Marine technology. Product water quality of seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. Guidelines for municipal water supply

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Technology Product ◽  
Marine Technology ◽  
Product Water

scholarly journals Social representations of drinking water: subsidies for water quality surveillance programmes

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Ferraz Carmo ◽  
Paula Dias Bevilacqua ◽  
Marisa Barletto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Municipal Water

A qualitative study was developed aimed at understanding the social representations of water consumption by a segment of the population of a small town in Brazil. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were carried out and subjected to a content analysis addressing opinion on drinking water, characteristics of drinking water and its correlation to health and diseases, criteria for water usage and knowledge on the source and accountability for drinking-water quality. Social representations of drinking water predominantly incorporate the municipal water supply and sanitation provider and its quality. The identification of the municipal water supply provider as alone responsible for maintaining water quality indicated the lack of awareness of any health surveillance programme. For respondents, chlorine was accountable for conferring colour, odour and taste to the water. These physical parameters were reported as the cause for rejecting the water supplied and suggest the need to review the focus of health-educational strategies based on notions of hygiene and water-borne diseases. The study allowed the identification of elements that could contribute to positioning the consumers vs. services relationship on a level playing field, enabling dialogue and exchange of knowledge for the benefit of public health.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of water supply services in Chitungwiza: How water supply services mirrors poor governance and lack of management

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luckson Zvobgo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

Background: Provision of reliable water services is crucial for urban livelihood. In Chitungwiza, provision of water services has been deteriorating since the millennium with residents losing hope for better services. The poor supply of municipal water in Chitungwiza has led to a chronic ‘dry taps situation’ where household taps are dry from periods of several consecutive days to months.Aim: This article assesses the water supply challenges in Chitungwiza through performance evaluation of the water supply services.Setting: The study was conducted in 26 suburbs in the four residential zones of Chitungwiza Municipality.Methods: Performance evaluation of water supply services was carried out using seven performance indicators: coverage of water supply connection, extent of metering of water connections, presence of leakages, extent of non-revenue water, continuity of water supply, quality of water supplied and efficiency in redressal of customer complaints. Two hundred and ninety-eight semi-structured questionnaires were administered in four residential zones of Chitungwiza. Water distribution system surveillance and key informant interviews were also conducted.Results: The results indicate high non-revenue water, poor water infrastructure maintenance, lack of water investment leading to widespread leakages in the distribution system, poor water quality supply and unreliable services provision. A majority, 80.2%, rated the municipal water supply services as poor. To cope with this new reality, households in Chitungwiza implemented a ‘source switch’ to new sources.Conclusion: Household shallow wells were identified as the main adapting strategy with 51.7% households relying on wells despite concerns about the water quality of the wells. Chitungwiza municipality should implement structural reforms that allow the current water service provision to improve.

Quality of product water by three full-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Xiao-Nan Wang ◽  
Ming-Yuan Ma ◽  
Xian-Hui Pan ◽  
Jun Hao ◽  
Chuang-Nian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Product Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Desalination

Impact of flow rate on corrosion of cast iron and quality of re-mineralized seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membrane product water

Desalination ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liang ◽  
Anqi Deng ◽  
Rongjing Xie ◽  
Mylene Gomez ◽  
Jiangyong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Product Water

scholarly journals Variable water quality of domestic wells emphasizes the need for groundwater quality monitoring and protection: Stinkwater, Hammanskraal, Gauteng

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhulane S Baloyi ◽  
Roger E Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Small Industry

Groundwater is a critical water resource in many peri-urban areas without municipal water supply, a common situation globally, but especially in Africa. These areas contain multiple water pollution risks from various human activities, including small industry, dumping, stock and pet animals, and pit latrines. Stinkwater village, 40 km north of Pretoria in Gauteng Province, that has only partial municipal water supply, was sampled for water quality from municipal taps, boreholes and open hand-dug wells. The water quality varied greatly, with few obvious geographic or geochemical correlations, other than high bacterial counts in the open wells. The key health concerns were nitrate, fluoride and coliform bacteria (including E. coli), some at dangerous levels. Relatively subtle variations in land use, including water use and pollution sources, as well as vadose zone character, including depth to water table, permeability and recharge pathways, could account for much of the variation in water quality. The study reveals the risk of relying upon a single water quality analysis to determine groundwater conditions for an area. In areas with multiple possible pollution sources, thorough groundwater monitoring is needed to determine the usability of water resources.

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