scholarly journals Optimal Learning Conditions for Masters and Doctor of Professional Practice Māori Learners

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Kelli Te Maihāroa
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Learning Conditions

Responses of the Densely Hemiplegic Upper Extremity to Bilateral Training

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Heather Mudie ◽  
Thomas A. Matyas
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Bilateral Training ◽  
Brain Reorganization ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis

Objective: Recovery of movement in the densely hemiplegic upper extremity re mains a problem after stroke. This study aimed to determine whether movement recovery could be improved in the hemiplegic arm with bilateral isokinematic training. Methods: Within and between groups, planned comparisons investigated the effects of bilateral training on attempts at two movements by subjects with acute and chronic problems with one and two bilateral practice phases. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of mid dle deltoid and extensor carpi radialis longus in the hemiplegic arm was recorded dur ing unilateral and bilateral isometric shoulder abduction and wrist extension. Results: Small increases in muscle activity were demonstrated by both experimental and con trol subjects during most bilateral practices in both actions. However, these increases were not significantly different from the previous unilateral trial, and the bilateral ef fect failed to generalize to subsequent trials. Previous studies with less densely hemiplegic subjects had demonstrated generalization of improvements in movement patterns with bilateral training to unimanual actions of the densely hemiplegic arm. Conclusions: Extensive lesions may limit brain reorganization and recover of dense hemiplegia after stroke. Nonetheless, on the basis of findings from other studies in which functional im provements occurred in both acute and chronic severely stroke-affected subjects, out come forecasting for the hemiplegic upper extremity should only eventuate after provi sion of practice under optimal learning conditions. Key Words: Bilateral isokinematic training—Dense hemiplegia—Stroke—Treatment outcomes.

Education of Children and Adolescents with Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome. Selected problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Anida Szafrańska
Keyword(s):  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Adolescents With Autism

Children and adolescents with autism and Asperger syndrome are a diverse group in terms of their social, emotional, cognitive and communicative functioning. In every child and young person, dis-orders manifest themselves in different ways and with different intensity; therefore, the choice of the best form of education should be considered individually. The present article deals with education of children and adolescents with autism and Asperger syndrome. Moreover, attention has been drawn here to the growing interest of parents in inclusive education. What is more, the principles of creating optimal learning conditions have been discussed.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN KELAS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 10 KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Githa Ulandari ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Arono Arono
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Learning Condition ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Process Observation

Classroom management is a real effort to realize an effective teaching or learning process. With good class management is expected to support the achievement of learning objectives and provide a positive influence that directly support the implementation of teaching and learning in the classroom. In order to provide encouragement and stimulus to students in learning, the class needs to be managed as well as possible. Activities that need to be implemented in managing the class, namely the arrangement of students in the classroom, spatial arrangement, creating classroom discipline, showing attitude responsiveness.This study aims to determine the management of classes in Indonesian subjects related to the maintenance of optimal learning conditions (preventive) Learning conditions (repressive). Data collection with observation of learning process observation. Interviews with relevant subject teachers, and with a study of the form of a learning program plan (RPP). The results obtained, then analyzed based on the method of observation and documentation studies and. The results showed that classroom management in Indonesian language subjects in SMP Negeri 10 Bengkulu city related to the maintenance of optimal learning (preventive) which consists of 6 aspects and return of learning condition (repressive) consisting of 3 aspects already implemented by the teacher.

Input spacing and the learning of L2 vocabulary in a classroom context

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rogers ◽  
Anisa Cheung
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Classroom Context ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
School Students ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Teaching Procedure ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Authentic Classroom ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

This study examined the optimal learning schedule for second language vocabulary within an authentic classroom setting in Hong Kong. Following a pretest, treatment, delayed posttest design, fifty-two primary school students (Cantonese first language) studied 20 English adjectives over two learning episodes under spaced-short (1-day interval) or spaced-long (8-day interval) learning conditions. The spacing of the vocabulary items was manipulated within-participants, and learning was assessed on a multiple-choice posttest, administered following a four-week delay. In contrast to previous laboratory-based findings, the results here indicated superior learning of the items presented under the spaced-short format, suggesting that lag effects might be attenuated by age, learning context and teaching procedure.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN A BILINGUAL CLASS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Dwiniasih Dwiniasih ◽  
Farah Sukmawati Wahidah ◽  
Susanto Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Teaching Performance ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Pre Service Teacher

 For the decades, managing classroom becomes one of the most important topics as the concern to be developed by educational department in improving students' quality. One of them is preparing pre-service teachers by strengthening their teaching skills such as managing classroom. Therefore, this study aims to investigate pre-service teacher's classroom management and its problem faced, where observation checklist is used by other participants in reviewing forty respondents’ teaching performance. Meanwhile in supporting the second purpose; Interview is used to delve more the problem faced by pre-service teacher while managing classroom. The results reveal that the skill which is still not optimal related to the creation and maintenance of optimal learning conditions is the skill that shows response attitude because of nervous and tend to focus to the certain group or students considered comfortable. Meanwhile, skills related to the control of optimal learning conditions that is still not done optimally by the participants, namely finding and overcoming behavior that poses problems with the way of exile caused by frightened by pre-service teachers against increasingly poor or rebellious student responses. However, referring to overall indicator of classroom management skills, pre-service teacher could be categorized as having done a grade managing skills well.

Evolution's Pedagogy: An Adaptationist Model of Pretense and Entertainment

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Steen ◽  
Stephanie Owens
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Play Signals ◽  
Elementary Form ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Simulated Scenario

AbstractThe portrayal of the actions of fictive characters for purposes of entertainment is a familiar phenomenon. Theories that seek to explain why we are attracted to such fictions and whether we learn from them have produced no consensus and no adequate overall account. In this paper, we present the hypothesis that entertainment relies on cognitive adaptations for pretend play. As a simplified model system, we draw on our field study of children's chase play, which is characterized by an elementary form of pretense. The children pretend, at first without consciously representing their pretense, to be chased by predators. The details of this behavior, widespread among mammals, indicate that the biological function of the game may be to train predator-evasion strategies. Chase play, we suggest, evolved in early mammals because it enabled cheap and plentiful resources to be used to train strategies for events that are rare, dangerous, and expensive. More generally, we argue that pretense is used to access spaces of possible actions in order to locate and practice new strategies. It relies on the creation of a simulated scenario and requires sophisticated source monitoring. The simulation is experienced as intrinsically rewarding; boredom is a design feature to motivate the construction of a more appropriate pedagogical situation, while the thrill of play signals optimal learning conditions. The conscious narrative elaboration of chase games involves an elementary form of role play, where we propose a virtual agent is created that tracks and acts on the memories required for coherent action within the simulation. These complex if familiar design features, we suggest, provide a minimalist functional and adaptationist account of the central features of entertainment: that it is fun, that it involves us imaginatively and emotionally, and that it has a tacit pedagogical effect. The model provides a principled and testable account of fiction-based entertainment grounded in evolutionary and cognitive processes.

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