Evidential weight and legal admissibility of electronically stored information (ESI)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stored Information

Extended Emulation Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Rade
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
External Input ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Abstract Thought ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
The Mind

Emulators are internal models, first evolved for prediction in perception to shorten the feedback on motor action. However, the selective pressure on perception is to improve the fitness of decision-making, driving the evolution of emulators towards context-dependent payoff representation and integration of action planning, not enhanced prediction as is generally assumed. The result is integrated perceptual, memory, representational, and imaginative capacities processing external input and stored internal input for decision-making, while simultaneously updating stored information. Perception, recall, imagination, theory of mind, and dreaming are the same process with different inputs. Learning proceeds via scaffolding on existing conceptual infrastructure, a weak form of embodied cognition. Discrete concepts are emergent from continuous dynamics and are in a perceptual, not representational, format. Language is also in perceptual format and enables precise abstract thought. In sum, what was initially a primitive system for short-term prediction in perception has evolved to perform abstract thought, store and retrieve memory, understand others, hold embedded action plans, build stable narratives, simulate scenarios, and integrate context dependence into perception. Crucially, emulators co-evolved with the emergence of societies, producing a mind-society system in which emulators are dysfunctional unless integrated into a society, which enables their complexity. The Target Emulator System, evolved initially for honest signaling, produces the emergent dynamics of the mind-society system and spreads variation-testing of behavior and thought patterns across a population. The human brain is the most dysfunctional in isolation, but the most effective given its context.

Ultrafast Switching Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle Eriksson ◽  
Anders Bergman ◽  
Lars Bergqvist ◽  
Johan Hellsvik
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Optical Control ◽  
Magnetic Memory ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Switching Dynamics ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Ultrafast Switching ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
Intense Research

The time-integrated amount of data and stored information, is doubled roughly every eighteen months, and since the majority of the worlds information is stored in magnetic media, the possibility to write and retrieve information in a magnetic material at ever greater speed and with lower energy consumption, has obvious benefits for our society. Hence the seemingly simple switching of a magnetic unit, a bit, is a crucial process which defines how efficiently information can be stored and retrieved from a magnetic memory. Of particular interest here are the concepts of ultrafast magnetism and all-optical control of magnetism which have in recent decades become the basis for an intense research field. The motivation is natural; the mechanisms behind these phenomena are far from trivial and the technological implications are huge.

Human Brain Like Memory Behavior in the Magnetic Domain Expansion Type Magneto-Optical Disk

2001 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norio Ota ◽  
Hiroyuki Awano ◽  
Manabu Tani ◽  
Susumu Imai
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Field Pattern ◽  
Human Response ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Timing Phase ◽  
Coherent Amplification

ABSTRACTMagnetic Amplifying Magneto-Optical System (MAMMOS) shows human brain like memory behavior. Magnetic field and laser power have threshold to recover the stored memory like the human response of remembering. MAMMOS also has a feature to amplify very small recorded signals like our recovery of memory, e.g. fifty years ago episode.By adding the meaningful information on the magnetic field pattern, we can get some correlation between our memory and external stimulation. Such scheme is named as “the Active readout MAMMOS” which is analogues to the human process of remembering the memory.If the applied field pattern and timing phase just coincide with stored information, there occurs the coherent amplification of MAMMOS signal. We can utilize such phenomena as the trigger of “Memory Association”.

The creation and development of learning organizations: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Kumar ◽  
Justin Paul ◽  
Madhvendra Misra ◽  
Rubina Romanello
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
And Storage

Purpose In this paper, using the antecedents, decisions and outcomes (ADO) framework, the factors/key performance indicators (KPIs) most relevant for creating or building a learning organization (LO) are identified. This study aims to contribute to the field of knowledge management (KM) in terms of introducing KPIs to foster a business organization with a continuous learning process, mechanisms of knowledge creation and memorization. Design/methodology/approach In total, 57 papers were selected for this systematic literature review (SLR) from Web of Science and Scopus covering the period 1985–2019. Findings The 12 most relevant KPIs are identified based on the literature survey conducted in the field of LO. Research limitations/implications The managerial implications of this review paper will be an added advantage to the modern business organization worldwide that have adopted KM practices to foster knowledge management with information technology (IT) infrastructure. As IT infrastructure focuses on knowledge acquisition, dissemination and storage but the KPIs revealed through this review will help in transforming stored information as learning for the organization to improve its overall performance. Originality/value This review synthesizes prior studies and provides directions for future research.

scholarly journals Performance of elderly on the three words-three shapes test: A Brazilian study

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Cristiane Garcia da Costa Armentano ◽  
Julieta Quayle
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Assessment Of Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Years Of Schooling

Abstract The three words-three shapes test is a brief bedside technique for assessment of learning and memory using verbal and non-verbal material. To the best of our knowledge, performance of Brazilian elderly on this test has not yet been reported. Objective: To evaluate the performance of normal Brazilian elderly on the three words-three shapes test. Method: A total of 50 adult patients, 25 males and 25 females, with age ranging from 55 to 81 years (66.0±7.10 years), 1 to 8 years of schooling, different economic conditions and living in the São José do Rio Preto municipality, State of São Paulo, were evaluated. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between performance of males and females. Performance on incidental recall was significantly lower than in delayed recall. The performance in the learning phase improved following at least two further presentations of the stimuli. Approximately 50% of the participants did not remember the six stimuli and had to proceed to the recognition stage. The performance in the recognition stage was significantly better than during spontaneous recall. Patients with low educational level (less years of schooling) had poorer performance on the recall of shapes and on the total score of the test. Conclusions: The three words-three shapes test is rapid, efficient and straightforward to apply in the elderly, but low educational level was associated with poorer performance on this test. Normal elderly individuals had greater difficulty in the encoding process and in searching for stored information.

