Supplement use in Swiss wheelchair athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Wheelchair Athletes ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
The One ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Specific Education

Supplement use in able-bodied athletes during major championships was reported to be around 80 to 90%. In contrast, the prevalence of supplement use in Paralympic athletes according to surveys from 2004 and 2012 was lower with around 40 to 58%. This study aimed to investigate the supplement use in Swiss wheelchair athletes. All Swiss wheelchair athletes were asked to complete a retrospective survey on supplement use during training and competition. The 65 Swiss wheelchair athletes (age: 39 ± 12 y, height: 174 ± 9 cm; body mass: 67 ± 11 kg) responding to the survey participated in rugby, basketball, paracycling, athletics, curling, badminton, alpine skiing and e-hockey. In total, 63% of the athletes used supplements during training periods and 43% before competitions. During training periods, they used mainly sports drinks (29%), recovery drinks (17%), vitamin D (15%), multivitamins (14%), magnesium (12%), proteins (11%), iron (9%) and energy gels (8%). Before competitions, 5% used caffeine, 5% creatine, 1.5% beta-alanine and 1.5% beetroot juice. Forty-two percent of all athletes wanted more information about sports nutrition and supplementation. The number of Swiss wheelchair athletes using supplements was comparable to the one observed in Paralympic sports. Based on the athletes’ feedback, it is recommended to promote the specific education in sports nutrition and to provide the athletes and coaches with more specific information on supplements and nutritional strategies.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES OF SLOVENIAN NATIONAL JUNIOR SWIMMING TEAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Vesna Simič ◽  
Nina Mohorko
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to assess the nutritional strategies of Slovenian national junior swimming team and compare them with recommendations of clinical sports nutrition. Competitive young swimmers namely have increased energy and nutrient needs compared to general adolescents due to frequent and intense training. Despite some physiological differences from adults, adult sports nutrition recommendations for macronutrients apply to them. Further, literature reports iron, calcium, and vitamin D intake as frequently inadequate.Methods: Nutritional strategies of 19 members of Slovenian national junior swimming team were assessed retrospectively through 3-day food and activity diaries, questionnaires, anthropometric data including bioimpedance analysis. Energy availability (EA), macronutrient intake and timing, iron, calcium and vitamin D intakes, hydration, consumption of sports food and dietary supplement use were evaluated.Results: EA in some of male swimmers and in majority of  female swimmers was lower than recommended. Carbohydrate intake was adequate in male swimmers and two thirds of female swimmers. Although average protein intake exceeded the upper recommended limit, some  female swimmers did not meet the lower recommended intake limit. Total fat intake was lower than recommended, with saturated fat intake on the upper recommended level. Calcium and iron intake in male swimmers exceeded recommended values, while female swimmers had lower calcium intake than recommended and some had lower iron intake, too. Vitamin D intake was low in all swimmers. Meal timing was adequate in majority of swimmers, who often reached for dietary supplements, mostly omega 3 fatty acids, multivitamins, and magnesium.Conclusions: Low EA in young competitive swimmers is of concern. More successful, personalised nutrition strategies for young competitive swimmers, focusing on higher energy intake and healthy food choices, would contribute to the preservation of their health and development into top performers.

Overview Statement on Medical Records

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh C. Thompson ◽  
Stanton J. Barron ◽  
John P. Connelly ◽  
Andrew Margileth ◽  
Richard Olmsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Chart Audit ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Historically, medical records have been maintamed by individual physicians to record specific information concerning patients. This information was often understandable only to the writer. The data were of outstanding events. This was thought to be sufficient documentation for patient care. Records are now read by others than the individual physicians. Groups of physicians working together often share the same patients and their records. Patients may have multiple sources of care. Our population has become more mobile which makes it necessary to transfer vast amounts of medical information. The medical record many times is the one instrument which gives a complete and continuous documentation of the patient's medical history. Third-party payers are requesting access to medical records to document services provided. Chart audit is being tested as a mechanism for evaluating physician performance. Records must reflect what the physician does in order to be useful in such an appraisal. Much clinical research on the delivery of health care depends on accurately kept records which are easily interpreted. A chart is also a legal document for the protection of the physician as well as the patient. Thus, records will be used in other than traditional ways. Proper confidentiality must be maintained when such uses are necessary. Physicians generally agree as to the essential content of a medical record. However, there is little unanimity as to the structure of the chart. No one system of keeping records is now appropriate for all situations. The maintenance of adequate charts requires additional cost in both time and money.

