Capability of detection

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Capability Of Detection

Canine Oil Detection (K9-SCAT) following 2015 Releases from the T/V Arrow Wreck

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2620-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Owens ◽  
H.C. Dubach ◽  
P. Bunker ◽  
S. MacDonald ◽  
Z. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Capability Of Detection ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Coverage Rates

Abstract The T/V Arrow sank in 1970, spilling Bunker C fuel oil into Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia. In the summer and fall of 2015, residual oil leaked from the sunken vessel and re-oiled shorelines in the Bay. A K9-SCAT field study, funded by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), was conducted in June 2016 to assess the capability of detection canines to locate stranded oil following the new releases. The canine detected small amounts of weathered surface oil that were barely visible, and in some cases, not visible, to the SCAT-trained observers, as well as subsurface oil on mixed- and coarse-sediment beaches. The average speed of a survey, in terms of the length of shoreline covered, varied depending on the shore type and the width of the survey band. The most challenging site was a steep bedrock shoreline with an alongshore survey rate of 0.2 linear km/hour. Typical alongshore coverage rates for the wide, mixed sediment were in the range 0.7 to 1.2 linear km/hour, and for both straight, wide sand beaches were 1.2 km/hour. The highest alongshore rate was 2.4 linear km/hour for the narrow beach on Janvrin Island. The successful detection of 2015 T/V Arrow cargo oil (both naturally stranded and intentionally planted) on selected Chedabucto Bay shorelines indicates that there is a low risk, high confidence level that the canine did not miss subsurface oil, although that possibility may exist. Where the canine made an alert and no surface oil was visible, chemical analyses of sediment samples indicated that weathered petroleum hydrocarbons were present at those locations and, therefore, the canine had made correct alerts. The results provide further “proof of concept” for K9-SCAT teams to support surface and subsurface oil detection during traditional shoreline assessment surveys.

scholarly journals Detection capability of the Italian network for teleseismic events

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Di Maro ◽  
A. Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Event Detection ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
International Data ◽  
Capability Of Detection ◽  
International Data Center ◽  
Back Azimuth ◽  
Test Ban ◽  
Teleseismic Events

The future GSE experiment is based on a global seismic monitoring system, that should be designed for monitoring compliance with a nuclear test ban treaty. Every country participating in the test will transmit data to the International Data Center. Because of the high quality of data required, we decided to conduct this study in order to determine the set of stations to be used in the experiment. The Italian telemetered seismological network can detect all events of at least magnitude 2.5 whose epicenters are inside the network itself. For external events the situation is different: the capabilíty of detection is conditioned not only by the noise condition of the station, but also by the relative position of epicenter and station. The ING bulletin (January 1991-June 1992) was the data set for the present work. Comparing these data with the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) bulletin, we established which stations are most reliable in detecting teleseismic events and, moreover, how distance and back-azimuth can influence event detection. Furthermore, we investigated the reliability of the automatic acquisition system in relation to teleseismic event detection.

scholarly journals Current Review of Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Selia Chowdhury ◽  
Mehedi Hasan Bappy ◽  
Samia Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Shahraj Chowdhury ◽  
Nurjahan Shipa Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Capability Of Detection

Mutations are causing SARS-CoV-2 to alter its genetic structure to improve its potential to elude the immune system, making vaccine buildout against the virus more difficult. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have been found up to this point; based on their impact on public health some are considered variants of concern (VOCs) and some are considered variants of interests. VOCs are linked to superior transmissibility, a decline in neutralization by natural or vaccine induced antibodies, evading capability of detection, and a reduction in the efficacy of vaccines or therapeutics. In this article, a SARS-CoV-2 subtype, known as Delta, has been revised to provide the current state of the art and an appropriate foundation for future research works. The evolution, pathogenesis, current trends of transmission, associated symptoms, suggested prevention and treatments, and vaccine efficacy of Delta variant are reviewed and discussed.

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