Railway applications - Fixed installations - Electric traction overhead contact lines

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lines ◽  
Electric Traction

High-Speed, Long-Distance Electric Traction

1905 ◽  
Vol 59 (1537supp) ◽  
pp. 24627-24628
Author(s):  
Charles A. Mudge
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Electric Traction

Electric Traction by Monophase Current

1903 ◽  
Vol 56 (1460supp) ◽  
pp. 23401-23402
Author(s):  
Emile Guabini
Keyword(s):  
Electric Traction

Experimental Characterization of the Reliability of 3-Terminal Dual-Damascene Copper Interconnect Trees

2002 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Gan ◽  
C. V. Thompson ◽  
K. L. Pey ◽  
W. K. Choi ◽  
F. Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Contact Lines ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Similar Test ◽  
Dual Damascene ◽  
Copper Interconnect ◽  
Test Conditions

AbstractElectromigration experiments have been carried out on simple Cu dual-damascene interconnect tree structures consisting of straight via-to-via (or contact-to-contact) lines with an extra via in the middle of the line. As with Al-based interconnects, the reliability of a segment in this tree strongly depends on the stress conditions of the connected segment. Beyond this, there are important differences in the results obtained under similar test conditions for Al-based and Cu-based interconnect trees. These differences are thought to be associated with variations in the architectural schemes of the two metallizations. The absence of a conducting electromigrationresistant overlayer in Cu technology, and the possibility of liner rupture at stressed vias lead to significant differences in tree reliabilities in Cu compared to Al.

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