Einfluss der Belastungsdauer beim HIT-Krafttraining

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Strength Exercises ◽  
Intensity Training ◽  
Single Set

High intensity training (HIT) is a variant of single-set training. It is becoming increasingly popular in strength training practice. Contrary to the large number of research on multiple-set training, empirical investigations addressing HIT are rare. There is evidence that an important factor for muscle hypertrophy is the muscle time under tension (TUT). However, scientific knowledge about the optimal length of the TUT is lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a rather short TUT (20–40 s) with a rather long TUT (50–70 s) during HIT strength training. Nine experienced recreational sportsmen completed a ten week HIT strength training either with the short or the long TUT. The participants performed a whole-body training program with nine strength exercises twice a week. After the intervention they showed significant improvements of 5-RM (p < 0.05; 0.780 ≤ η2 ≤ 0.906) for all strength exercises. The short TUT intervention group increased their strength performance by 20.6%–44.2%, whereas the long TUT intervention group improved by 12.3%–33.7%. There were no statistically significant differences between both intervention groups (p > 0.05; 0.007 ≤ η2 ≤ 0.340). With respect to body composition, the participants increased their body weight from pre- to posttest (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.515), which could be explained by the significant growth of muscle mass (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.634). Statistically significant differences between both intervention groups were not found for any of the investigated body composition parameters (p > 0.05; 0.039 ≤ η2 ≤ 0.123). In conclusion, the study verifies the high effectiveness of HIT strength training. Moreover, the results indicate that the TUT within a HIT strength training has no practically relevant effect, if the TUT amounts between 20–70 s until first concentric muscle failure.

scholarly journals Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation versus High-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Body Composition and Strength: A Randomized Controlled Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kemmler ◽  
Marc Teschler ◽  
Anja Weißenfels ◽  
Michael Bebenek ◽  
Michael Fröhlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Gold Standard Reference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Single Set

High-intensity (resistance) exercise (HIT) and whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) are both approaches to realize time-efficient favorable changes of body composition and strength. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of WB-EMS compared with the gold standard reference HIT, for improving body composition and muscle strength in middle-aged men. Forty-eight healthy untrained men, 30–50 years old, were randomly allocated to either HIT (2 sessions/week) or a WB-EMS group (3 sessions/2 weeks) that exercised for 16 weeks. HIT was applied as “single-set-to-failure protocol,” while WB-EMS was conducted with intermittent stimulation (6 s WB-EMS, 4 s rest; 85 Hz, 350 ms) over 20 minutes. The main outcome parameters were lean body mass (LBM) as determined via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and maximum dynamic leg-extensor strength (isokinetic leg-press). LBM changes of both groups (HIT 1.25 ± 1.44% versus WB-EMS0.93±1.15%) were significant (p=.001); however, no significant group differences were detected (p=.395). Leg-extensor strength also increased in both groups (HIT12.7±14.7%,p=.002, versus WB-EMS7.3±10.3%,p=.012) with no significant (p=.215) between-group difference. Corresponding changes were also determined for body fat and back-extensor strength.Conclusion. In summary, WB-EMS can be considered as a time-efficient but pricy option to HIT-resistance exercise for people aiming at the improvement of general strength and body composition.

scholarly journals Motor Training in Degenerative Spinocerebellar Disease: Ataxia-Specific Improvements by Intensive Physiotherapy and Exergames

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthis Synofzik ◽  
Winfried Ilg
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
First Case ◽  
Intensive Physiotherapy ◽  
Intensity Training

The cerebellum is essentially involved in movement control and plays a critical role in motor learning. It has remained controversial whether patients with degenerative cerebellar disease benefit from high-intensity coordinative training. Moreover, it remains unclear by which training methods and mechanisms these patients might improve their motor performance. Here, we review evidence from different high-intensity training studies in patients with degenerative spinocerebellar disease. These studies demonstrate that high-intensity coordinative training might lead to a significant benefit in patients with degenerative ataxia. This training might be based either on physiotherapy or on whole-body controlled videogames (“exergames”). The benefit shown in these studies is equal to regaining one or more years of natural disease progression. In addition, first case studies indicate that even subjects with advanced neurodegeneration might benefit from such training programs. For both types of training, the observed clinical improvements are paralleled by recoveries in ataxia-specific dysfunctions (e.g., multijoint coordination and dynamic stability). Importantly, for both types of training, the retention of the effects seems to depend on the frequency and continuity of training. Based on these studies, we here present preliminary recommendations for clinical practice, and articulate open questions that might guide future studies on neurorehabilitation in degenerative spinocerebellar disease.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Training Reduces CVD Risk Factors among Rotating Shift Workers: An Eight-Week Intervention in Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3943
Author(s):  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Reidun Øvstebø ◽  
Per Anton Sirnes ◽  
Pia Nielsen ◽  
Marit Skogstad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Intensity Training

