Leather - Determination of degradability by micro-organisms

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Micro Organisms

scholarly journals Part II.- Quantitative methods and technique of investigation of the products of metabolism of micro-organisms

1931 ◽  
Vol 220 (468-473) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Micro Organisms

At the commencement of this work it was decided, as outlined on p. 7 in the introductory paper in this series, to take as the basis of the investigations the quantitative determination of the types of compounds formed by micro-organisms. Hence it became necessary to devise methods of separating “the products of metabolism arising from glucose into different types of chemical compounds, and of isolating them in a form suitable for the subsequent estimation of their carbon content by combustion. The methods adopted will be described.

scholarly journals Effect of tannin-rich leaves of oak (Quercus incana) on various microbial enzyme activities of the bovine rumen

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. S. Makkar ◽  
B. Singh ◽  
R. K. Dawra
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Forward Reaction ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Microbial Enzyme ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Oak Leaves

1. The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of oak (Quercus incana) leaves rich in tannins on various enzyme activities of the bovine rumen.2. The procedure employed was incubation of tannin-rich, very-low-tannin or virtually tannin-free leaves in nylon-gauze bags in the rumen, and determination of enzyme activities in microbes tightly bound to the solid matrix and in microbes loosely plus tightly attached to the solid matrix.3. The activities of urease (EC3.5.1.5), carboxymethylcellulase, glutamate dehydrogenase (EC1.4.1.2) and alanine aminotransferase (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) (EC2.6.1.2) were significantly lower in the tannin-rich group, whereas the activities of glutamate ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase) (EC6.3.1.2; both yγ- glutamyltransferase (EC2.3.2.2) and the forward reaction) were higher in the tannin-rich group. These changes were more marked in micro-organisms tightly bound to the solid matrix than in the more complex microbial compartment.4. The protein, DNA and RNA contents, and protein: RNA ratio, were significantly lower in the tannin-rich group, whereas no difference was observed for protein: DNA between the groups.5. Effects of tannin-containing extracts of oak leaves on various rumen enzymes in vitro showed a trend similar to that observed in nylon-gauze bags, suggesting that the changes observed in various compartments were due to the tannins of oak leaves.

scholarly journals Potabilidade da água de poços artesianos: diagnóstico de amostras dos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sandra Cadore Peixoto ◽  
Carolina Denardi Merlugo ◽  
Anderson Maciel ◽  
Tiago Barboza Solner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Artesian Wells ◽  
Micro Organisms

Drinking water is all water for consumption. It must have certain amount of dissolved minerals, be free of toxic materials and micro-organisms. It is considered an indispensable resource for man. One of the main problems for the use of water is related to its contamination, that is, this resource has been polluted in such a way that it can no longer consume it in its natural state. However, despite all the efforts to store and reduce its consumption, it is becoming scarce and its quality deteriorates faster and faster. In this way, groundwater has become an important alternative for water supply to communities. Considering the relevance of this theme, this study seeks to make a diagnosis of the water quality of artesian wells of the Central Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to prove the potability. For these determinations the experimental procedures were: determination of the pH value; turbidity; temperature; total solids dissolved; color; hardness and residual iron concentration. The evaluation of the results obtained in this study was based on the standards of potability established in Ordinance No. 2,914, of December 12, 2011, of the Ministry of Health, which establishes the procedures for control and surveillance of water quality for human consumption and its standard of potability.Drinking water is all water for consumption. It must have certain amount of dissolved minerals, be free of toxic materials and micro-organisms. It is considered an indispensable resource for man. One of the main problems for the use of water is related to its contamination, that is, this resource has been polluted in such a way that it can no longer consume it in its natural state. However, despite all the efforts to store and reduce its consumption, it is becoming scarce and its quality deteriorates faster and faster. In this way, groundwater has become an important alternative for water supply to communities. Considering the relevance of this theme, this study seeks to make a diagnosis of the water quality of artesian wells of the Central Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to prove the potability. For these determinations the experimental procedures were: determination of the pH value; turbidity; temperature; total solids dissolved; color; hardness and residual iron concentration. The evaluation of the results obtained in this study was based on the standards of potability established in Ordinance No. 2,914, of December 12, 2011, of the Ministry of Health, which establishes the procedures for control and surveillance of water quality for human consumption and its standard of potability.

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