Measurement of water flow in closed conduits. Meters for cold potable water

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Potable Water

scholarly journals Water Loss Reduction in Water Distribution Networks. Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Anca Hoțupan ◽  
Roxana Mare ◽  
Adriana Hădărean
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Pipe ◽  
Looped Network

Abstract Water losses on the potable water distribution networks represent an important issue; on the one hand, water loss does not bring money and on the other hand, they modify water flow and pressure distribution on the entire system and this can lead to a cut-off of the water supply. A stringent monitoring of the water distribution network reduces considerably the water losses. The appearance of a leakage inside the distribution network is inevitable in time. But very important is its location and repair time – that are recommended to be as short as possible. The present paper analyses the hydraulic parameters of the water flow inside a supply pipe of a looped network that provides potable water for an entire neighbourhood. The main goals are to optimize these parameters, to reduce water losses by rigorous monitoring and control of the service pressure on the supply pipe and to create a balance between pressure and water flow. The presented method is valid for any type of distribution network, but the obtained values refer strictly to the analysed potable water distribution looped network.

scholarly journals Potable Water Accessibility in the Slums of Douala IV Municipality, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Lueong Lovees Ahfembombi ◽  
Zephania N. Fogwe ◽  
Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Water Accessibility ◽  
Pipe Water ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government

The proliferation of slums in sub-Saharan Africa validates the need for renewed interest on access to basic services–potable water in this case. In the context of Bonaberi Douala, recent evidence on potable water accessibility is lacking, amidst rising population growth. To close this knowledge gap, this paper draws from a sample of 1115 households in 8 neighborhoods of Bonaberi to: (1) assess potable water accessibility and (2) examine the regularity of water flow. The results revealed that only 51.3% of slum dwellers have pipe water connections, while 33.4% rely on public standpipes. Furthermore, 28.4% make use of boreholes, while 46% use rainwater. About 12.5% of the population cover a distance of more than 200 m to fetch water. The pattern of water flow in several neighbourhoods is irregular; this precipitates the spread of waterborne diseases. The paper recommends that a control committee should be set aside to check water quality and reduce the spread of water-related diseases. The government and other local stakeholders should promote community water projects that can supply potable water in these slums.

Assessing the urban water balance: the Urban Water Flow Model and its application in Cyprus

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Charalambous ◽  
Adriana Bruggeman ◽  
Manfred A. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Urban Water Balance

Modelling the urban water balance enables the understanding of the interactions of water within an urban area and allows for better management of water resources. However, few models today provide a comprehensive overview of all water sources and uses. The objective of the current paper was to develop a user-friendly tool that quantifies and visualizes all water flows, losses and inefficiencies in urban environments. The Urban Water Flow Model was implemented in a spreadsheet and includes a water-savings application that computes the contributions of user-selected saving options to the overall water balance. The model was applied to the coastal town of Limassol, Cyprus, for the hydrologic years 2003/04–2008/09. Data were collected from the different authorities and hydrologic equations and estimations were added to complete the balance. Average precipitation was 363 mm/yr, amounting to 25.4 × 106m3/yr, more than double the annual potable water supply to the town. Surface runoff constituted 29.6% of all outflows, while evapotranspiration from impervious areas was 21.6%. Possible potable water savings for 2008/09 were estimated at 5.3 × 103 m3, which is 50% of the total potable water provided to the area. This saving would also result in a 6% reduction of surface runoff.

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