Rotating shift work is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have studied the effect of 17 min high-intensity training three times a week over eight weeks on CVD risk factors among shift workers. Sixty-five shift workers from two plants were recruited. They were all deemed healthy at the initial health screening and in 100% work. From plant A, 42 workers, and plant B, 23 workers participated. After the intervention, 56 workers were retested. The intervention group consisted of 19 participants from plant A who had participated in at least 10 sessions. Twenty workers from plant B and 17 workers from plant A that not had taken part in the training were included in the control group. All workers reported physical activity (PA) by questionnaires before and after the training intervention. We measured blood pressure, heart rate, lipids, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and arterial stiffness. Maximal oxygen uptake ( V . O2max) was assessed by bicycle ergometry. The intervention group favorably differed significantly from the control group in improvement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Short training sessions with 4 min of high-intensity PA, three times a week, for eight weeks among rotating shift workers reduced some CVD risk factors. PA interventions in occupational settings may thus decrease coronary heart disease and stroke incidences in this vulnerable group of workers.

scholarly journals Effects of sleeping with reduced carbohydrate availability on acute training responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Lane ◽  
Donny M. Camera ◽  
David Gray Lassiter ◽  
José L. Areta ◽  
Stephen R. Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Intensity Training

We determined the effects of “periodized nutrition” on skeletal muscle and whole body responses to a bout of prolonged exercise the following morning. Seven cyclists completed two trials receiving isoenergetic diets differing in the timing of ingestion: they consumed either 8 g/kg body mass (BM) of carbohydrate (CHO) before undertaking an evening session of high-intensity training (HIT) and slept without eating (FASTED), or consumed 4 g/kg BM of CHO before HIT, then 4 g/kg BM of CHO before sleeping (FED). The next morning subjects completed 2 h of cycling (120SS) while overnight fasted. Muscle biopsies were taken on day 1 (D1) before and 2 h after HIT and on day 2 (D2) pre-, post-, and 4 h after 120SS. Muscle [glycogen] was higher in FED at all times post-HIT ( P < 0.001). The cycling bouts increased PGC1α mRNA and PDK4 mRNA ( P < 0.01) in both trials, with PDK4 mRNA being elevated to a greater extent in FASTED ( P < 0.05). Resting phosphorylation of AMPKThr172, p38MAPKThr180/Tyr182, and p-ACCSer79 (D2) was greater in FASTED ( P < 0.05). Fat oxidation during 120SS was higher in FASTED ( P = 0.01), coinciding with increases in ACCSer79 and CPT1 as well as mRNA expression of CD36 and FABP3 ( P < 0.05). Methylation on the gene promoter for COX4I1 and FABP3 increased 4 h after 120SS in both trials, whereas methylation of the PPARδ promoter increased only in FASTED. We provide evidence for shifts in DNA methylation that correspond with inverse changes in transcription for metabolically adaptive genes, although delaying postexercise feeding failed to augment markers of mitochondrial biogenesis.

The influence of whole-body electromyostimulation training in middle-aged women

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Jorge Sánchez-Infante ◽  
Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez ◽  
Pablo Abián ◽  
Paula Esteban ◽  
Fernando Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Strength Exercises ◽  
Total Fat

BACKGROUND: Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is a new tendency in training used to complement conventional training. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze the effects of training with WB-EMS on body composition, strength and balance in middle-aged women. METHODS: Twenty-eight women were randomly assigned to two groups: the WB-EMS group (age = 48.1 ± 4.3 years) or the control group (CG) (age = 51.1 ± 5.4 years). All participants continued their training of 2 days⋅week-1 and 60 min⋅day-1 of endurance-dynamic strength exercises and additionally did 20 minutes more of dynamic strength exercises one day⋅week-1: the WB-EMS group did the additional training with WB-EMS and the CG did the same training but without WB-EMS. Body composition, muscle isokinetic strength of the knee flexors/extensors and postural stability were measured before and after 8 weeks of training. RESULTS: After the training program, the WB-EMS group showed lower values for the waist circumference (83.00 ± 7.37 vs. 78.50 ± 7.30 cm; p< 0.01), hip circumference (104.80 ± 8.61 vs. 101.00 ± 6.78 cm; p< 0.05) and total fat mass (37.04 ± 6.08 vs. 36.26 ± 5.78%; p< 0.05). In balance stability the WB-EMS group reduced their Fall Risk Index (1.70 ± 0.51 vs. 1.30 ± 0.38 AU; p< 0.01) and deviation (1.50 ± 0.43 vs. 1.03 ± 0.74 AU; p< 0.01) after training and showed lower values in the Fall Risk Index (p= 0.007) and deviation (p= 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: The WB-EMS training program helps reduce the risk of falling and improves body composition variables and balance results in middle-aged physically active women.

scholarly journals Effects of Strength Training on Body Composition in Young Male Professional Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Suarez-Arrones ◽  
Pilar Lara-Lopez ◽  
Nacho Torreno ◽  
Eduardo Saez de Villarreal ◽  
Valter Di Salvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Effective Option