Creativity from paradoxical experience: a theory of how individuals achieve creativity while adopting paradoxical frames

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Calic ◽  
Sebastien Hélie ◽  
Nick Bontis ◽  
Elaine Mosakowski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Paradox Theory ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeExtant paradox theory suggests that adopting paradoxical frames, which are mental templates adopted by individuals in order to embrace contradictions, will result in superior firm performance. Superior performance is achieved through learning and creativity, fostering flexibility and resilience and unleashing human capital. The creativity mechanism of paradox theory is limited by a few propositions and a rough underlying theoretical logic. Using the extant theoretical base as a platform, the paper aims to develop a more powerful theory using a computational simulation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on a psychologically realistic computer simulation. Using a simulation to generate ideas from stored information, one can model and manipulate the parameters that have been shown to mediate the relationship between paradoxes and creative output – defined as the number of creative ideas generated.FindingsSimulation results suggest that the relationship between paradoxical frames and creative output is non-monotonic – contrary to previous studies. Indeed, findings suggest that paradoxical frames can reduce, rather than enhance, creative output, in at least some cases.Originality/valueAn important benefit of adopting paradoxical frames is their capacity to increase creative output. This assumption is challenging to test, because one cannot measure private cognitive processes related to knowledge creation. However, they can be simulated. This allows for the extension of current theory. This new theory depicts a more complete relationship between paradoxical frames and creativity by accounting for subjective differences in how paradoxical frames are experienced along two cognitive mechanisms – differentiation and integration.

scholarly journals Methods for Assessment of Memory Reactivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 2175-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhao Liu ◽  
Andres D. Grosmark ◽  
Zhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Weighted Distance ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Statistical Dependency ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
Robust Statistical Methods ◽  
Population Decoding

It has been suggested that reactivation of previously acquired experiences or stored information in declarative memories in the hippocampus and neocortex contributes to memory consolidation and learning. Understanding memory consolidation depends crucially on the development of robust statistical methods for assessing memory reactivation. To date, several statistical methods have seen established for assessing memory reactivation based on bursts of ensemble neural spike activity during offline states. Using population-decoding methods, we propose a new statistical metric, the weighted distance correlation, to assess hippocampal memory reactivation (i.e., spatial memory replay) during quiet wakefulness and slow-wave sleep. The new metric can be combined with an unsupervised population decoding analysis, which is invariant to latent state labeling and allows us to detect statistical dependency beyond linearity in memory traces. We validate the new metric using two rat hippocampal recordings in spatial navigation tasks. Our proposed analysis framework may have a broader impact on assessing memory reactivations in other brain regions under different behavioral tasks.

scholarly journals Truth, body and religion

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarl-Thure Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
New Information ◽  
Concept Of Truth ◽  
Stored Information

This paper is based on the words of welcome to the symposium on Religion and the Body on 16 June 2010.  In a religious context ‘truth’ is like a mantra, a certain imperative to believe in sacred things. The concept of truth and falseness arises, when we as humans compare reality, as we experience it through our senses, with the representation we have in our memory, a comparison of new information with stored information. If we look for the truth, we have to search in the human mind. There we will also find religion.

scholarly journals The Importance of Trials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Harris
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Continuous Learning ◽  
Reinforcement History ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Information ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Learning As A Process ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
The Relationship

Many theories of conditioning describe learning as a process by which stored information about the relationship between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) is progressively updated upon each occasion (trial) that the CS occurs with, or without, the US. These simple trial-based descriptions can provide a powerful and efficient means of extracting information about the correlation between two events, but they fail to explain how animals learn about the timing of events. This failure has motivated models of conditioning in which animals learn continuously, either by explicitly representing temporal intervals between events, or by sequentially updating an array of associations between temporally distributed elements of the CS and US. Here, I review evidence that some aspects of conditioning are not the consequence of a continuous learning process but reflect a trial-based process. In particular, the way that animals learn about the absence of a predicted US during extinction suggests that they encode and remember trials as single complete episodes rather than as a continuous experience of unfulfilled expectation of the US. These memories allow the animal to recognise repeated instances of non-reinforcement and encode these as a sequence which, in the case of a partial reinforcement schedule, can become associated with the US. The animal is thus able to remember details about the pattern of a CS’s reinforcement history, information that affects how long the animal continues to respond to the CS when all reinforcement ceases.

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