosage of the infectious microbes. This can only be brought about by concentration of effort on the early detection and isolation of cases and the vaccination of all contacts. These two measures would seem to offer a prompt and relatively simple solution to the typhoid problem in Palestine.

scholarly journals High-intensity flight feather molt and comparative molt ecology of warblers of eastern North America

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L Mumme ◽  
Robert S Mulvihill ◽  
David Norman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Flight Feather ◽  
Feather Molt

Abstract Rapid high-intensity molt of flight feathers occurs in many bird species and can have several detrimental consequences, including reductions in flight capabilities, foraging performance, parental care, and plumage quality. Many migratory New World warblers (family Parulidae) are known to have intense remigial molt, and recent work has suggested that simultaneous replacement of the rectrices may be widespread in the family as well. However, the phylogenetic distribution of simultaneous rectrix molt, and high-intensity flight feather molt more generally, has not been systematically investigated in warblers. We addressed this issue by examining flight feather molt in 13 species, representing 7 different warbler genera, at Powdermill Avian Research Center in southwestern Pennsylvania, USA. All 13 species replaced their 12 rectrices simultaneously, with the onset of rectrix molt occurring in the early-middle stages of high-intensity primary molt. As expected, single-brooded early migrants molted earlier than double-brooded species whose nesting activities extend into late summer. However, our finding that late-molting species replaced their primaries more slowly and less intensively than early molting species was unexpected, as late-molting species are widely hypothesized to be under stronger migration-related time constraints. This surprising result appears to be at least partially explained by a positive association between the pace of molt and daylength; shorter late-summer days may mandate reduced daily food intake, lower molt intensity, and a slower pace of molt. In comparison to other passerines, flight feather molt in warblers of eastern North America is extraordinarily intense; at its peak, individuals are simultaneously replacing 50–67% of their 48 flight feathers (all 12 rectrices and 6–10 remiges on each wing) for 2–3 weeks or more. Because molt of this intensity is likely to present numerous challenges for flight, avoiding predators, foraging, and parental care, the period of flight feather molt for warblers constitutes a highly demanding phase of their annual cycle.

scholarly journals Flight feather moult drives minimum daily heart rate in wild geese

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 20180650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Portugal ◽  
Craig. R. White ◽  
Jonathan A. Green ◽  
Patrick J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Heart Rate Data ◽  
Flight Feather ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barnacle Geese ◽  
Wing Moult

Waterfowl undergo an annual simultaneous flight-feather moult that renders them flightless for the duration of the regrowth of the flight feathers. In the wild, this period of flightlessness could restrict the capacity of moulting birds to forage and escape predation. Selection might therefore favour a short moult, but feather growth is constrained and presumably energetically demanding. We therefore tested the hypothesis that for birds that undergo a simultaneous flight-feather moult, this would be the period in the annual cycle with the highest minimum daily heart rates, reflecting these increased energetic demands. Implantable heart rate data loggers were used to record year-round heart rate in six wild barnacle geese ( Branta leucopsis ), a species that undergoes a simultaneous flight-feather moult. The mean minimum daily heart rate was calculated for each individual bird over an 11-month period, and the annual cycle was divided into seasons based on the life-history of the birds. Mean minimum daily heart rate varied significantly between seasons and was significantly elevated during wing moult, to 200 ± 32 beats min −1 , compared to all other seasons of the annual cycle, including both the spring and autumn migrations. The increase in minimum daily heart rate during moult is likely due to feather synthesis, thermoregulation and the reallocation of minerals and protein.

scholarly journals The use of Wittgenstein's language games to promote argumentation in children at the beginning of scientific literacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Roberta Veloso Garcia ◽  
Juliana Marques Cianni dos Santos ◽  
Estaner Claro Romão
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Science Classes

The insertion of the individual in the scientific culture goes through scientific literacy and this, through teaching that privileges research and argumentation in the school scenario, mainly in Science classes. Based on indicators found in the literature that point to scientific literacy and models proposed by Lawson to define the structure of the argument, a table was elaborated to relate the argumentation of children in the second year of elementary school, leveling it in five levels that point to the logical reasoning and the dominion of content, taking into account Wittgenstein's linguistic games. To analyze what level the children were at, a didactic sequence was elaborated that allowed the observation and study of the arguments used by them. Considering such activities and the children's age group, it was observed that they tend not to complete the argumentative sequence, but they already have strong traces of scientific literacy.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF STANDING LONG JUMP TECHNIQUE PERFORMED BY SUBJECTS FROM DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (98) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Hraski ◽  
Željko Hraski ◽  
Ivan Prskalo
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Second Year

Background. The aim of this study was to determine kinematic parameters relevant for the proficient performance of standing long jump (SLJ) test in boys and adolescents. Methods. The investigation was conducted on 120 participants divided into five experimental groups of 20 boys and adolescents aged 4–18 and one control group composed of 20 students from the second year of Faculty of Kinesiology whose performance was considered as a model of proficient execution of analysed test. The set of variables was composed of 15 kinematic parameters. For determining the influence of selected kinematic parameters on proficiency of standing long jump test, the Stepwise Regression Analyses was used. Results. The results showed the existence of specific relationship between selected kinematic parameters that significantly affected the execution of standing long jump test in each age group. Conclusion. It can be concluded that, according to analysed kinematic parameters, technique of standing long jump significantly differ from early age to maturity.

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