The present prospective cohort study investigated changes in body composition (BC) in young male football players (n = 18, 16.1 ± 0.8 years; 181.0 ± 0.1 cm; 71.3 ± 4.9 kg) after combined football and strength training (ST) during a whole in-season period (26 weeks). BC was measured at whole-body absolute and regional levels by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in eighteen players at the beginning and at the end of the competitive period. The ST was organized into three different session types: ST in the gym, specific ST on the field, and individual ST (weak points). The results of the present study indicated that fat-free mass (FFM) was substantially higher following the competitive period (5.1% ± 1.2%), while percentage of fat showed no changes during the competitive period. At the regional level, arms’ and legs’ FFM increased at the end of the season, and bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) increased in arms, legs, pelvis, thoracic spine, and lumbar spine. In conclusion, within the limitation of the potential positive impact of growth and/or maturation, present results seem to indicate that an ST program that supplements football-related training sessions could be an effective option to increase FFM, BMC, and BMD at both whole-body and regional level across the competitive season in young male professional football players.

scholarly journals Bioelectrical Impedance Vector and Creatine Phosphokinase Changes Induced by a High-Intensity Training Session in Rink Hockey Players

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Álex Cebrián-Ponce ◽  
Manuel V. Garnacho-Castaño ◽  
Mercè Castellano-Fàbrega ◽  
Jorge Castizo-Olier ◽  
Marta Carrasco-Marginet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Impedance Vector ◽  
Intensity Training

This study aimed to analyze anthropometric and whole-body/muscle-localized bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) adaptations and their relation to creatine kinase (CK) as a biomarker of muscle damage in a group of seven male players in the maximum category of professional rink hockey. There were three checkpoint assessments in relation to a high-intensity training session: pre-session (PRE), post-session (POST), and 24 h-post-session (POST24H). The resistance, reactance, and impedance module were adjusted by height (R/h, Xc/h, and Z/h, respectively). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the data at baseline and follow-up, while Spearman correlation was used to explore the relationship between CK and the rest of the parameters. The results registered a decrease in body mass at POST (p = 0.03) and a reestablishment at POST24H (p = 0.02). Whole-body BIVA registered a significant increase in R/h between PRE–to–POST (p = 0.02) and returned to baseline values at POST24H (p = 0.02), which was expected since this parameter is related to hydration processes. Muscle-localized BIVA in the rectus femoris muscle showed an increase in both Xc/h and phase angle in POST (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively) and a decrease in Xc/h at POST24H (p = 0.02). CK correlated with R/h in the rectus femoris at all the checkpoints (PRE–to–POST: r = 0.75, p = 0.05; PRE–to–POST24H: r = 0.81, p = 0.03; POST–to–POST24H: r = 0.82, p = 0.02). Our results indicate that BIVA is a sensitive methodology to assess general and muscle-localized hydration induced by a high-intensity training session in rink hockey players. A correlation between BIVA and CK was also reported.

The Effect of Maximal- and Explosive-Strength Training on Performance Indicators in Cyclists

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Beattie ◽  
Brian P. Carson ◽  
Mark Lyons ◽  
Ian C. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Road Cyclists

Cycling economy (CE), power output at maximal oxygen uptake (WV̇O2max), and anaerobic function (ie, sprinting ability) are considered the best physiological performance indicators in elite road cyclists. In addition to cardiovascular function, these physiological indicators are partly dictated by neuromuscular factors. One technique to improve neuromuscular function in athletes is through strength training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 20-wk maximal- and explosive-strength-training intervention on strength (maximal strength, explosive strength, and bike-specific explosive strength), WV̇O2max, CE, and body composition (body mass, fat and lean mass) in cyclists. Fifteen competitive road cyclists were divided into an intervention group (endurance training and strength training: n = 6; age, 38.0 ± 10.2 y; weight, 69.1 ± 3.6 kg; height, 1.77 ± 0.04 m) and a control group (endurance training only: n = 9; age, 34.8 ± 8.5 y; weight, 72.5 ± 7.2 kg; height, 1.78 ± 0.05 m). The intervention group strength-trained for 20 wk. Each participant completed 3 assessments: physiology (CE, WV̇O2max, power at 2 and 4 mmol/L blood lactate), strength (isometric midthigh pull, squat-jump height, and 6-s bike-sprint peak power), and body composition (body mass, fat mass, overall leanness, and leg leanness). The results showed significant between- and within-group changes in the intervention group for maximal strength, bike-specific explosive strength, absolute WV̇O2max, body mass, overall leanness, and leg leanness at wk 20 (P < .05). The control group showed no significant within-group changes in measures of strength, physiology, or body composition. This study demonstrates that 20 wk of strength training can significantly improve maximal strength, bike-specific explosive strength, and absolute WV̇O2max in competitive road cyclists.

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