Cinematography specification for the position and dimensions of aperture opening, pressure pad and film load of 8 mm type S modil 1 motion-picture camera cartridge

“Dynamical mixing”, i.e. relaxation of a stellar phase space distribution through interaction with the mean gravitational field, is numerically investigated for a one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas. Qualitative results are presented in the form of a motion picture of the flow of phase points (representing homogeneous slabs of stars) in two-dimensional phase space.

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New Design for a Differentially Pumped Hydration Chamber for a Siemens IA

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006427x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 44-45

Author(s):

R. C. Moretz ◽

G. G. Hausner ◽

D. F. Parsons

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Water Vapor Pressure ◽

Biological Materials ◽

Thin Membrane ◽

Reliable System ◽

System A ◽

Water Films ◽

Aperture Opening

Electron microscopy and diffraction of biological materials in the hydrated state requires the construction of a chamber in which the water vapor pressure can be maintained at saturation for a given specimen temperature, while minimally affecting the normal vacuum of the remainder of the microscope column. Initial studies with chambers closed by thin membrane windows showed that at the film thicknesses required for electron diffraction at 100 KV the window failure rate was too high to give a reliable system. A single stage, differentially pumped specimen hydration chamber was constructed, consisting of two apertures (70-100μ), which eliminated the necessity of thin membrane windows. This system was used to obtain electron diffraction and electron microscopy of water droplets and thin water films. However, a period of dehydration occurred during initial pumping of the microscope column. Although rehydration occurred within five minutes, biological materials were irreversibly damaged. Another limitation of this system was that the specimen grid was clamped between the apertures, thus limiting the yield of view to the aperture opening.

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