scholarly journals Supplements and Nutritional Interventions to Augment High-Intensity Interval Training Physiological and Performance Adaptations—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Abbie E. Smith-Ryan ◽  
Katie R. Hirsch ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves short bursts of intense activity interspersed by periods of low-intensity exercise or rest. HIIT is a viable alternative to traditional continuous moderate-intensity endurance training to enhance maximal oxygen uptake and endurance performance. Combining nutritional strategies with HIIT may result in more favorable outcomes. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight key dietary interventions that may augment adaptations to HIIT, including creatine monohydrate, caffeine, nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, protein, and essential amino acids, as well as manipulating carbohydrate availability. Nutrient timing and potential sex differences are also discussed. Overall, sodium bicarbonate and nitrates show promise for enhancing HIIT adaptations and performance. Beta-alanine has the potential to increase training volume and intensity and improve HIIT adaptations. Caffeine and creatine have potential benefits, however, longer-term studies are lacking. Presently, there is a lack of evidence supporting high protein diets to augment HIIT. Low carbohydrate training enhances the upregulation of mitochondrial enzymes, however, there does not seem to be a performance advantage, and a periodized approach may be warranted. Lastly, potential sex differences suggest the need for future research to examine sex-specific nutritional strategies in response to HIIT.

scholarly journals Rapid feedback corrections during a bimanual postural task

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Omrani ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen ◽  
Stephen H. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Motor Physiology ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Online Feedback

An important observation in motor physiology is that even the fastest feedback responses can be modified in a task-dependent manner. However, whether or not such responses in one limb can be modulated based on online sensory feedback from other limbs is still unknown. We tested this using a bimanual postural control task, in which the two hands either controlled two separate cursors (double-cursor task) or a single cursor displayed at the spatial average between the hands (single-cursor task). In the first experiment, the two hands were symmetrically perturbed outwards. In the double-cursor task, the participants therefore had to return their hands to the targets, whereas in the single-cursor task no correction was necessary. Within 50 ms, the electromyographic activity showed significantly smaller responses in the single- compared with the double-cursor task. In the second experiment, the perturbation direction of the left hand (inward/outward) was randomized, such that participants could not preplan their response before perturbation onset. Results show that the behavior of the right arm in the one-cursor task depended on online feedback coming from the left arm: the muscular response was modulated within 75 ms based on directionally specific information of the left arm. These results suggest that sensory feedback from one limb can quickly modify the perturbation response of another limb in a task-dependent manner.

Two fast prototypes of web-based augmented reality enhancement for books

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Lou
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The One ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Specific Education ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Library Collections

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify a light and scalable augmented reality (AR) solution to enhance library collections. Design/methodology/approach The author first did research to identify the major obstacle in creating a scalable AR solution. Next, she explored possible workaround methods and successfully developed two prototypes that make the current Web-based AR work with ISBN barcode. Findings Libraries have adopted AR technology in recent years mainly by developing mobile applications for specific education or navigation programs. Yet a straight-forward AR solution to enhance a library's collection has not been seen. One of the obstacles lies in finding a scalable and painless solution to associate special AR objects with physical books. At title level, books already have their unique identifier – the ISBN number. Unfortunately, marker-based AR technology only accept two-dimensional (2-D) objects, not the one-dimensional (1-D) EAN barcode (or ISBN barcode) used by books, as markers for technical reasons. In this paper, the author shares her development of two prototypes to make the Web-based AR work with the ISBN barcode. With the prototypes, a user can simply scan the ISBN barcode on a book to retrieve related AR content. Research limitations/implications This paper mainly researched and experimented with Web-based AR technologies in the attempt to identify a solution that is as platform-neutral as possible, and as user-friendly as possible. Practical implications The light and platform-neutral AR prototypes discussed in this paper have the benefits of minimum cost on both the development side and the experience side. A library does not need to put any additional marker on any book to implement the AR. A user does not need to install any additional applications in his/her smartphone to experience the AR. The prototypes show a promising future where physical collections inside libraries can become more interactive and attractive by blurring the line of reality and virtuality. Social implications The paper can help initiate the discussion on applying Web-based AR technologies to library collections.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation Practices of Singaporean Athletes

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Slater ◽  
Benedict Tan ◽  
Kong Chuan Teh
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Sports Supplements ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Specialist Knowledge

The supplementation practices of elite athletes in Singapore were studied using an anonymous questionnaire. Information was sought on not only the type of supplements used but also dosage, rationale for use, and other factors that might influence supplement use including selected demographic parameters and sources of information relating to supplements. Data was collected from 160 athletes across a spectrum of 30 sports. Use of supplements was widespread, with 77% of respondents acknowledging use of at least 1 product. Respondents ingested a total of 59 different supplements, with each athlete using on average 3.6 ± 0.3 different products. Sports drinks, caffeine, vitamin C, multivitamin/mineral supplements, and essence of chicken were some of the most commonly ingested products, confirming that while vitamin/mineral supplements are popular, sports supplements and traditional/herbal preparations were also well accepted. Respondents preferred to source information pertaining to supplements from “significant others” and other readily accessible sources. A small number of respondents acknowledged the use of International Olympic Committee (IOC) banned or restricted substances, highlighting the need for athletes to consult sports medicine professionals with specialist knowledge of dietary supplements in advance of initiating any supplementation regime.

