Recycling of rare earth elements � Methods for the measurement of rare earth elements in industrial waste and end-of-life products

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Industrial Waste

scholarly journals Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) Using Ionic Solvents

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Guilhem Arrachart ◽  
Julien Couturier ◽  
Sandrine Dourdain ◽  
Clément Levard ◽  
Stéphane Pellet-Rostaing
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Extraction Processes

Rare earth elements (REEs) are becoming more and more significant as they play crucial roles in many advanced technologies. Therefore, the development of optimized processes for their recovery, whether from primary resources or from secondary sources, has become necessary, including recovery from mine tailings, recycling of end-of-life products and urban and industrial waste. Ionic solvents, including ionic liquids (ILs) and deep-eutectic solvents (DESs), have attracted much attention since they represent an alternative to conventional processes for metal recovery. These systems are used as reactive agents in leaching and extraction processes. The most significant studies reported in the last decade regarding the recovery of REEs are presented in this review.

Recycling and substitution of light rare earth elements, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and praseodymium from end-of-life applications - A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 117573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Omodara ◽  
Satu Pitkäaho ◽  
Esa-Matti Turpeinen ◽  
Paula Saavalainen ◽  
Kati Oravisjärvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Light Rare Earth ◽  
Light Rare Earth Elements

Rare earth recovery from end-of-life motors employing green chemistry design principles

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Dhammika Bandara ◽  
Kathleen D. Field ◽  
Marion H. Emmert
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Selective Precipitation ◽  
Efficient Process ◽  
Efficient Separation

This manuscript describes the development of an efficient process for the recovery of rare earth elements from materials mixtures such as in motors with a recovery rate of >80%. Selective dissolution enables efficient separation of steel and copper and selective precipitation of RE salts is the key for obtaining pure RE products.

Reclaiming rare earth elements from end-of-life products: A review of the perspectives for urban mining using hydrometallurgical unit operations

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 239-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Tunsu ◽  
Martina Petranikova ◽  
Marino Gergorić ◽  
Christian Ekberg ◽  
Teodora Retegan
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Urban Mining ◽  
Unit Operations

scholarly journals Low residual dissolved phosphate in spent medium bioleaching enables rapid and enhanced solubilization of rare earth elements from end-of-life NiMH batteries

2022 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 107361
Author(s):  
Payam Rasoulnia ◽  
Robert Barthen ◽  
Aino-Maija Lakaniemi ◽  
Harri Ali-Löytty ◽  
Jaakko A. Puhakka
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
End Of Life

scholarly journals Leaching and Recovery of Rare-Earth Elements from Neodymium Magnet Waste Using Organic Acids

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino Gergoric ◽  
Christophe Ravaux ◽  
Britt-Marie Steenari ◽  
Fredrik Espegren ◽  
Teodora Retegan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ndfeb Magnets

Over the last decade, rare-earth elements (REEs) have become critical in the European Union (EU) in terms of supply risk, and they remain critical to this day. End-of-life electronic scrap (e-scrap) recycling can provide a partial solution to the supply of REEs in the EU. One such product is end-of-life neodymium (NdFeB) magnets, which can be a feasible source of Nd, Dy, and Pr. REEs are normally leached out of NdFeB magnet waste using strong mineral acids, which can have an adverse impact on the environment in case of accidental release. Organic acids can be a solution to this problem due to easier handling, degradability, and less poisonous gas evolution during leaching. However, the literature on leaching NdFeB magnets waste with organic acids is very scarce and poorly investigated. This paper investigates the recovery of Nd, Pr, and Dy from NdFeB magnets waste powder using leaching and solvent extraction. The goal was to determine potential selectivity between the recovery of REEs and other impurities in the material. Citric acid and acetic acid were used as leaching agents, while di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was used for preliminary solvent extraction tests. The highest leaching efficiencies were achieved with 1 mol/L citric acid (where almost 100% of the REEs were leached after 24 h) and 1 mol/L acetic acid (where >95% of the REEs were leached). Fe and Co—two major impurities—were co-leached into the solution, and no leaching selectivity was achieved between the impurities and the REEs. The solvent extraction experiments with D2EHPA in Solvent 70 on 1 mol/L leachates of both acetic acid and citric acid showed much higher affinity for Nd than Fe, with better extraction properties observed in acetic acid leachate. The results showed that acetic acid and citric acid are feasible for the recovery of REEs out of NdFeB waste under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Sustainable Bioleaching of Rare Earth Elements from Industrial Waste Materials Using Agricultural Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 15311-15319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyue Jin ◽  
David W. Reed ◽  
Vicki S. Thompson ◽  
Yoshiko Fujita ◽  
Yongqin Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials

Emerging technologies for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from the end-of-life electronic wastes: a review on progress, challenges, and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (29) ◽  
pp. 36052-36074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teklit Gebregiorgis Ambaye ◽  
Mentore Vaccari ◽  
Francine Duarte Castro ◽  
Shiv Prasad ◽  
Sami Rtimi
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Emerging Technologies
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