Materials obtained from end of life tyres (ELT) - Determination of the true density of granulates - Method based on water pycnometry

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
True Density

Determination of the Mass Thickness and True Density of Vacuum-Deposited Cr Films by X-Ray Fluorescence

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2313-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Sato ◽  
Saburo Kimura ◽  
Yoshiyuki Katsube
Keyword(s):  
True Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Thickness

Characterisation of the Filter Elements of End-of-Life Biological and Chemical Protection Masks Used by the Army

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 778-782
Author(s):  
Marta Cabral ◽  
João C. Bordado ◽  
António Correia Diogo ◽  
Fernanda Margarido
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Activated Carbon Cloth ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Dissolved Components

The main purpose of the present study is to assess the usefulness of filter cartridges from end-of-life biological and chemical protection masks, for other applications (with increased added value) instead of landfill deposition. Filters with different ages up to fifty years, were dismantled and divided in their components. Physico-chemical characterisation of each filter cartridge component was performed using different techniques such as: optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, pyrolysis, particle size distribution by laser diffraction, surface area determination from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K, determination of open porosity by helium pycnometry, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis in the temperature range from -100°C to 200°C. It is shown that the loss of resilience of the rubber sealant is the main factor that controls the shelf life of filter cartridges. On the other hand, most of the charcoal in the activated carbon cloth remains active and can be useful for other less severe applications such as the removal of dissolved components from freshwater and/or marine systems.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF 14C AND TGA TECHNIQUES FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE BIOMASS CONTENT OF END-OF-LIFE TIRES

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Saiz-Rodríguez ◽  
José María Bermejo-Muñoz ◽  
Andrés Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Alberto Fernández-Torres ◽  
Antonio Rubinos-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Thermogravimetric Method ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reference Samples

ABSTRACT Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and 14C techniques were compared for the determination of the biomass content of end-of-life tires (ELTs). Samples of different types (of ELTs) were prepared, and the biomass fraction of each sample was measured using the two methods (TGA and 14C). Six reference samples were also prepared with known quantities of natural rubber and stearic acid in order to establish the calibration curve necessary for the thermogravimetric analysis and to verify the accuracy of the results of the 14C analysis. The conclusions were that the 14C technique is the more valid, reliable, and precise method for determining the biomass content of end-of-life tires, since the results of the 14C tests of the reference samples coincided perfectly with the actual natural rubber and stearic acid content. On the other hand, the results of the thermogravimetric method differed considerably from the known natural rubber content of the reference samples as well as from the results of the 14C technique. This method is therefore not appropriate for use in determining the biomass content of end-of-life tires.

scholarly journals ASPEK ETIKA DAN LEGAL EUTHANASIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufik Suryadi ◽  
Kulsum Kulsum
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Physician Assisted Suicide ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
Definition Of

Abstrak. Isu-isu tentang akhir kehidupan (end of life) selalu menarik untuk dibicarakan. Penentuan akhir kehidupan ini sering menjadi dilema bagi para dokter karena apabila dokter tidak memahami tentang pengambilan keputusan akhir hidup pasien ia akan menghadapi konsekuensi bioetika dan medikolegal. Terdapat beberapa istilah yang berkaitan dengan isu akhir kehidupan yaitu euthanasia, withholding and withdrawal life support, physician assisted suicide, dan  palliative care. Dengan berkembangnya ilmu kedokteran dan teknologi, definisi kematian menjadi sulit ditentukan karena dengan bantuan alat canggih kedokteran kehidupan ‘dapat diperpanjang’. Dari kenyataan inilah maka timbul pertanyaan serius: “Sampai kapan dokter harus mempertahankan kehidupan?. Apakah semua jenis pengobatan dan perawatan yang dapat  memperpanjang hidup manusia itu harus selalu diberikan?”.Dari permasalahan ini dapat didiskusikan tentang euthanasia ditinjau dari sudut bioetika dan medikolegal. Kata kunci: euthanasia, aspek bioetika, aspek medikolegal  Abstract .The issues of end of life are always interesting to discussed. This final determination of life is often a dilemma for doctors because if the doctor does not understand the final decision of the patient's life he will face the consequences of bioethics and medicolegal. There are several terms related to the issues of end of life that is euthanasia, withholding and withdrawal life support, physician assisted suicide, and palliative care. With the development of medical science and technology, the definition of death becomes difficult to determine because with the help of advanced medical devices 'life can be extended'. It is from this fact that a serious question arises: "How long should doctors maintain life? Are all types of cure and care that can extend the life of a human should always be given? "From this issues can be discussed about euthanasia in terms of bioethics and medicolegal. Keywords: euthanasia, bioethics aspect, medicolegal aspect

Non-heart-beating organ donation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Y. Rady ◽  
Ari R. Joffe
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ischaemic Injury ◽  
Heart Beating ◽  
Central Nervous Systems

The transplantation community endorses controlled and uncontrolled non-heart-beating organ donation (NHBD) to increase the supply of transplantable organs at end of life. Cardiac arrest must occur within 1–2 hours after the withdrawal of life-support in controlled NHBD. Uncontrolled NHBD is performed after failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an unexpected witnessed cardiac arrest. Donor management aims to protect transplantable organs against warm ischaemic injury through the optimization of haemodynamics and mechanical ventilation. This also requires antemortem instrumentation and systemic anticoagulation for organ perseveration in controlled NHBD. Interval support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or cardiopulmonary bypass is generally required for optimal organ perfusion and oxygenation in uncontrolled NHBD, which remains a controversial medical practice. There are several unresolved ethical challenges. The circulatory criterion of 2–10 minutes of absent arterial pulse does not comply with the uniform determination of death criterion of the irreversible cessation of functions of the cardiovascular or central nervous systems. There are no robust safeguards in clinical practice that can prevent faulty prognostication, and premature withdrawal of treatment or termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Unmanaged conflicting interests of increasing the supply of transplantable organs can have serious consequences on the medical care of potentially salvageable patients. Perimortem interventions can interfere with the delivery of an optimal quality of end-of-life care. The lack of disclosure of these NHBD ethical controversies does not uphold the moral obligation for an informed consent.

Determination of the density of solids by means of a solid pycnometric substance

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Medek ◽  
Zuzana Weishauptová
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
New Method ◽  
Solid Substance ◽  
True Density ◽  
Rheologic Properties

A new method has been developed for determination of apparent density of porous powdered materials, which uses a suitable plastic solid substance as the pycnometric medium. In this method a mixture of the tested and pycnometric substances is compressed in a pressing device up to the pressure, at which the pycnometric substance undergoes plastic deformation and fills completely all intergranular voids between particles of the tested material. The rheologic properties of the pycnometric substance prevent its penetration into coarse pores, which makes the method especially suitable for determination of apparent density of coarsely porous materials. The method can be used also for determination of true density of non-porous powdered materials.

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