Dietary Supplement Usage, Motivation, and Education in Young Canadian Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Wiens ◽  
Kelly Anne Erdman ◽  
Megan Stadnyk ◽  
Jill A. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Supplement Usage ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use

Purpose:To evaluate dietary supplement use in young Canadian athletes, their motivation for consuming supplements, and their sources of information.Methods:A questionnaire tested for content validity and reliability was administered to 567 athletes between the ages of 11 and 25 years from the Canadian athletic community in face-to-face meetings. Demographics and sport variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine dietary supplementation patterns and sources of information regarding dietary supplement use between categories of gender, age, sport type, and competition level.Results:Ninety-eight percent of athletes were taking at least one dietary supplement. Males were more likely to consume protein powder, energy drinks, recovery drinks, branched chain amino acids, beta-alanine, and glutamine (p < .01); supplements typically associated with increased muscle mass. Athletes 11–17 years old focused on vitamin and mineral supplements; whereas, athletes 18–25 years old focused on purported ergogenic supplements. Strength training athletes were more likely to consume creatine, glutamine, and protein powders (p < .02). Reasons for supplement use included to stay healthy, increase energy, immune system, recovery, and overall performance. Primary sources of information were family and friends, coaches, and athletic trainers; with 48% of athletes having met with a dietitian. Preferred means of education included individual consultations, presentations, and the internet.Conclusions:The majority of young athletes are using dietary supplements with the belief they will improve performance and health; however, may not always have reliable information. Educational programs using individual consultations and electronic media are recommended for this demographic.

scholarly journals International society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Trexler ◽  
Abbie E. Smith-Ryan ◽  
Jeffrey R. Stout ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Colin D. Wilborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Beta Alanine

scholarly journals Meta Reinforcement Learning with Task Embedding and Shared Policy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lan ◽  
Zhenguo Li ◽  
Xiaohong Guan ◽  
Pinghui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Learning To Learn ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Shared Information ◽  
Meta Learning ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Despite significant progress, deep reinforcement learning (RL) suffers from data-inefficiency and limited generalization. Recent efforts apply meta-learning to learn a meta-learner from a set of RL tasks such that a novel but related task could be solved quickly. Though specific in some ways, different tasks in meta-RL are generally similar at a high level. However, most meta-RL methods do not explicitly and adequately model the specific and shared information among different tasks, which limits their ability to learn training tasks and to generalize to novel tasks. In this paper, we propose to capture the shared information on the one hand and meta-learn how to quickly abstract the specific information about a task on the other hand. Methodologically, we train an SGD meta-learner to quickly optimize a task encoder for each task, which generates a task embedding based on past experience. Meanwhile, we learn a policy which is shared across all tasks and conditioned on task embeddings. Empirical results on four simulated tasks demonstrate that our method has better learning capacity on both training and novel tasks and attains up to 3 to 4 times higher returns compared to baselines.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of 2550 amateur cyclists shows lack of knowledge regarding relevant sports nutrition guidelines

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
D C Janse van Rensburg ◽  
I M Sparks ◽  
L Fletcher ◽  
A Jansen van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Advice ◽  
Sports Drink ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Endurance Cycling

   Background: Amateur cyclists use a wide variety of supplements and nutritional substances to increase performance in addition to their training.  Objectives: The intended nutritional supplement use, carbohydrate (CHO) use and hydration practices of amateur cyclists before, during and after endurance cycling were analysed. Evidence of ignorance regarding the use of sports supplements and CHO, as well as the disregard of hydration strategy was hypothesised.  Methods: Amateur cyclists, of all age and sex groups, were requested to complete an online survey anonymously on the 2013 Momentum 94.7 Cycle Challenge website, a few days before the event.  Results: Responses were received from 2 550 out of 30 640 race entrants (8%); representing a distribution of 75% males, 25% females, with the majority between 25 to 45 years old. Nutritional supplements were used by 59% of respondents, with 77% dose adherence, and 29% with supplement ingredient knowledge. Half of the respondents (48%) planned to carbo-load two-three days before the event, while only five percent used professional advice to scientifically calculate their carbo-loading requirements. CHO were consumed by 81% during the event. Hydration preferences during the race were sports drinks (59%) and water (22%); and after the race 45% preferred a sports drink and 40% water. Ingredients, taste, colour, and temperature were criteria used to choose a sports drink. Only 18% of respondents knew to use both colour of urine and thirstiness to determine post-race fluid requirements.  Conclusion: The authors concluded that amateur cyclists had insufficient knowledge regarding nutritional supplement ingredients and usage, CHO requirements and carbo-loading practices, and hydration strategies before, during and after the event. 

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